Ruckmani Kandasamy- M.Pharm.,PhD
- Managing Director at Anna University ,BIT campus,Tiruchirappalli
Ruckmani Kandasamy
- M.Pharm.,PhD
- Managing Director at Anna University ,BIT campus,Tiruchirappalli
About
283
Publications
216,818
Reads
How we measure 'reads'
A 'read' is counted each time someone views a publication summary (such as the title, abstract, and list of authors), clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the full-text. Learn more
5,320
Citations
Introduction
• Novel drug delivery systems.
• Pulmonary pharmacology
• Herbal medicine/Neutraceuticals
Current institution
Anna University ,BIT campus,Tiruchirappalli
Current position
- Managing Director
Publications
Publications (283)
In recent days, the prerequisite for effective and innovative drug delivery has increased and so the oral film technology (OFT) arena is being explored extensively. Oral films rapidly dissolve and are adsorbed in the buccal cavity; thereby, the incorporated therapeutic agent(s) in them are delivered into the systemic circulation and overcome the fi...
The aim of this work was to formulate zaltoprofen (ZLT) loaded polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30 (PVP K30) nanodispersions to improve the solubility of ZLT. By varying the concentrations of PVP K30 and poloxamer 407 (1:1, 1:2, 2:1 and 2:2) different trials of ZLT nanodispersions were developed by solvent evaporation technique. The effects of formulation va...
In recent decades, increased demand for food has been caused by a rapid rise in the human population, which triggers agricultural intensification. To resist undesired pests from infecting crops, farmers widely utilize pesticides to improve agricultural production during the pre-harvest period. Despite the fact that pesticides cause a number of heal...
Crestal bone preservation around the dental implant for aesthetic and functional success is widely researched and documented over a decade. Several etiological factors were put forth for crestal bone loss; of which biofilm plays a major role. Biofilm is formed by the colonization of wide spectra of bacteria inhabited around dental implants. Bacteri...
Saudi Arabia has a rich culture of folk medicines and three such common herbs used by Saudi people for therapy of breast cancer are Turmeric (Kurkum) Curcuma longa, Chamomile (Babunaj) Matricaria chamomilla, and Aswaghantha (Aswaghadh) Withania somnifera. Hence, the present study aims to develop a polyherbal phytosome formulation by thin film hydra...
Recently naturally acquired excipients with wider scope compared to synthetic excipients are widely used in novel drug delivery systems which directly or indirectly influence the extent and/or rate of drug release and absorption with reduced toxicity. In this regimen, gums obtained from natural sources which are inert, nontoxic, less expensive, bio...
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Ziziphus mauritiana Lam leaves were utilized in treating asthma, diabetes, inflammation, and hepatic diseases in Indian traditional medicine. The leaves were used as an edible vegetables in rural parts of India.
Aim of the study
The aim is to prove the anti-inflammatory activity of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam leaves agai...
Guar gum (GG) is a natural film forming biopolymer used as a drug delivery media for Telmisartan (TS). TS is a poorly water-soluble anti-hypertensive agent with low bioavailability.The present work has been hypothesized by converting TS into nanocrystals by high shear homogenisation to enhance the solubility thereby the bioavailability is expected...
Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst is a creeping herb with good anti-cholinesterase activity and has been used traditionally in India to improve memory and intelligence for many years. The antioxidant activity of the ‘methanolic extract of the leaves of Geophila repens' (MEGR) was determined and found to be high, possibly due to the presence of pheno...
Ziziphus mauritana Lam leaves were used to treat asthma, diabetes, pain, and inflammation in the Indian traditional system of medicine. The leaves of the Ziziphus mauritiana Lam were consumed as a vegetable in Indonesia and India. The present study aims to predict the pharmacokinetic properties of flavonoids identified & quantified through U(H)PLC...
Prebiotics are a class of nutrients, typically non-digestible fibre compounds observed in food which may induce the growth of beneficial microorganisms with greater influence in the gastrointestinal tract and gut microbiota. Prebiotics may pass through the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract and stimulate advantageous bacterial growth. The fun...
