Ruslan Temirov

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Forschungszentrum Jülich

Scanning probe microscopy makes it possible to image and spectroscopically characterize nanoscale objects, and to manipulate and excite them; even time-resolved experiments are now routinely achieved. This combination of capabilities has enabled proof-of-principle demonstrations of nanoscale devices, including logic operations based on molecular ca...

We present the design and performance of an ultra-high vacuum scanning tunneling microscope (STM) that uses adiabatic demagnetization of electron magnetic moments for controlling its operating temperature ranging between 30 mK and 1 K with an accuracy of up to 7 μK rms. At the same time, high magnetic fields of up to 8 T can be applied perpendicula...

Cooling the junction of a scanning tunneling microscope to millikelvin temperatures is fundamental for high-resolution scanning tunneling spectroscopy. However, accurately determining the junction temperature has proven elusive, due to the microscopic dimension of the junction and its continuous energy exchange with the surrounding environment. Her...

Artificial nanostructures, fabricated by placing atoms or molecules as building blocks in well-defined positions , are a powerful platform in which quantum effects can be studied and exploited. In particular, they offer the opportunity to reduce the electronic interaction between large aromatic molecules and the underlying metallic substrate, if th...

Quantensensoren ermöglichen die Messung physikalischer Größen mit hoher Empfindlichkeit. Ein neuartiger Quantensensor, der auf einem Molekül an der Spitze eines Rastertunnelmikroskops basiert, erlaubt die Messung elektrischer und magnetischer Felder einzelner Atome mit – und das ist der eigentliche Durchbruch – einer räumlichen Auflösung von wenige...

The detection of faint magnetic fields from single-electron and nuclear spins at the atomic scale is a long-standing challenge in physics. While current mobile quantum sensors achieve single-electron spin sensitivity, atomic spatial resolution remains elusive for existing techniques. Here we fabricate a single-molecule quantum sensor at the apex of...

The discrete and charge-separated nature of matter — electrons and nuclei — results in local electrostatic fields that are ubiquitous in nanoscale structures and relevant in catalysis, nanoelectronics and quantum nanoscience. Surface-averaging techniques provide only limited experimental access to these potentials, which are determined by the shape...

Artificial nanostructures, fabricated by placing building blocks such as atoms or molecules in well-defined positions, are a powerful platform in which quantum effects can be studied and exploited on the atomic scale. Here, we report a strategy to significantly reduce the electron-electron coupling between a large planar aromatic molecule and the u...

We employ a scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) cooled to millikelvin temperatures by an adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR) to perform scanning tunnelling spectroscopy (STS) on an atomically clean surface of Al(100) in a superconducting state using normal-metal and superconducting STM tips. Varying the ADR temperatures between 30 mK and...

We employ a scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) cooled to millikelvin temperatures by an adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR) to perform scanning tunnelling spectroscopy (STS) on an atomically clean surface of Al(100) in a superconducting state using normal-metal and superconducting STM tips. Varying the ADR temperatures between 30 mK and...

raphene nanorings are promising model structures to realize persistent ring currents and Aharonov–Bohm effect at the single molecular level. To investigate such intriguing effects, precise molecular characterization is crucial. Here, we combine low-temperature scanning tunneling imaging and spectroscopy with CO functionalized tips and algorithmic d...

Strongly interacting electrons in layered materials give rise to a plethora of emergent phenomena, such as unconventional superconductivity. heavy fermions, and spin textures with non-trivial topology. Similar effects can also be observed in bulk materials, but the advantage of two dimensional (2D) systems is the combination of local accessibility...

We combine low-temperature scanning tunneling spectroscopy, CO functionalized tips and algorithmic data analysis to investigate the electronic structure of the molecular cycloarene C108 (graphene nanoring) adsorbed on a Au(111) surface. We demonstrate that CO functionalized tips enhance the visibility of molecular resonances, both in differential c...

We present the design and performance of an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) scanning tunneling microscope (STM) that uses adiabatic demagnetization of electron magnetic moments for controlling its operating temperature in the range between 30 mK and 1 K with the accuracy of up to 7 μK. The time available for STM experiments at 50 mK is longer than 20 h, at...

Scanning quantum dot microscopy is a recently developed high-resolution microscopy technique that is based on atomic force microscopy and is capable of imaging the electrostatic potential of nanostructures like molecules or single atoms. Recently, it could be shown that it not only yields qualitatively but also quantitatively cutting edge images ev...

