S. B. Mohamed

Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin · Faculty of Innovative Design and Technology

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the design and optimization of LPG safety caps, aimed at enhancing safety, reducing material consumption, and optimizing performance. The project employs SolidWorks simulation tools to conduct research and concept design phases. The primary objective is to ensure product safety while minimizing costs thr...

Corrosion is a natural phenomenon that deteriorates and damages the surface of metallic material. Over time, the surface of the material deteriorates due to electrochemical reactions with the surrounding environment. If corrosion is not identified early on, it can become a major financial burden for industries, costing billions of dollars. Despite...

This paper examines the effects of lubrication and cooling techniques on cutting force generated during milling Inconel 718. The study focuses on three different lubrication cooling strategies, namely dry, chilled, and chilled minimum quantity lubrication (MQL). In this study, the cutting parameters considered are a cutting speed between 100 and 14...

The STEP file is the "standard for the exchange of product model data," which is usually used to exchange geometric data in boundary representation (B-rep) between different computer-aided design (CAD) platforms. These data can be fully utilized and integrated into a larger manufacturing organization, such as a computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) en...

Various studies have focused on developing an interface system that could integrate the machining process with CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machine tools by producing tool paths using STEP (Standard for the Exchange of Product model data) file as an input function. Studies to recognize features in STEP file by encoding the data of geometric ent...

The main factor in improving learning skills is providing students with hands-on laboratory experience, and the small-scale machine can accomplish academic programs requiring students to learn machining skills. This paper aims to design and develop a 3-axis CNC milling machine with a PC-based open architecture controller in a vertical position open...

One of the biggest problems the maritime industry is currently experiencing is corrosion, resulting in short and long-term damages. Early prediction and proper corrosion monitoring can reduce economic losses. Traditional approaches used in corrosion prediction and detection are time-consuming and challenging to execute in inaccessible areas. Due to...

Iris recognition is a robust biometric system—user-friendly, accurate, fast, and reliable. This biometric system captures information in a contactless manner, making it suitable for use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite its advantages such as high security and high accuracy, iris recognition still suffers from pupil deformation, motion blur, ey...

Inconel 718 is widely used in components under harsh conditions. The abrasiveness of the carbide particles, poor heat conductivity and built-up edge (BUE) formation are common issues which warrant further investigation. In this work, the failure mode of a TiAlN/AlCrN-coated tungsten carbide (WC) tool during milling of Inconel 718 using different lu...

When dealing with machining accuracy and reliability, performing a structural and modal analysis is essential to understanding loads' effects on physical structures and their components. This paper conducts the static and modal analysis on the 3-axis benchtop CNC milling machine. This study deal with the required procedures for designing two open f...

The excessive use of fossil fuels and the resultant dramatic increase in pollution levels have highlighted the need for a new sustainable and environmentally friendly fuel. Hence, it is necessary to research alternatives to reduce the use of fossil fuels and the emission of greenhouse gases. Utilising oxyhydrogen (HHO) gas has been proven to achiev...

Iris segmentation is a process to isolate the accurate iris region from the eye image for iris recognition. Iris segmentation on non-ideal and noisy iris images is accurate with active contour. Nevertheless, it is currently unclear on how active contour responds to blurry iris images or motion blur, which presents a significant obstacle in iris seg...

The STEP (STandard for the Exchange of Product model data) is a worldwide standard for exchanging products between diverse computer systems and industrial applications. STEP files (ISO 10303) contain 3D data in the universal data format with a boundary representation (B-rep) that allows the exchange of data models between CAD, CAM, and CNC systems....

span>The purpose of this systematic literature review (SLR) article is to discuss the findings of the state-of-art metaheuristic nature-inspired algorithm (MHNIA) in reservoir optimization operation. The rationale of this approach is to elucidate the optimal way as decision making that implemented MHNIA for several complex problems in reservoir opt...

The problem of providing compact and safe storage solutions for hydrogen in solid-state materials is demanding and challenging. The storage solutions for hydrogen required high-capacity storage technologies, which preferably operate at low pressures and have good performances in the kinetics of absorption/desorption. Metal hydrides such as magnesiu...