Aim
To develop an RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of methotrexate (MTX) and minocycline (MNC).
Background
Different HPLC methods were reported for the estimation of MTX/MNC individually, but there is no report for the simultaneous estimation of both MTX and MNC in a simple method.
Objective
The objective of the developed method is...
Topical administration is considered to be the favored route for ocular drug delivery by virtue of drug penetration into the underlying layers of eye. Targeted delivery of drugs to the ocular tissues especially at the posterior segment of eye is hindered predominantly. Long-term maintenance of therapeutic level of drugs in the ocular tissue (both a...
The present work deals with the preparation and characterization of lignin based macromolecular polymeric composites and applications thereof. Here lignin is complexed with pectin and/ or gellan gum, to form two different macromolecular green composites LP and LPG. The best ratios screened out through evaluation of nanoparticle characterization and...
A simple and cost-effective synthesis method for zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) was developed and loaded with metformin (MET@ZIF-8) for pH sensitive-release behaviour for the treatment of lung cancer. ZIF-8 and MET@ZIF-8 were subjected to particle size, zeta potential analysis and HR-TEM through which it shows evidence that the particles...
Conventional treatment options for lung cancer treatment were restricted due to non-specific nature and side effects, with this associated problem and to overcome this we had developed lumefantrine with nano calcium phosphate loaded lipid nanoparticles (LF- CaP- Ls) affording pH sensitive mechanism. Herein, the present study the in vivo anti-cancer...
Stimuli responsive nanocarriers are gaining much attention due to its versatile multifunctional activities including disease diagnosis and treatment. Recently, clinical applications of nano drug delivery systems for cancer treatment make a considerable challenge due to its limited cellular uptake, low bioavailability, poor targetability, stability...
Herbal products with potential therapeutic and nutritional values are gaining importance among people around the world. Herbal products are generally considered safe for human applications. Extracts from various herbal products or purified bioactive compounds are prepared and marketed in various forms. Polyherbal products are formulations with more...
The aim of this study is to perform the molecular docking, identifying the drug likeness, ADME properties of drugs, Ligand-Protein interactions using different softwares. Due to the excess activity of Acetylcholinesterase, plaque formation and tau protein aggregation in the brain is the main cause for the Alzheimer’s disease. The interaction of Don...
The existing antibiotics are incapable of killing resistant pathogens including E. coli. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) genes are found as one of the main causes of the resistance as it degrades the β- lactam ring of the antibiotics. This study aims at the green synthesis of silver nanocolloids from endophytic fungi Lasiodiplodia theobrom...
Vibrating mesh nebulizers are recognized as the most efficient actuation technique over conventional inhalers for drug deposition. This study explored hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated, ferulic acid (FA) loaded chitosan (CS) nanoparticle (FACHA) aerosolized using vibrating mesh nebulizer as strategic combination of drug, nanocarrier and delivery devic...
Aqueous extract of Mimosa pudica flowers have been used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (MpFNp). MpFNp were characterized by UV–Visible spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, zeta potential, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and particle size distribution by dynamic light sc...
Atherothrombosis is the result of direct interaction between atherosclerotic plaque and arterial thrombosis and is the most common type of cardiovascular disease. As a long term progressive disease, atherosclerosis frequently results in an acute atherothrombotic event through plaque rupture and platelet-rich thrombus formation. The pathophysiology...
In this study the aromatic nanocolloids (CANCs) are synthesized using the noble metal silver by using Citronella extract and confirmed through physio chemical analysis. The synthesised CANCs were evaluated for its antimicrobial activity and antibiofilm activity against pathogenic biofilm forming E. coli. In addition, synthesized CANCs were evaluate...
Aim:
The present work aimed to develop MT loaded solid Nano dispersion by improving its solubility, half-life and bioavailability in biological system thereby this formulation may be afforded economically.
Background:
Small cell lung carcinoma is a type of malignant tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in lung tissues. The potent anti...