We present an extension of the tunneling theory for scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to include different types of electron-vibrational couplings responsible for inelastic contributions to the tunnel current in the strong-coupling limit. It allows for a better understanding of more complex scanning tunneling spectra of molecules on a metallic su...

We present an extension of the tunneling theory for scanning tunneling microcopy (STM) to include different types of vibrational-electronic couplings responsible for inelastic contributions to the tunnel current in the strong-coupling limit. It allows for a better understanding of more complex scanning tunneling spectra of molecules on a metallic s...

Electrostatic phenomena are practically omnipresent on the nanometer length scale and play an important role for example in electronic devices or molecular biology: Diodes and transistors only function because of the electric potential step at their pn-junctions. In flash memory, information is stored in the form of small amounts of charge and the...

We employ density functional theory (DFT) to analyze the dispersion of the electronic state that exists at the commensurate interface between a monolayer of 1,4,5,8-naphthalene-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (NTCDA) and the Ag(111) surface. First, we present and verify a hydrogen-termination approach which allows a meaningful DFT description of t...

Because materials consist of positive nuclei and negative electrons, electric potentials are omnipresent at the atomic scale. However, due to the long range of the Coulomb interaction, large-scale structures completely outshine small ones. This makes the isolation and quantification of the electric potentials that originate from nanoscale objects s...

A modified scheme of scanning tunneling spectroscopy data analysis has been used to reconstruct the band structure of a strongly dispersive two-dimensional unoccupied electronic state located at the commensurate interface between a monolayer of 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) and Ag(111) surface up to the fourth band in the re...

Determination of the molecular Kondo temperature TK poses a challenge in most cases when the experimental temperature cannot be tuned to a sufficient extent. We show how this ambiguity can be resolved if additional control parameters are present, such as magnetic field and mechanical gating. We record the evolution of the differential conductance b...

We present a physically intuitive model of molecular quantum dots beyond the constant interaction approximation. It accurately describes their charging behavior and allows the extraction of important molecular properties that are otherwise experimentally inaccessible. The model is applied to data recorded with a noncontact atomic force microscope o...

Nanotechnology developed from a purely theoretical vision pioneered by Feynman (Eng. Sci. 23(5), 22 (1960), [1]) and popularized, for example, by Drexler (Engines of Creation. Anchor Books (1986), [2]) into a large, scientifically and commercially active field.

Considering organic molecules as the functional building blocks of future nanoscale technology, the question of how to arrange and assemble such building blocks in a bottom-up approach is still open. The scanning probe microscope (SPM) could be a tool of choice; however, SPMbased manipulation was until recently limited to two dimensions (2D). Bindi...

In this paper we review a recently introduced microscopy technique, scanning quantum dot microscopy (SQDM), which delivers quantitative maps of local electrostatic potential near surfaces in three dimensions. The key to achieving SQDM imaging is the functionalization of a scanning probe microscope tip with a π-conjugated molecule that acts as a gat...

The magnetic properties of nanostructures that consist of a small number of atoms or molecules are typically determined by magnetic exchange interactions. Here, we show that non-magnetic, chemical interactions can have a similarly decisive effect if spin-moment-carrying orbitals extend in space and therefore allow the direct coupling of magnetic pr...

Controlled manipulation of single molecules is an important step towards the fabrication of single molecule devices and nanoscale molecular machines. Currently, scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is the only technique that facilitates direct imaging and manipulations of nanometer-sized molecular compounds on surfaces. The technique of hand-controlled...

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.079903

We introduce a scanning probe technique that enables three-dimensional imaging of local electrostatic potential fields with subnanometer resolution. Registering single electron charging events of a molecular quantum dot attached to the tip of an atomic force microscope operated at 5 K, equipped with a qPlus tuning fork, we image the quadrupole fiel...

A thus far unknown phase of 1,4,5,8-naphthalene-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTCDA) on Ag(111), characterized by an all perpendicular orientation of the planar molecules and bound to the Ag substrate through the carboxyl oxygen atoms has been identified using infrared absorption spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy. Its formation process...

If the tunnelling junction of a scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) is functionalized with a nanoscale particle, such as a hydrogen or carbon monoxide molecule or a xenon atom, this particle effectively acts as a nanoscale force sensor. It senses forces stemming from the sample and transduces them into a measurable conductance signal. With this hy...

