Roshni Biswas

• MDPhD
• Research Scientist at Rush University Medical Center

Background Some oldest-old individuals can maintain superior cognition despite advanced age. Little is known about the neuropathological changes in the brains of oldest-old superior cognitive performers. Objective Our objective was to examine the associations between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and non-AD neuropathologic features in relation to super...

Background Tinnitus prevalence studies report large variability across countries that might be due to inconsistent research methods. Our study aimed to report a single Pan-European estimate for tinnitus prevalence and investigate the effect of individual and country-level characteristics on prevalence. We explored the relationships of healthcare re...

Introduction: Tinnitus is a symptom and not a disease in its own right. A number of medical conditions are known to increase the risk of developing tinnitus. Most known risk factors are otological or neurological, but general health and lifestyle can also precipitate the condition. Understanding these modifiable risk factors can help to identify vu...

Background SuperAgers are individuals who maintain superior cognitive performance despite advanced age. Most studies define SuperAgers as superior performers only in episodic memory. Our aim was to assess in a diverse oldest‐old cohort if superior performance in one domain indicates superior performance in other domains and explore demographic char...

Background Age‐related neuropathologies are common in the oldest‐old and associated with cognitive decline. In this study, we examined the associations of individual and multiple comorbid neuropathologies with cognitive decline in participants who had normal cognition in at least one in‐person visit during their time in The 90+ Study. Method Our s...

Our objective was to examine the association of persistently elevated A1C with global and domain-specific cognitive function, in a large group of older adults with and without diabetes. Our study included 3038 participants from 5 ongoing community-based longitudinal studies of aging and dementia at the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center. Annual evalua...

INTRODUCTION To study the relationship of late‐life hemoglobin A1C (A1C) with postmortem neuropathology in older adults with and without diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS A total of 990 participants from five cohort studies of aging and dementia with at least two annually‐collected A1C measures, who had autopsy. Neuropathologic evaluations documente...

Diabetes increases the risk of dementia, and insulin resistance (IR) has emerged as a potential unifying feature. Here, we review published findings over the past 2 decades on the relation of diabetes and IR to brain health, including those related to cognition and neuropathology, in the Religious Orders Study, the Rush Memory and Aging Project, an...

Background Type‐2 diabetes mellitus is associated with both altered white matter microstructural integrity and increased risk of dementia. However, whether there is a link between the white matter changes in older adults with diabetes and their cognitive decline remains unclear. The objective of this study was to examine the association of diabetes...

Background The overall odds and permutations of neurovascular pathologies (NVP) in older adults living with diabetes or peripheral insulin resistance (PIR) have not been comprehensively investigated. Moreover, specific biological mechanisms linking apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype, NVP, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remain unclear. Here, we examine...

Background Oldest‐old individuals exhibit heterogeneous cognitive function ranging from superior cognitive performance to dementia. Most SuperAger definitions rely on cross‐sectional memory scores. Here, we extend the definition by identifying distinct subgroups based on longitudinal trajectories for memory. We also evaluated longitudinal trajector...

Background Hemoglobin A1C (A1C) is a measure of long‐term glycemic control. In a previous study using a single measure of A1C, we showed that it is related to postmortem cerebrovascular pathology. Here, we use annually collected A1C data to study the relationship of A1C average and variability over time with neuropathology in a large number of olde...

Many people may not realise that they use epidemiologic information to make daily decisions affecting their health. From reading nutritional information on food packaging to walking 10,000 steps every day-these health behaviours are underpinned by epidemiologists’ assessment of risk. Generally speaking, environmental risks to health are defined as...

Background Individuals with superior cognitive performance despite older age are known as SuperAgers. However, gaps in our knowledge of factors related to the ability to maintain this superior level of cognition remain. Our aim was to identify lifestyle factors and mental attitudes 30 years earlier that were related to superior cognition in the old...

Introduction: The association between neuropathological changes and dementia among centenarians and nonagenarians remains unclear. Methods: We examined brain tissue from 100 centenarians and 297 nonagenarians from The 90+ Study, a community-based longitudinal study of aging. We determined the prevalence of 10 neuropathological changes and compar...

Aims/Hypothesis Identifying risk factors for tinnitus could facilitate not only the recommendations for prevention measures, but also identifying potential pathways for new interventions. This study reports the first comprehensive systematic review of analytical observational studies able to provide information about causality (i.e., case–control a...