Gliotoxin (GT) and fumagillin (FUM) are mycotoxins most abundantly produced by Aspergillus fumigatus during the early stages of infection to cause invasive aspergillosis (IA). Therefore, we hypothesized that GT and FUM could be the possible source of virulence factors, which we put to test adopting in vitro monoculture and the novel integrated mult...
In this study the aromatic nanocolloids (CANCs) are synthesized using the noble metal silver by using Citronella extract and confirmed through physio chemical analysis. The synthesised CANCs were evaluated for its antimicrobial activity and antibiofilm activity against pathogenic biofilm forming E. coli . In addition, synthesized CANCs were evaluat...
Green nanotechnology, uses the extract of plants, microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi and its bioactive compounds for the synthesis of nanoparticles. This research work was focused on synthesis of Endophytic fungal silver nanoparticles (EFNps) from endophytic fungi Lasiodiplodia theobromae isolated from Cinnamomum zeylanicum. The aqueous extr...
Cymbopogon citratus is grown globally for therapeutic application is utilized to synthesize colloidal silver nanoparticles (CcAgNps). CcAgNps are characterized by biophysical methods and are tested against CTXM-15 expressing pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. MIC, MBC and biofilm assays are performed at different concentrations of nanoparticles....
The sequence of biochemical and cellular response restoring the integrity of subcutaneous tissue of skin is termed as wound healing. Inflammatory cytokines suppression and inflammatory transduction cascades are the major targets for wound healing. Formulations for wound healing should promote neovascularization and angiogenic pathways by increasing...
Objective: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an acquired neurological disorder of cognitive and behavioral impairments, with a long and progressive route. Currently, efforts are being made to develop potent drugs that target multiple pathological mechanisms that drive the successful treatment of AD in human beings. The development of nano-drug delivery s...
Typesetting error occurred and author corrections to the numbering of figures and captions at the proofing stage were not incorporated in the published article.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a multifaceted ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates inflammatory responses in asthma pathophysiology. The present study corroborates PPARγ-mediated anti-asthmatic action of the flavonoid, galangin (norizalpinin). In silico molecular interactions reveal that galangin formed...
Anemia is an iron deficiency disease caused by the lack of red blood cells to carry sufficient oxygen to the body tissues. Lipoic acid is naturally occurring organosulfur compound with antioxidant property had chosen for the present work to maintain the red blood cell counts through its redox mechanism. The current study aimed to develop lipoic aci...
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that leads to cartilage destruction, synovial joint inflammation, and bacterial joint/bone infections. In the present work, methotrexate and minocycline-loaded nanoparticles (MMNPs) were developed with an aim to provide relief from inflammation and disease progression/joints stiffness and to control the...
The anticonvulsant potential of aqueous fruit extract of Passiflora caerulea (PCAE) was evaluated in swiss albino mice induced by pilocarpine. The antioxidant activities of PCAE were determined which showed strong antioxidant activity and the polyphenol compounds such as ginsenoside, naringenin, chrysoeriol 8-c-glucoside, luteolin-6-C-glucoside, ap...
Worldwide there is an increasing industrialization leads to increased disposal of uncontrolled waste products into the environment which made the environment more pollute and creates hazards. Industrial wastewater is having a major role in the environmental pollution. The major physical, chemical and biological products of the wastewater are solid...
Skin is the largest organ of the human body that is comprised of outer-epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The stratum corneum (SC), an outermost layer of the five-layered epidermis, acts as a barrier and first line of defense against an external environment. Hence, any xenobiotic needs to bypass the SC to reach other target sites within the skin. T...
![[i] B‐, C‐, C‐SD‐, and CP‐SD‐SLNs of (a) mean particle size and PDI,...](profile/Jamal-Moideen-Muthu-Mohamed/publication/336382076/figure/fig2/AS:11431281176011633@1690003121857/i-B-C-C-SD-and-CP-SD-SLNs-of-a-mean-particle-size-and-PDI-b-zeta-potential_Q320.jpg)
This research is aimed at the preparation of biopolymeric skimmed milk powder (SMP) and pectin coated dual layer solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with soluble curcumin (CMN) to enhance the cytotoxicity of the drug delivered to the colon for colorectal cancer (CRC). The curcumin (C‐) and curcumin solid dispersion (C‐SD) (soluble curcumin) loaded sol...
