Rupam Kumar Das

University of Exeter | UoE · Department of Engineering

This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of energy harvesting solutions for self-powering cardiovascular implantable medical devices. It explores different types of energy harvesters, including Triboelectric Nanogenerators (TENG), Piezoelectric Nanogenerators (PENG), Thermoelectric Generators (TEG), and Biofuel cells, along with novel materia...

Arteriovenous grafts (AVGs) are indispensable life-saving implants for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients undergoing hemodialysis. However, AVGs will often fail due to postoperative complications such as cellular accumulation termed restenosis, blood clots, and infections, which are dominant causes of morbidity and mortality. A new generation of...

Careful design and material selection are the most beneficial strategies to ensure successful implantation and mitigate the failure of a neural probe in the long term. In order to realize a fully flexible implantable system, the probe should be easily manipulated by neuroscientists, with the potential to bend up to 90°. This paper investigates the...

Implantable electronic neural interfaces typically take the form of probes and are made with rigid materials such as silicon and metals. These have advantages such as compatibility with integrated microchips, simple implantation and high-density nanofabrication but tend to be lacking in terms of biointegration, biocompatibility and durability due t...

Cardiovascular disease continues to be one of the dominant causes of global mortality. One effective treatment is to utilize cardiovascular implantable devices (cIMDs) with multi‐functional cell sensing and monitoring features that have the potential to manipulate cardiovascular hyperplasia disorders as well as provide therapy. However, batteries w...

Electrical neurostimulation has been used successfully as a technique in both research and clinical contexts for over a century. Despite significant progress, inherent problems remain, hence there has been a drive for novel neurostimulation modalities including ultrasonic, magnetic, and optical, which have the potential to be less invasive, have en...

Neuromodulation is of great importance both as a fundamental neuroscience research tool for analyzing and understanding the brain function, and as a therapeutic avenue for treating brain disorders. Here, an overview of conceptual and technical progress in developing neuromodulation strategies is provided, and it is suggested that recent advances in...

The fifth-generation (5G) network is a fast-growing technology that impacts personal devices for both society and the economy. With the widespread Internet of Things (IoT) devices in such networks, powering and exploring energy to operate them is vital in the 5G era. Therefore, projecting and forecasting how to power IoT devices in the 5G network h...

As COVID-19 hounds the world, the common cause of finding a swift solution to manage the pandemic has brought together researchers, institutions, governments, and society at large. The Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI) — including Machine Learning (ML) and Big Data analytics — as well as Robotics and Blockchain, are the four de...

Neurological diseases are a prevalent cause of global mortality and are of growing concern when considering an ageing global population. Traditional treatments are accompanied by serious side effects including repeated treatment sessions, invasive surgeries, or infections. For example, in the case of deep brain stimulation, large, stiff, and batter...

Implantable neural devices are the most widely applied tools in neuroscience research as well as neuroprosthetics to record neural signal activities at single‐neuron and sub‐millisecond resolution. However, lack of mechanical compatibility between the traditional rigid probes and brain tissues causes neuroinflammatory responses and deteriorate reco...

The human eye contains multiple biomarkers related to various diseases, making electronic contact lens an ideal non-invasive platform for their diagnosis and treatment. Recent advances in technology have enabled the monitoring and diagnosis of glaucoma from Intraocular Pressure (IOP) detection, diabetes from glucose concentration detections, and ot...

Electronic contact lenses can be used for non‐invasively monitoring vital human signs and medical parameters. However, maintaining a secure communications connection and a self‐sustainable power source are still looming challenges. This paper demonstrates a proof of concept electronic contact lens that includes a spiral antenna with its wireless ci...

Implantable neural interfacing devices have added significantly to neural engineering by introducing the low-frequency oscillations of small populations of neurons known as local field potential as well as high-frequency action potentials of individual neurons. Regardless of the astounding progression as of late, conventional neural modulating syst...

In this study, a metamaterial-coupled, highly-efficient, miniaturized, and long-range Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) system based on a Cubic High Dielectric Resonator (CHDR) is explored. The proposed WPT system consists of two CHDR metamaterials separated by a distance and excited by two rectangular coils. Initially, this WPT system is analyzed by c...

In this paper, a mobile phone case incorporating electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) material is studied to intercept electromagnetic (EM) waves from the phone and reduce the specific absorption rate (SAR). A loop antenna for the personal communications service 1900-MHz band is considered. In addition, three different mobile phone cases associating EBG s...

In this study, a conformal wideband circularly polarized (CP) antenna is presented for endoscopic capsule application over the 915 MHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) (902–928 MHz) band. The thickness of the antenna is only 0.2 mm, which can be wrapped inside a capsule’s inner wall. By cutting meandered slots on the patch, using open-end s...

This paper presents a multiband conformal antenna for implantable as well as ingestible devices. The proposed antenna has the following three bands: medical implanted communication service (MICS: 402-405 MHz), the midfield band (1.45-1.6 GHz), and the industrial, scientific, and medical band (ISM: 2.4-2.45 GHz) for telemetry or wireless monitoring,...

In the presence of an electrically conducting medical lead, radio frequency (RF) coils in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems may concentrate the RF energy and cause tissue heating near the lead. Here, we present a novel design for a medical lead to reduce this heating by introducing pins. A pin can be taught as an electrical short that connec...

In this letter, we address the telemetry and wireless powering problems associated with the recently invented leadless pacemaker. To overcome the telemetry problem, we propose a conformal spiral type Implantable antenna at Medical Implanted Communication Service (MICS) band. In addition, we also apply the recently proposed midfield wireless power t...

The radio frequency coils in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems induce scattered electric fields in the implanted medical lead and result in tissue heating. A novel structure of the medical lead has been designed to reduce the scattered field. Proposed metal nails are placed along the medical lead. The scattered electric field is calculated n...