The ISO 10303 also known as the Standard for the Exchanged Product data (STEP) that describes how to represent and exchange the product manufacturing information. STEP’s data structure incorporates three-dimensional data of product design elements and manufacturing details which allows users to access 3D product model/information via different CAD...

The machine manufacturing industry usually monopolizes CNC-based machine manufacturing technology. These machine tools have world-class manufacturer control systems. Simultaneously, hobbyists, amateurs, and semi-professionals created many solutions for small-scale and low-cost CNC machines. This paper discusses processes for designing and developin...

Biodiesel production is the reaction of raw oils with mixing and heating within catalyst and methanol. The raw oils usually come from vegetable oils and animal fats. Vegetable oils are a promising feedstock for biodiesel production since they are renewable in nature. Nevertheless, the physical properties of biodiesel pose some acute problems when u...

The application of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) used to capture the images of the flood areas are becoming interest of most researchers recently. This is due to its versatilities of capturing the images with low-cost and real time responses. At present, the captured images are analysed manually by human experts, which cause the task labourous, tim...

The STEP file contains 3D data in a universal data format (ISO 10303-21) structured in boundary representation methodology. It can exchange data models in G-code (ISO 6983) between CAD, CAM, and CNC systems. Currently, G-code generation uses CAM software as an add-on, with high installation costs. This software usually only embraces a specific CAD...

The main focus of this study is exploring the spatial distribution of polyaromatics hydrocarbon links between oil spills in the environment via Support Vector Machines based on Kernel-Radial Basis Function (RBF) approach for high precision classification of oil spill type from its sample fingerprinting in Peninsular Malaysia. The results show the h...

Nanofluid is a colloidal mixture consisting of nano-sized particles dispersed in a liquid medium. It improves heat transfer properties and promotes high energy efficiency in a wide spectrum of engineering applications. In recent years, particularly in the automotive industry, the addition of nanofluid in diesel/bio-diesel as an additive for ICE has...

Mosque is an essential civic building because it functions as a community space and fulfils the spiritual need of the normal people including special population. The registered physical disabilities recorded are increasing annually and indicate that accessible facilities are widely provided in the public buildings, especially the ablution area. How...

Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) are such model equations and are used to simulate numerous fluid flow problem. This article focuses on the most well-known of RANS turbulence modelling and its application to industrial flows. Among all the RANS models, low Reynold number (LRN) turbulence model is more accurate that the standard turbulence mod...

The tradition of fibre composite materials in energy absorbing tube applications has gained interest in structural collisions in the composite materials industry. Thus, the subject of this work is the experimental investigation to understand the effects of the failure initiator at the specimen’s edge, causing the increase in the specific absorbed e...

STEP is a general data format that observes the international standard ISO 10303-21. STEP means Standard for the Exchange of Product model data. It consists of the 3D geometry of a computer-aided design (CAD) model in the configuration of boundary representation (B-rep). By extracting, refining and decoding the geometric data correctly, the data ca...

The aim of this research is to elucidate the effects of the standoff distance (SOD) in abrasive water jet machining (AWJ) on mild steel. Nine different standoff distances (z) of 5, 8, 10, 11, 15, 18, 20 and 25mm AISI 1090 steel samples were used in this study. Following the test, the kerf width and kerf taper ratio were measured. The surface morpho...

Numerous type of cutting tools has been developed continuously for use in metal cutting and the coated cemented carbides are the most popular in employing many machining strategies to improve machinability of alloy steel. This paper presents on analyze of surface roughness and tool wear on AISI 4140 alloy steel using CNC lathe machine at various ma...

The traditional method to build dairy goat housing for intensive system using wood material is almost not feasible anymore, at least in Malaysia. Reasons such as depleting the natural resources, odor pollution, higher maintenance costs and low life span are the weaknesses for this material. This study proposed the composites material such as alumin...

The effect of coconut shell (CS), coconut shell activated carbon (CSAC) and beta-silicon carbide (β-SiC) in polymer composites was investigated. Elemental composition, surface morphologies and structural analyses of the fillers were performed using carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur (CHNS) analyser, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray D...