Biopolymers are attractive new and general means of presenting more stable drug delivery system. This is accomplished by encapsulation of polymers to respective drug molecules which offer formation of bonds between them. In this work, chitosan-coated simvastatin nanoformulation was formulated using a method named solvent evaporation technique, and...
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a disease affecting the macula by the new blood vessels formation. AMD is widely treated with a combination of anti-angiogenic and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents. The topical administration of nanodispersions showed enhanced ocular residence time with controlled and prolonged drug del...
A sensitive HPTLC method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of quercetin (QUR) and resveratrol (RES). The chromatographic separation was achieved using mobile phase toluene:chloroform:ethyl acetate:formic acid (3:2:4.9:0.1% v/v) and densitometric scan performed at 280 nm. The developed method was linear at 2–10 µg/mL with correlation coe...
The present study focused on the isolation of individual caseins (α, β and κ) from defatted cow's milk using lactic acid‐mediated isoelectric precipitation coupled with cold extraction technique, followed by purification using sucrose‐based density gradient centrifugation method. In vitro characterisation of the isolated casein fractions confirmed...
Newly identified organic single crystals of 8-hydroyquinolinium 2-chloro 4-nitrobenzoate (HQ2ClNB) were grown by the slow evaporation solution growth technique (SEST) using methanol as a solvent. It crystallizes in monoclinic crystal system with a space group of P21/c. Crystalline nature and phases were confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD)....
Purpose: To develop a high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC procedure for quantitation of apigenin in ethanol extract of Matricaria chamomilla (Babunaj) flowers, and to evaluate the extract for in vitro cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 cell lines.
Methods: Quantification of apigenin was carried out using a CAMAG TLC system. A combination of to...
In this study, novel upconversion (UC) core–shell NaYF4@NaSmF4 nanoparticles were synthesized
via hydrothermal route which is having a tendency to convert two or more lower energy near IR
photons to single higher energyUV/Visible photon for biomedical imaging and therapeutic
applications. The core (NaYF4) nanoparticles were synthesized by varying s...
Biopolymers are attractive new and general means of presenting more stable drug delivery system. This is accomplished by encapsulation of polymers to respective drug molecules which offer formation of bonds between them. In this work, chitosan-coated simvastatin nanoformulation was formulated using a method named solvent evaporation technique, and...
Edible mushrooms possess health-promoting bioactive compounds and are used throughout the world for their extensive medicinal properties. One of the unique bioactive compounds found in mushrooms is the water-soluble thiol-containing antioxidant amino acid, L-ergothioneine (LE). It is a stable antioxidant molecule and does not degrade at high temper...
The present work aim to develop pH responsive nanosystem comprising lumefantrine with calcium phosphate nanoparticles loaded lipidic cubosomes for the effective treatment of lung cancer. FTIR results showed that, compatibility nature of selected excipients for the synthesis of LF-CaP-Cs. The XRD results showed developed LF-CaP-Cs were non crystalli...
Methotrexate-loaded cubosomes (MTCs) were developed to provide relief from pain/joint stiffness, by affording stable methotrexate concentration at the targeting sites through sustained pattern by non-invasive skin route with enhanced permeation upon skin, for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Non-ionic surfactant poloxamer 188 works to enhance...
Background
The ligand Hpyramol is a redox active, which on coordination with Cu(II) cleaves DNA without any added reductant. Another ligand phendione is known for its wide application towards anticancer activities. We combined the ligands with CuCl2 to have an intercalation moiety and a redox active ligand in participation towards telomere DNA clea...
Chitosan is widely used in ocular drug delivery systems due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and favorable physicochemical characteristics. Chitosan-based ocular drug delivery systems are widely reported to improve the bioavailability at the anterior/posterior pole of the eye due to its mucoadhesive property that helps to increase efficac...
