Rupa Chanda

• PhD
• Professor at Indian Institute of Management Bangalore

This article examines the effects of tariff and non-tariff reductions on firm-level productivity of large as well as Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in India’s manufacturing sector for the 1999–2009 period. We calculate input and final goods tariffs, effective rates of protection and non-tariff barriers (NTBs) for broad product groups u...

Tariff liberalization has a significant bearing on firm performance. Existing theoretical studies predict that input tariff liberalization would raise firm-level markups while final goods tariff liberalization would lower markups. This paper examines whether this two-sided effect holds for Indian manufacturing firms and the role of size and classif...

This paper examines the effects of tariff and non-tariff reductions on firm-level productivity and markups of large as well as Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in India’s manufacturing sector for the 1999-2009 period. We calculate input and final goods tariffs, effective rates of protection (ERP) and non-tariff barriers (NTBs) for broad...

We examine the impact of tariff and non-tariff reductions on firm-level gross value of output (GVO) and productivity for various types of Indian manufacturing MSMEs for the 2002–2007 period. We merge the 3rd (2001–2002) and 4th (2006–2007) All India Census data on Indian MSMEs to create a novel dataset that includes micro-enterprises and to calcula...

We examine the performance of different types of Indian manufacturing firms for the 1999–2004 and the 2004–09 periods, before and after significant trade liberalization took place under the Export-Import (EXIM) policy of 2004–09. Based on firm-level balanced panel data from the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) Prowess database, we assess...

The textile industry is one of India’s major industries in terms of output, investment, and employment. It accounted for 4 % of India’s GDP, 14 % of total industrial production, and 11 % of total export earnings in 2012. The industry employs around 45 million people, second only to agriculture. A wide range of textile products are produced and expo...

Regional integration in services in South Asia holds considerable potential across many services. This article highlights the scope for and potential benefits from regional integration of services in this region and the many sectoral as well as cross-cutting challenges to this process. The article argues that there are regulatory, infrastructural,...

This chapter discusses trends in services in India and Pakistan and assesses the feasibility of developing trade and investment relations between the two countries in services. In both countries, services contribute significantly to output, but India has outperformed Pakistan on services growth, trade, and investment flows. Competitiveness indicato...

Foreign investment in health services has grown over the past decade, taking a variety of forms and involving a growing number of developed and developing countries. Recent data confirms that developed countries remain the leading sources for investment in health and social activities, as measured by the number of overseas affiliates. This article...

The migration of skilled labour is a matter of primary significance in the context of India–European Union (EU) relations. Over the past two decades, skilled migration from India to the EU and vice versa has mainly been associated with knowledge transfer to support the operations of EU-based multinational corporations (MNCs) present in India. In re...

The key arguments of this chapter are as follows: Medical tourism flows have reversed in recent years with increasing numbers of patients travelling from high- to low- and middle-income countries; drawn by cheaper prices, greater availability and increased privacy. It is difficult to know precisely how much medical tourism takes place because data...

The recognition of diaspora contributions towards their home country through remittances, investments and networks has facilitated a shift in attitude and thinking regarding migration, from brain drain to “brain bank”, “brain gain”, “brain trust” and “brain circulation”. This shift in thinking is also evident in India in recognition of the manifold...

India has had long-standing investment ties with various EU countries. Many EU countries are significant investors in India and several EU-based MNCs have business operations in India. Of late, Indian investments in the EU have also gained importance. Leading Indian IT companies have established local presence through branches and subsidiaries in s...

The Portuguese colonial era in India began in 1502 and ended in 1961 with the annexation of Goa by India. This long standing colonial relationship led to a deep-rooted historical, cultural and social relationship between Goa and Portugal. Migration from Goa to Portugal, over different periods, played an important part in forging this relationship....

One of the most significant changes in recent years has been an evolution in the role of education in the global arena. As education has increasingly assumed the role of a tradeable service, countries from all parts of the world have become active participants in the ongoing internationalization of higher education. One of the key outcomes of this...

Services have been a key driver of overall economic growth in South Asia since the 1990s. This paper examines how the growth of services output, trade and investment have affected service sector employment in South Asia and the extent to which countries in this region are pro-actively undertaking skill development, training, and human resource mana...

The development of European policies on higher education in the last two decades has facilitated and encouraged (inward) non-European student mobility. This paper examines the issue of student mobility between two European host countries, namely Germany and France and a leading source country, namely India.Often regarded as the “middle players”, th...

Introduction estimated at US36 billion and employing over four million people, the Indian health care sector is one of the largest service sectors in the economy today. With a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15 per cent, the Indian health care sector is expected to reach US$280 billion by 2020. A 2003 report titled India's New Opportunity: 20...

This book analyses the prospects for services integration in South Asia, focusing on member countries of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) - India, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives. SAARC turned to trade promotion in order to achieve greater regional integration, starting with the signing o...

With increasing globalization, many countries are considering opening their health systems to greater cross-border movement of patients. This is usually done from the viewpoint of a multi-lateral trade relationship. This paper considers the issues that arise from this debate from a bi-lateral perspective. A systematic literature review was carried...

Improvements in communication and information technologies have allowed for the globalisation of health services, especially the provision of health services from other countries, such as the use of telemedicine. This has led countries to evaluate their position on whether and to what extent they should open their health systems to trade. This ofte...

Discussion guide used to conduct the interviews

Appendix A. Discussion Guide for Medical Tourism Importer. A sample discussion guide used in carrying out the interviews.

