Russ Clay

University of Virginia | UVa · School of Medicine

The Sepsis-3 taskforce defined sepsis as suspicion of infection and an acute rise in the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score by 2 points over the preinfection baseline. Sepsis-3 studies, though, have not distinguished between acute and chronic organ failure, and may not accurately reflect the epidemiology, natural history, or impact of sepsis...

Objective: The ratio of the partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen is a key component of the sequential organ failure assessment score that operationally defines sepsis. But, it is calculated infrequently due to the need for the acquisition of an arterial blood gas. So, we sought to find an optimal imputation strategy f...

Twenty-nine teams involving 61 analysts used the same data set to address the same research question: whether soccer referees are more likely to give red cards to dark-skin-toned players than to light-skin-toned players. Analytic approaches varied widely across the teams, and the estimated effect sizes ranged from 0.89 to 2.93 (Mdn = 1.31) in odds-...

Twenty-nine teams involving 61 analysts used the same dataset to address the same research question: whether soccer referees are more likely to give red cards to dark skin toned players than light skin toned players. Analytic approaches varied widely across teams, and estimated effect sizes ranged from 0.89 to 2.93 in odds ratio units, with a media...

Twenty-nine teams involving 61 analysts used the same dataset to address the same research question: whether soccer referees are more likely to give red cards to dark skin toned players than light skin toned players. Analytic approaches varied widely across teams, and estimated effect sizes ranged from 0.89 to 2.93 in odds ratio units, with a media...

Using a dual-process model framework, this research examined whether right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and social dominance orientation (SDO) are differentially associated with adolescent delinquency. In Study 1 (N = 847; Mage = 15.96) and Study 2 (N = 340; Mage = 16.64), adolescents completed measures of RWA, SDO, and engagement in different forms...

Considerable research attention has focused on dispositional traits (e.g. worldview beliefs, personality) as predictors of ideological attitudes, suggesting that ideology tends to be consistent in individuals over time. However, an emerging approach suggests that ideological attitudes may play a functional role associated with coalition affiliation...

The present research utilized evolutionary theory to examine the relation between the behavioral immune system (i.e., disgust sensitivity) and attitudes about vaccines. The findings from the studies suggest that higher levels of dispositional disgust sensitivity is predictive of more negative attitudes toward vaccines. These findings are consistent...

The behavioral immune system (BIS) is a set of psychological mechanisms that evolved to serve a disease-avoidance function (Schaller, 2006). As other people are a primary source of disease transmission, the BIS plays a role in the development of social attitudes and beliefs. In particular, considerable evidence has demonstrated that the BIS is asso...

Empirically analyzing empirical evidence One of the central goals in any scientific endeavor is to understand causality. Experiments that seek to demonstrate a cause/effect relation most often manipulate the postulated causal factor. Aarts et al. describe the replication of 100 experiments reported in papers published in 2008 in three high-ranking...

Previous research has indicated that females are more likely than males to endorse collectivistic values and religious conservatism. The present research investigated an evolutionary explanation for these sex differences. More specifically, the sex differences in social conservatism may be due to variation in the behavioral immune system (BIS). The...

Previous research has indicated that females are more likely than males to endorse collectivistic values and religious conservatism. The present research investigated an evolutionary explanation for these sex differences. More specifically, the sex differences in social conservatism may be due to variation in the behavioral immune system (BIS). The...

Prior research has identified selective exposure (i.e., the tendency to consume information that is consistent with one’s existing beliefs) as a phenomenon that may reduce the likelihood that individuals are exposed to diverse information or perspectives. However, weaknesses associated with techniques commonly used to measure selective exposure hav...

This study used qualitative methods to examine present practices in psychologically assessing and treating torture survivors in National Consortium of Torture Treatment Programs (NCTTP) across the United States. Twenty-five NCTTP Center Directors were contacted and 21 agreed to participate. Seventeen therapists from 10 different centers ultimately...

Reproducibility is a defining feature of science. However, because of strong incentives for innovation and weak incentives for confirmation, direct replication is rarely practiced or published. The Reproducibility Project is an open, large-scale, collaborative effort to systematically examine the rate and predictors of reproducibility in psychologi...

The current study investigated whether intergroup contact through roommate assignment in college dormi-tories affects the academic well-being of minority and majority students at a predominantly White universi-ty. Participants were first-year students randomly assigned to either a majority or minority group roommate. During the beginning and end of...

Cultural variation may be evoked through the interaction between domain-specific psychological mechanisms and environmental conditions (Gangestad, Haselton, & Buss, 2006). One such constellation of mechanisms is the behavioral immune system, a cluster of psychological processes evolved to promote disease-avoidance (Schaller, 2006). Previous researc...

A considerable amount of research indicates that political conservatives and liberals perceive their social worlds very differently, with conservatives perceiving the world more negatively than liberals. Two studies examined how these varying perceptions may develop by exploring the relation between political ideology and attitude formation. In bot...