Chitosan is a unique, naturally obtained polysaccharide derived from chitin. As a biomaterial, it attains immense interest for tissue engineering due to its biocompatibility and biodegradation which also exhibits desired properties such as bactericidal, fungicidal, and enhanced immune activity. Chitosan-based materials are mainly focused on fabrica...
Objectives: Antibiotic resistance is one of the most persistent issues worldwide nowadays, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is one such issue where the standard therapeutic procedures involving powerful antibiotics have failed in controlling the infection.Methods: In the present study, the antibacterial potency of th...
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is very common metabolic disorder affecting people of all age groups. The change in life style and environmental factors are the considerable factors which are involved in the development of the disorder. The different parts of medicinal plants vary in their composition of bioactive compounds. There are reports on an...
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common complex multifactorial joint related autoimmune inflammatory disease with unknown etiology accomplished with increased cardiovascular risks. RA is characterized by the clinical findings of synovial inflammation, autoantibody production, and cartilage/bone destruction, cardiovascular, pulmonary and skelet...
Staphylococcal infections associated with indwelling medical devices are difficult to eradicate owing to its recalcitrant nature of biofilms to conventional antibiotics. In our earlier study, we reported the efficacy of geraniol (GE) in inhibiting the in vitro biofilm formation of S. epidermidis and adaptive resistant development. To examine the in...
Over the past few decades, advances in hydrogel technologies have spurred development in the personal care products and medical, pharmaceutical, and agricultural field aspects due to their unique biocompatibility, flexible methods of synthesis, range of constituents, and desirable physical characteristics. Hydrogels are hydrophilic, three-dimension...
Silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by percolated green synthesis method using Coriandrum sativum leaf, root, seed and stem extracts and reported its antibacterial activity. The synthesized Ag NPs were confirmed by UV–visible Spectroscopy, Powder x-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR) Spectroscopy analyzes. The Maxi...
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are considered as a promising nanocarrier for increasing the oral delivery of hydrophobic drugs. The primary objective of the present study is to formulate α-bisabolol loaded SLNs through hot homogenization method and to evaluate its neuroprotective effect in Neuro-2a cells. The physico-chemical characterization of...
In this study, the green synthesis of gum kondagogu capped gold nanoparticles (GK-GNPs) was prepared using a naturally available polysaccharide. The anionic gum capped GK-GNPs enabled the successful coupling of folic acid (FA) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to produce a fluorescently labelled GNP (F2-GNP). F2-GNPs were further characterized...
Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol widely applauded for its cardio-protective and anti-cancer activity, has limited application due to its poor solubility and low bioavailability. Hence, an attempt was made to optimize the preparation of biocompatible resveratrol loaded niosomes (R-niosomes) using non-ionic surfactants and fatty alcohol as stabilize...
β-Sitosterol (BS), a major bioactive constituent present in plants and vegetables has shown potent anticancer effect against many human cancer cells, but the underlying mechanism remain elusive on NSCLC cancers. We found that BS significantly inhibited the growth of A549 cells without harming normal human lung and PBMC cells. Further, BS treatment...
Nanocarriers, in various forms, have the possibility of providing endless opportunities in the area of drug delivery. The purpose of this study was formulation and evaluation of betamethasone sodium phosphate (BSP) loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) using cross-linked chitosan malic acid derivative for better therapeutic effect. The prepared BSP...
Development of newer drug carrier systems by the researchers has resulted in numerous breakthroughs in the development and manufacturing of ocular products. The ocular bioavailability of drugs at the posterior segment of the eye is a challenging task in the present scenario. Naturally derived macromolecular carriers are widely used to increase the...
The aim of the present investigation is the development, optimization and characterization of curcumin-loaded hybrid nanoparticles of vanillin-chitosan coated with super paramagnetic calcium ferrite. The functionally modified vanillin-chitosan was prepared by the Schiff base reaction to enhance the hydrophobic drug encapsulation efficiency. Calcium...