The woven plain weave/epoxy hexagonal tubes’ capacity for energy absorption is investigated in present work. The experimental work was performed on composite hexagons with different hexagonal angles between 35° and 55° in aspect ratios L/t = 70 and 10° angular increments. Observation was made on how the configuration impacts the crash-worthiness be...

The accuracy of the hardness test depends on the effects of variations of the loading force and the number of indentations. The purpose of this study was to compare the micro hardness data of these factors. Aged Inconel 718 with a hardness of 450 HV was used as the specimen in this test. The investigation was carried out by observing the amount of...

This paper reported on the effect of ambient temperature, layer thickness, and part angle on the surface roughness and dimensional accuracy. The response surface methodology (RSM) was employed by using historical data in the experiment to determine the significant factors and their interactions on the fused deposition modelling (FDM) performance. T...

STEP file is a CAD file, which is Standard for the Exchange of Product model data. It is the next generation of data model between CAD/CAM and CNC system. It contains three-dimensional (3D) data in ISO 10303-21 format that can be recognized and utilized by most of CNC programs. However, not all data available in the STEP files are suitable for CNC...

The Manufacturing Industries in Malaysia were the fastest-growth industry over the past few years. In doing so, involvement of Bumiputera Entrepreneurs in this area was competitive. After the support gave from the government to the entrepreneur, the government still doesn't have any apparatus for analyzing Manufacturing Industries Bumiputera Entrep...

The alkaline treatment with 5 wt. % sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution at room temperature for 24 and 48 h was performed on coir fibre. The structural characterisation, thermal degradation and water absorption ability of the untreated and NaOH-treated coir fibre polymer composites have been studied. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed th...

WiMAX is a broadband wireless technology for high speed direct access to internet. This broadband technology offers a rich set of features like better coverage area, bandwidth, flexibilities and many other new applications than contemporary wireless technologies. Here traffic engineering becomes a great issue for the better performance of WiMAX tec...

Optimizing cutting parameters is very significant to obtain good machined surface and meet engineering specifications. It is also can save energy, reduce waste, save processing time, and increase tool life.

Activities in a research project may be structured into a series of tasks. Each task should be clearly defined and understood to ensure the possibility of introducing effective strategies and concepts for experimental design.

Design-Expert V9 software was used to predict the cutting parameters that had an important effect for a particular response. Since the surface roughness for CFRP and Al2024 was recorded as two different responses, the analysis was conducted separately. The obtained results from the experiment are listed in Table 4.1 which is then used for further a...

A composite material is a composition of two or more constituent materials to form an overall structure which significantly better in terms of mechanical or chemical properties than the sum of individual material.

Optimised routes have been established to obtain high aspect ratio cellulose microfibrils derived from plant feedstocks, involving a combination of a chemical and mechanical treatment using a high pressure microfluidizer. By this means, nano-cellulose was produced using different pretreatment protocols. The nanofibres produced were characterised fo...

Right from 1970s, the Malaysian government has employed several initiatives with huge allocations expended towards supporting and creating a robust Bumiputra entrepreneurs community that is competitively competent to face the market and thus stimulate economic growth. However, studies showed that government privileges and assistance did little in b...

The main aim of the present work is to study the effect of heat enhancement method on the cooling process of a spherical dimple profile. It was prominently known that introducing dimples configuration causes an enhancement in heat transfer over a surface. In this project, an experimental investigation was carried out to examine the cooling effect o...

Natural gas (HHO)Spark-Ignition Engine (SI) engines are preferred over petrol engines due to environmentally friendly and fuel consumption. Hydrogen-Compressed Natural Gas (HCNG) technology is a promising alternative to conventional compressed natural gas engines because hydrogen has stable lean burn characteristics. An experimental test was perfor...

Additive Manufacturing techniques enable freeform fabricating even for complex design part. Human bone is consisted of porous structure and therefore, Additive Manufacturing has made production of low quantity with individual personalisation and as complex as real human bone now possible. ABS as potential material was utilized and porously designed...

Wire electrical discharge turning (WEDT) allows success in the machining of advanced materials, particularly for the cylindrical shape components used in the metrology, medical and aerospace field. Using WEDT technology, the micro dimension of geometrical features can be machined without constraints on difficult-to-machine electrically conductive m...