By means of low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS), we have investigated the adsorption of single Au atoms on a PTCDA monolayer physisorbed on the Au(111) surface. A chemical reaction between the Au atom and the PTCDA molecule leads to the formation of a radical that has an unpaired electron in its highest occupi...

Considering studies of molecular adsorption we review recent developments in the field of scanning probe microscopy and in particular in scanning tunnelling microscopy, concentrating on the progress that has been achieved by controlled decoration of the microscope tip. A view is presented according to which the tip decoration generally introduces a...

Van der Waals (vdW) forces act ubiquitously in condensed matter. Despite being weak on an atomic level, they substantially influence molecular and biological systems due to their long range and system-size scaling. The difficulty to isolate and measure vdW forces on a single-molecule level causes our present understanding to be strongly theory base...

One of the paramount goals in nanotechnology is molecular-scale functional design, which includes arranging molecules into complex structures at will. The first steps towards this goal were made through the invention of the scanning probe microscope (SPM), which put single-atom and single-molecule manipulation into practice for the first time. Exte...

Recently, the family of high-resolution scanning probe imaging techniques using decorated tips has been complimented by a method based on inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS). The new technique resolves the inner structure of organic molecules by mapping the vibrational energy of a single carbonmonoxide (CO) molecule positioned at the a...

Disclosed is a method for measuring the force interaction caused by a sample, wherein a bias voltage, with respect to the sample, is applied between a tip, and the tip is guided at such a small distance to the sample that a measurable current flows between the tip and the sample, and a sensor and signal converter S, which changes the current flowin...

High resolution Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy (STM) imaging with functionalized tips is well established, but a detailed understanding of the imaging mechanism is still missing. We present a numerical STM/AFM model, which takes into account the relaxation of the probe due to the tip-sample interaction. We demonstr...

Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) plays an important role in the investigation of molecular adsorption. The possibility to probe the molecule-surface interaction while tuning its strength through SPM tip-induced single-molecule manipulation has particularly promising potential to yield new insights. We recently reported experiments, in which 3,4,9,10...

Before transport data can be understood quantitatively, a few prerequisites have to be fulfilled: the geometric and the electronic structures of the metal/molecule contacts have to be known, and electron correlation effects have to be taken into account. Here we discuss experimental and theoretical approaches to tackle these challenges. On the theo...

The potassium-induced missing row reconstruction of Ag(110) is used to selectively modify the local chemical interaction between the functional anhydride groups of 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride (PTCDA) and Ag(110). We find a significant upward shift of the anhydride groups, while the adsorption height of the perylene core is essenti...

The origin of the interface formation appearing due to the realization of contacts to ultrathin gold nanowire devices is revealed. Such interfaces play an important role in transport mechanisms in nanowire structures and can determine the electrical and operating parameters of a nanodevice. Based on experimental results, the specific electrical pro...

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) tips decorated with either a single carbon monoxide molecule or a single xenon atom are characterized by simultaneous force and conductance measurements using a combined low-temperature noncontact atomic force and scanning tunneling microscope (NC-AFM/STM). It is shown that in both cases the particle decorating t...

Disclosed is a method for examining a sample using a scanning tunneling microscope, wherein before or during image recording, a contrast agent is applied to at least one location on the tip of the scanning tunneling microscope and/or on the sample, which is part of the tunneling contact during the image recording, while a temperature less than or e...

Based on single molecule manipulation experiments in a combined scanning tunneling microscope/frequency modulated atomic force microscope, we quantify the individual binding energy contributions to an organic-metal bond experimentally. The method allows the determination of contributions from, e.g., local chemical bonds, metal-molecule hybridizatio...

We present evidence for a partly chemisorptive bonding between single monolayers of copper-II-phthalocyanine (CuPc) and 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride (PTCDA) that are stacked on Ag(111). A commensurate registry between the two molecular layers and the substrate, i.e., a common crystallographic lattice for CuPc and PTCDA films as wel...

Scanning probe microscopy with a dynamic AFM has been able to answer some fundamental questions of surface science, like the force necessary to move an atom[1]. Recently, we demonstrated the gradual removal of a single 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic-dianhydride (PTCDA) molecule from Ag(111) using a dynamic AFM [2]. The continuous force gradient m...

