Rosemary Anne McFarlane

• B.V.Sc.; M.Ecosyst.Mgt; PhD
• University of Canberra

Viruses that originate in bats may be the most notorious emerging zoonoses that spill over from wildlife into domestic animals and humans. Understand-ing how these infections filter through ecological systems to cause disease in humans is of profound importance to public health. Transmission of viruses from bats to humans requires a hierarchy of en...

Humans create ecologically simplified landscapes that favour some wildlife species, but not others. Here, we explore the possibility that those species that tolerate or do well in human-modified environments, or 'synanthropic' species, are predominantly the hosts of zoonotic emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). We do this using glob...

Hendra virus is a recently emerged bat-borne zoonotic agent with high lethality in horses and humans in Australia. This is a rare disease and the determinants of bat to horse transmission, including the factors that bring these hosts together at critical times, are poorly understood. In this cross-disciplinary study climatic and vegetation primary...

We call on the World Health Organization and its Executive Board to fully address the recommendations and questions raised in this letter as a critical step toward protecting everyone on earth and future generations. As terrible as COVID-19 has been, this is almost certainly not the last pandemic we will face -- and possibly not even the worst. Ta...

In 2018, Australia submitted their first voluntary national review to the High-Level Political Forum on the implementation of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Despite the achievements articulated, Australia is ranked below average in sustainability progress compared to other countries in the Organisation for Economic Co-oper...

As strong supporters of the WHO and its mission, we believe it must be made clear that any findings of the joint committee, while potentially useful to a limited extent, represent neither the official position of the WHO nor the result of an unrestricted, independent investigation. For this reason, we believe it is essential that the contours of a...

SDG3, Health and Wellbeing for All, depends on many other SDGs but there are also potential conflicts and trade-offs. In this chapter, ee stress the importance of forests to global health and well-being as well as for Indigenous and local populations. In contrast, short-term economic and human health gains from further forest conversion (e.g. defor...

See https://authors.elsevier.com/a/1ZUa-7szSIycY-

The Anthropocene is commonly seen as a period of great potential to further improve human health and other aspects of human well-being, including food security, reflected, for example, by the Sustainable Development Goals. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is similarly generally optimistic, including with regard to its global foo...

The impacts of global environmental change have precipitated numerous approaches that connect the health of ecosystems, non-human organisms and humans. However, the proliferation of approaches can lead to confusion due to overlaps in terminology, ideas and foci. Recognising the need for clarity, this paper provides a guide to seven field developmen...

With hip fracture and dementia increasing in incidence in the global ageing population, there is a need for the development of specific procedures targeting optimal treatment outcomes for these patients. This paper looks primarily at the factors that limit access to subacute rehabilitation services as a growing body of evidence suggests that access...

An unusually rapid and widespread increase in apparently new and changing infectious diseases has occurred globally over the past four decades. This has also been a time of accelerated global ecological change. Associations between the two phenomena are unclear: emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are reported more frequently in wealthy countri...

The rise in emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) over the last 4 decades is concurrent with dramatic changes in global ecology. The two are likely to be associated, given that zoonoses, particularly those of wildlife origin, make up the majority of these disease. EIDs of animals (and invertebrates and plants) are also reported. The objective of my r...

A more rigorous and nuanced understanding of land-use change (LUC) as a driver of emerging infectious disease (EID) is required. Here we examine post hunter-gatherer LUC as a driver of infectious disease in one biogeographical region with a compressed and documented history-continental Australia. We do this by examining land-use and native vegetati...

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A more rigorous and nuanced understanding of land-use change (LUC) as a driver of emerging infectious disease (EID) is required. Here we examine post hunter-gatherer LUC as a driver of infectious disease in one biogeographical region with a compressed and documented history—continental Australia. We do this by examining land-use and native vegetati...

Antarctic phocids (or true seals) include the crabeater seal Lobodon carcinophagus, the Ross seal Ommatophoca rossii, leopard seal Hydrurga leptonyx, the Weddell seal Leptonychotes weddellii and the southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina. While the first three species breed and spend most of their lives in the pack-ice, the fourth breeds on the co...

The Weddell seal, Leptonochotes weddelli, is the most southerly breeding of the Antarctic seals. Small groups remain for extended periods over the summer months on the fast-ice of the inlets and shorelines of the Antarctic continent for parturition, lactation and moulting. Those breeding in areas close to Antarctic research stations are uniquely ac...

The histology of the spleen, lymph nodes, Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) are described for samples collected opportunistically from healthy and mycobacteria-affected specimens of the endangered marsupial Lagorchestes hirsutus, the Rufous Hare-wallaby. The structural elements, organization and di...

An 8-yr-old captive, female common wombat (Vombatus ursinus) from Victoria, Australia was euthanased after an illness of 36 days manifested by lethargy, inappetance and terminal coma with respiratory failure. Toxoplasmosis was diagnosed during life by the Toxoplasma direct agglutination test (DAT) which showed a positive initial titre of 1:1,024 at...

The postmortem findings of an adult male Adelie penguin found at Magnetic Island, East Antarctica, demonstrating a premortem wound in addition to those consistent with an attack and scavenging by south polar skuas, are described. Other causes of mortality are discussed. Resume Des blessures de type coup de poignard, présentes sur des carcasses de p...

The best method of monitoring ice seal populations in shifting packice is by aerial censuses. However, there are a number of problems with this method that are difficult to address in the packice and are best addressed on more accessible ice seals such as the Weddell seal. Counts made during the moult are affected by the fact that Weddell seals can...

AnsmAcr.-South Polar Skuas (Catharacta maccormicki) take eggs and young of Ad&lie Penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) by scavenging and predation. We collected carcasses of pen- guins near Davis, East Antarctica, and examined them for damage and tissue removal by skuas. Progression of tissue destruction and removal was used to indicate successive areas o...