The (E)-2-((2-hydrohy-5-methylphenylimino) methyl) phenol ligand was synthesized. The receptor was characterized by IR, 1H and 13C NMR and CHN analysis. The ligand exhibits colorimetric and fluorometric sensing of Zn2+ and Mg2+ ions in semi-aqueous medium (DMSO-H2O). The receptor was tested with series of transition metal ions (Cr2+, Fe2+, Ni2+, Co...
The oral route of drug administration is mostly preferred by paediatric and geriatric patients. Patient non-compliance due to poor taste and swallowing problems are major issues in paediatric and geriatric drug therapy. Lack of age-appropriate formulations, inadequate labelling instructions, non-compatible and non-palatable medicines are the main r...
Biopolymers are natural substance that contains multiple units of saccharides, nucleic acids, amino acids and they are produced by a variety of mechanisms. The major biopolymer classification based on biopolymers which is derived from microbial systems, extracted from plants or synthesized by chemical methods. Biopolymers have immense application i...
Quorum Sensing (QS) mechanism, a bacterial density-dependent gene expression system, governs the Serratia marcescens pathogenesis through the production of virulence factors and biofilm formation. The present study demonstrates the anti-quorum sensing (anti-QS), antibiofilm potential and in vivo protective effect of phytol, a diterpene alcohol broa...
PCR amplification for the checking the primer efficiencies of QS controlled virulence genes in S. marcescens.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an unfavourable neurological condition of the brain leading to the loss of behavioural and cognitive skills of the aging population. At present, drugs representing cholinesterase inhibitors provide lateral side effects to AD patients. Hence, there is a need for improved fabrication of drugs without side effects, for whic...
The principle objective of this study was to develop and characterize redox responsive polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) as a stimuli responsive drug delivery system. The chitosan-cystamine-poly (ethylene glycol) (CH-SS-mPEG) copolymer was synthesized by conjugation of cystamine appended chitosan with carboxylic acid-terminated mPEG and characterized...
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a life-threatening neurodegenerative disorder leading to dementia, with a progressive decline in memory and other thinking skills of elderly populace. Of the multiple etiological factors of AD, the accumulation of senile plaques (SPs) particularly as Aβ oligomers correlates with the relentlessness cognitive impairment in...
Questions
Questions (2)
I am Dr. K. Ruckmani, Professor & Head, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India. DST sponsored National Facility for Drug Development (NFDD) for Academia, Pharmaceutical and Allied Industries has been established at our department, for which I am the Principal Investigator. NFDD is functioning with a mission to encourage drug discovery and development research at an advanced level. NFDD is being established with a vision of drug development, animal model development for drugs and chemicals of herbal as well as synthetic origin which makes a unique contribution to the global stream. This is also extended to the level of excellence in the areas of research by making collaborations with international research organisations and universities. We have requisite infrastructural facilities and well-established laboratories with sophisticated equipment like LC-MS/MS, H(U)PLC, UV Visible Spectrophotometer, Multimode micro plate reader, Inverted Fluorescent Microscope, Airway Mechanics Analyser (Inhalation Exposure with Whole Body Plethysmograph & Double chamber Plethysmograph), Nano particle and Zeta potential analyser. There is also an established cell culture and molecular biology laboratory, and we predominantly focuse on Pulmonary Research and Nanotoxicology. Since there is an Indo-Austrian Joint Research Collaboration call for, I would like to know whether researcher in the field of nanotoxicology/ drug delivery from Austria could join with me for this grant. This is a programme for Scientific and Technological Co-operation between India and Austria supported by the Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy (BMWFW) on the Austrian side and the Department of Science & Technology (DST) of the Ministry of Science & Technology on the Indian side. This grant covers the funding for exchange visits between India and Austria. I herewith have attached the detailed call for notification and the proposal format in which we are supposed to send a joint application. Kindly reply at the earliest as the deadline closes shortly.
we are working on niosomal formulation of hydrophobic drug. Upon centrifugation, the drug precipitated out. Give a suitable(feasible) method of purification.