Atome oder kleine Moleküle zwischen Spitze und Oberfläche verbessern die Auflösung eines Rastertunnelmikroskops und machen so die chemisch-geometrische Struktur einzelner Moleküle sichtbar. Damit lassen sich auch Wechselwirkungen zwischen Molekülen abbilden, etwa Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen.

The understanding and control of epitaxial growth of organic thin films is of crucial importance in order to optimize the performance of future electronic devices. In particular, the start of the submonolayer growth plays an important role since it often determines the structure of the first layer and subsequently of the entire molecular film. We h...

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.84.239906

Individual Xe atoms as well as single CO and CH(4) molecules adsorbed at the tip apex of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) function as microscopic force sensors that change the tunneling current in response to the forces acting from the surface. An STM equipped with any of these sensors is able to image the short-range Pauli repulsion and thus...

Lifting a single molecular wire off the surface with a combined frequency-modulated atomic force and tunneling microscope it is possible to monitor the evolution of both the wire configuration and the contacts simultaneously with the transport conductance experiment. In particular, critical points where individual bonds to the surface are broken an...

A surface-adsorbed molecule is contacted with the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) at a pre-defined atom. On tip retraction, the molecule is peeled off the surface. During this experiment, a two-dimensional differential conductance map is measured on the plane spanned by the bias voltage and the tip-surface distance. The conductance map...

Die Erfindung des Rastertunnelmikroskops im Jahre 1981 hat die Oberflächenforschung revolutioniert und darüber hinaus einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Entstehung der Nanotechnologie geleistet. Erstmals war es möglich, atomare Strukturen direkt sichtbar zu machen. Durch eine einfache Modifikation des Tunnelkontakts kann die Auflösung eines Rastertunnelmi...

The electronic spectrum of a chemically contacted molecule in the junction of a scanning tunneling microscope can be modified by tip retraction. We analyze this effect by a combination of density functional, many-body perturbation and numerical renormalization group theory, taking into account both the non-locality and the dynamics of electronic co...

The dynamics of a molecular junction consisting of a PTCDA molecule between the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope and a Ag(111) surface have been investigated experimentally and theoretically. Repeated switching of a PTCDA molecule between two conductance states is studied by low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy for the first time, an...

Local, noncovalent intermolecular interactions in organic monolayers have been directly imaged using scanning tunneling hydrogen microscopy (STHM). Unprecedented spatial resolution directly reveals the relation between the intermolecular interactions, the molecular chemical structure, and the ordering in the film.

A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) has been equipped with a nanoscale force sensor and signal transducer composed of a single D2 molecule that is confined in the STM junction. The uncalibrated sensor is used to obtain ultra-high geometric image resolution of a complex organic molecule adsorbed on a noble metal surface. By means of conductance-di...

Normal incidence x-ray standing wave (NIXSW) experiments have been performed for monolayers of 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride (PTCDA) adsorbed on the Ag(111) surface. Two phases were analyzed: the low-temperature phase (LT phase), which is disordered and obtained for deposition at substrate temperatures below 150 K, and the ordered p...

With the invention of scanning probe techniques, direct imaging of single atoms and molecules became possible. Today, scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) routinely provides angstrom-scale image resolution. At the same time, however, STM images suffer from a serious drawback - the absence of chemical information. Here we demonstrate a modification...

IntroductionBondingStructureFunctionConclusion AcknowledgementsReferences

Systematic local spectroscopy of the affinity levels, by means of a scanning tunneling microscope, in highly ordered molecular semiconductor films of tetracene reveals strong energy level shifts by up to approximately 1.0 eV from molecule to molecule. This final state effect can be traced back to the site specificity of the polarization energy in o...

Using a scanning tunneling microscope we have measured the quantum conductance through a PTCDA molecule for different configurations of the tip-molecule-surface junction. A peculiar conductance resonance arises at the Fermi level for certain tip to surface distances. We have relaxed the molecular junction coordinates and calculated transport by mea...

The interplay between the substrate bonding of a large π-conjugated semiconductor molecule and the dynamical properties of the metal–organic interface is studied, employing the prototypical PTCDA/Ag(111) monolayer as an example. Both the coupling of molecular vibrations to the electron–hole-pair continuum of the metal surface and the inelastic scat...

We report a new contrast mechanism in which scanning tunnelling micrographs of a certain class of molecules resemble chemists' structure formulae. The method is based on adding molecular hydrogen below its condensation temperature to the tunnelling junction of a low-temperature scanning tunnelling microscope. In the presence of hydrogen, the scanni...