The European School for Interdisciplinary Tinnitus Research (ESIT) is an EU-funded doctoral training network. ESIT is a consortium of 12 universities, over 30 commercial and not‐for‐profit organizations, and 15 PhD students providing cutting-edge education across 10 European countries to develop highly knowledgeable and innovative experts in the fi...

Background: The Marie-Skłodowska-Curie Actions’ (MSCA) Innovative Training Network (ITN) is a doctoral training programme jointly implemented by academic institutions and industries from countries across Europe and beyond. To our knowledge no study has examined the experience of students participating in MSCA-ITNs. This study aims to evaluate and r...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.647285.].

Subjective tinnitus is defined as the conscious perception of an auditory sensation in the absence of a corresponding external stimulus. Severe tinnitus can significantly affect physical and mental well-being while incurring substantial social and financial costs on the individual and society. Nonetheless, tinnitus research and financial investment...

Tinnitus can be a burdensome condition on both individual and societal levels. Many aspects of this condition remain elusive, including its underlying mechanisms, ultimately hindering the development of a cure. Interdisciplinary approaches are required to overcome long-established research challenges. This review summarizes current knowledge in var...

The original version of this chapter unfortunately contained two errors: in author name and order of author.

Background: The Marie-Skłodowska-Curie Actions’ (MSCA) Innovative Training Network (ITN) is a doctoral training programme jointly implemented by academic institutions and industries from countries across Europe and beyond. To our knowledge no study has examined the experience of students participating in MSCA-ITNs. This study aims to evaluate and r...

Background: The Marie-Skłodowska-Curie Actions’ (MSCA) Innovative Training Network (ITN) is a doctoral training programme jointly implemented by academic institutions and industries from countries across Europe and beyond. To our knowledge no study has examined the experience of students participating in MSCA-ITNs. This study aims to evaluate and r...

This volume has highlighted the many recent advances in tinnitus theory, models, diagnostics, therapies, and therapeutics. But tinnitus knowledge is far from complete. In this chapter, contributors to the Behavioral Neuroscience of Tinnitus consider emerging topics and areas of research needed in light of recent findings. New research avenues and m...

How many people are affected by tinnitus? Is the risk of developing tinnitus on the rise or has it been declining over time? What modifiable lifestyle factors could help to prevent tinnitus? These population-based questions can be addressed through epidemiological research. Epidemiology refers to the underlying and basic science of public health. I...

The original version of this chapter unfortunately contained errors in chapter title and keywords. The correct chapter title is “Prevalence, Incidence and Risk Factors for Tinnitus”.

Background: Intestinal and multivisceral transplantation are treatment options for patients with intestinal failure. Transplantation is often complicated by abdominal and/or bloodstream infections in the post-operative period. Methods: A retrospective chart review of all adults who underwent intestinal or multivisceral transplantation at our ins...

Severe tinnitus has been shown to be strongly associated with depression and anxiety, and the only established approach to treat tinnitus is cognitive behavioral therapy. Our research group recently reported that the tinnitus-associated mental health burden is greater in women than in men, likely due to higher levels of anxiety and stress. Most of...

Background: The heterogeneity of tinnitus is substantial. Its numerous pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical manifestations have hampered fundamental and treatment research significantly. A decade ago, the Tinnitus Research Initiative introduced the Tinnitus Sample Case History Questionnaire, a case history instrument for standardised collect...

Introduction: Prevalence estimates depend largely on the nature of the question asked to define the presence of the health condition, and the literature on the population burden of tinnitus and hearing difficulties is no different in this respect. The lack of standardized questions for data collection limits comparison across studies and across co...

A rise in new HIV diagnoses among older adults is characterized by poor prognosis and reduced survival times. Although heterosexual transmission remains the main route of infection in women, little is known regarding immune functions in the genital tract of postmenopausal women, especially those who are HIV positive. Furthermore, effects of hormone...

Problem: Adolescent girls are disproportionately affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic, accounting for 22% of all new HIV infections globally. Yet little is known regarding the immune microenvironment of the adolescent female reproductive tract, especially regarding differences among sexually active and inactive girls, a critical parameter to evaluate...