Up-gradation of wireless communication system is mainly based on some critical attributes like speed, coverage, interoperability, reliability, cost, security etc. This paper looks potential approaches to network quality analysis based on mobility. In this paper, focus is given to determine handover latency, vital property of mobility. This paper pr...

In the present study, 8 experiments were conducted in dry cutting and compressed air using full factorial design. The controlled parameters are the cutting speed (20 40 m/min), the feed rate (0.1 0.2 mm/tooth) and the fixed depth of cut (0.1 mm), respectively. The result depicted that the duration of tool life can be extended up 46.3 min with lowes...

This research focuses on the use of the DMAIC method (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control) as a Six Sigma approach in studying oil spill fingerprint of samples recovered from Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah (East Malaysia). The DMAIC approach in this study was used as a way to classify oil types based on data obtained from GC-FID and GC-MS...

Malaysia has been practising manufacturing practices brought by the West and East which aim purely for materialism. This phenomenon causes a variety of problems in the manufacturing sector in this country, such as the erosion of the humanity, environmental pollution and exploitation of human labor. Manufacturing practices that are not based on the...

Nowadays modern manufacturing demands advanced computer controller, having higher input language and less proprietary vendor dependencies. STEP stands for Standard for the Exchange of Product model data is the next generation of data model between CAD/CAM and CNC system. STEP is still under research and development all around the world. This paper...

The health care industry in Malaysia was the fastest-growth industry over the past few years. In today’s competitive business environment, companies focus on improving sustainability to reduce cost and improve well-being of the environment and society. However, there are limited published studies on the evaluation of sustainability performance for...

If the workers continuously perform the activities throughout the working hours, they may experience prolonged standing which creates fatigue and causes an occupational hazard which includes slips and falls. The goal of this study was to identify awkward postures during food production activities. 40 workers with minimum of 1 year experience workin...

This study aims at identifying the ideal characteristics of a virtual speaking buddy (VirSbud), as perceived by the teachers, so that the current VirSbud application can be further developed to meet the users’ expectation. Employing a qualitative approach, an in-depth group interviews was conducted with five English language teachers teaching in St...

AM which embrace as a new range technology of creating and producing end user parts in term of adding material layer by layer to create solid objects from 3D CAD data. AM, in particular Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) used (ABS) thermoplastic, have shown the most popular among the industry as its technology can print complex geometrical part withou...

Inconel 718 has been widely used in aerospace because of its excellent mechanical properties such as good corrosion resistance, strong creep resistance and high fatigue strength. However, these excellent properties also lead to heavy tool damage and high cutting force in the milling process. There is no reported investigation on ultrasonic assisted...

Learning a second language is not an easy task. Learners need to have enough support in terms of learning materials in order to be successful in mastering the language. One of the common problems faced by the second language learners is the difficulty to find the learning materials to develop their speaking skills. This is in contrast to the materi...

Functional parts require high a level of strength and the current Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) cannot be fully utilized as the end used parts. The poor mechanical strength is caused by the incomplete layer bonding during the printing process. In the printing process, the interlayer bonding is made too quick thus the layers are not fully fused t...

This paper presents the free space and on-body performance comparison of microstrip patch antennas operating at 2.45 GHz Industrial, Science, and Medical (ISM) band for body-centric wireless communications application. The performance comparison of three model microstrip patch antennas, namely rigid, hybrid, and textile is performed in CST Microwav...

In this study, the effects of mandrel geometry on the crashworthiness performance of the fabric plain weave /epoxy hexagonal tubes are investigated. The energy absorption capacity of the tubes is investigated under uniaxial compression. An experimental, the crushing behaviour of composite hexagonally with aspect ratio 70 and different hexagonal an...

The application of hybrid composite materials has increased due to their strength and light weight ratio. Edge trimming of these materials was extremely difficult due to the anisotropic and non-homogeneous structures of CFRP and ductile nature of aluminium. This research was focused on edge trimming process via down milling operation. Three cutting...

Retirement income inadequacy is one of the major problems to the private sector workforce with defined contribution retirement scheme. It is believed the existing system of Employees Provident Fund (EPF) in Malaysia adopted of lump-sum payment of their retirement benefits should be replaced by annuity-based scheme which can control the total retire...