Globalisation has prompted countries to evaluate their position on trade in health services. However, this is often done from a multi-lateral, rather than a regional or bi-lateral perspective. In a previous review, we concluded that most of the issues raised could be better addressed from a bi-lateral relationship. We report here the results of a q...

India and the EU are currently negotiating a Trade and Investment Agreement which also covers services. This paper examines the opportunities for and constraints to India-EU relations in health services in the context of this agreement, focusing on the EU as a market for India's health services exports and collaboration. The paper provides an overv...

In this era of globalization, every region and country in the world is pursuing some kind of integration to further its economic, geo-political, and strategic interests. This book explores the prospects for and challenges to services integration in South Asia through an in-depth analysis of some representative services-telecommunications, energy, t...

This paper analyzes the prospects for liberalizing financial services under the GATS, in view of India’s interests and concerns in this sector. The paper consists of seven sections. Section 2 discusses global trends in financial services and the internationalization of this sector. Section 3 discusses in detail the nature of India’s financial s...

Temporary cross-border movement of service providers is a form of trade in labour services. The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) provides a framework for liberalizing such trade fl ows. There has, however, been little progress in the GATS negotiations on movement of service providers or mode 4, especially with regard to low-skilled mov...

In recent years, India has concluded several bilateral and regional agreements with countries in East and Southeast Asia. This paper discusses four motivating factors underlying these initiatives: (i) the recognition by other Asian countries of India's growing importance as an investment and export market, as a supplier of manpower, and as a counte...

The supervision of a domestic health system in the context of the trade environment in the 21st century needs a sophisticated understanding of how trade in health services affects, and will affect, a country's health system and policy. This notion places a premium on people engaged in the health sector understanding the importance of a comprehensiv...

This paper examines India's role in services outsourcing within Asia. It provides a brief overview of the global as well as Indian services outsourcing industry. The core section examines India's relationship with other Asian countries such as China, the Philippines, Vietnam, and Malaysia in service outsourcing. It examines the extent to which thes...

The Indian software industry is a prime example of globalisation. The industry has been characterised by large cross-border mobility of its skilled labour force. Using a unique survey of Indian software firms, our paper quantifies the extent and impact of mobility on firm behaviour and performance. Cross-border labour mobility in the paper refers t...

Since 1996, the trade between India and Pakistan has been at much higher levels than before. In that year India granted MFN status to Pakistan. India and Pakistan are Members of the South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation (SAARC), they have exchanged tariff concessions under the South Asian Preferential Trading Arrangement (SAPTA) Rounds....

According to the GATS, services can be traded through four different modes of supply, namely, cross border supply, consumption abroad, commercial presence, and movement of natural persons, termed modes 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. There is much evidence to indicate interdependence across these four modes in services trade. There are essentially tw...

We provide a first empirical attempt at understanding the scale and type of skilled migration from the Indian software sector and the consequences for firms experiencing loss of skilled workers. The paper draws on some unique survey evidence of software firms in India. The results are not generally consistent with an adverse or brain drain story bu...

Concerns have been voiced about liberalizing social service such as health and education under the WTO’s General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), and how this may undermine national sovereignty and autonomy in social policy making. This paper indicates that these concerns mainly stem from misunderstandings and lack of information about the GA...

This paper examines the significance of cross-border movement of service suppliers in the Indian economy, with specific focus on the information technology and health care sectors. It examines the nature of labor flows in these two sectors, the facilitating and constraining factors, the role of government policies, and the sectoral as well as wider...

The environmental services sector has been growing rapidly during the last two decades. Moreover, privatization and increasing outward-orientation of environmental services during the 1990s has made this sector an important service sector for negotiations under the new round of GATS.This study explores the nature and structure of the environmental...

Concerns have been voiced about the WTO's encroachment into social service sectors such as health, education, and environment under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and how this may undermine national sovereignty and autonomy in social policy-making. However, most of these concerns stem from misunderstandings and lack of informatio...

In light of the increasing globalization of the health sector, this article examines ways in which health services can be traded, using the mode-wise characterization of trade defined in the General Agreement on Trade in Services. The trade modes include cross- border delivery of health services via physical and electronic means, and cross-border m...

Trade in services has expanded considerably in recent years, However, numerous regulatory barriers constrain such trade, especially when it involves the temporary cross-border movement of labour, also termed, movement of natural persons. Many developing countries have the potential to export services through cross-border movement of professional, s...

This paper examines the effect of trade liberalization on foreign direct investment (FDI) in nontradable, producer services which play a supporting role in the production, trade, and distribution of final tradables goods.. It shows both theoretically and empirically that trade liberalization can have a positive effect on FDI inflows into producer s...

In recent years, child labour has become increasingly linked to important global economic forces such as international trade. In the context of unilateral, regional, and multilateral trade policies, there have been discussions about subjecting products made with child labour to trade penalties and sanctions. These proposals have generated much cont...

This paper studies the implications of the Uruguay Round for Kenya`s own trade regime and its external trading environment. The analysis indicates that Kenya did not undertake significant liberalization commitments under the Uruguay Round. There are however, several effects on Kenya`s external trading environment due to most-favored nation tariff c...

There has been considerable expansion of trade in services in recent years. However, there are numerous nontariff barriers to such trade, especially when such trade occurs through the temporary movement of the service provider to the overseas market or the movement of natural persons. Many developing countries have significant potential for exporti...