Rosa Hermosa

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• Professor
• Professor (Full) at University of Salamanca

Woronin bodies are unique organelles in Pezizomycotina fungi that allow hyphae compartmentalization and prevent cytoplasmatic bleeding after mechanical injury. Several studies have related the peroxisomal protein HEX1, the major component of Woronin bodies with other biological processes such as hyphal growth, osmotic stress tolerance and pathogeni...

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are the final stage of the anthropogenic water cycle where a wide range of chemical and biological markers of human activity can be found. In COVID-19 disease contexts, wastewater surveillance has been used to infer community trends based on viral abundance and SARS-CoV-2 RNA variant composition, which has served...

Most of the plants belonging to the family of Brassicaceae are non-hosts for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). These plants are known to produce glucosinolates (GSL), a group of allelopathic compounds, with a role in plant defense. The overexpression of the Thkel1 from Trichoderma harzianum in rapeseed (BnKel) plants, this gene encoding a protein...

The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an important crop worldwide and is considered a model plant to study stress responses. Small RNAs (sRNAs), 21–24 nucleotides in length, are recognized as a conserved mechanism for regulating gene expression in eukaryotes. Plant endogenous sRNAs, such as microRNA (miRNA), have been involved in disease resistance....

The transcription factor THCTF1 from Trichoderma harzianum, previously linked to the production of 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one (6-PP) derivatives and antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum, has been related in this study to conidiation, production of an array of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and expression of methyltransferase genes. VOCs e...

Trichoderma is a cosmopolitan and opportunistic ascomycete fungal genus including species that are of interest to agriculture as direct biological control agents of phytopathogens. Trichoderma utilizes direct antagonism and competition, particularly in the rhizosphere, where it modulates the composition of and interactions with other microorganisms...

Eight Trichoderma strains were evaluated for their potential to protect wheat seedlings against severe (no irrigation within two weeks) water stress (WS). Considering the plant fresh weight and phenotype, T. asperellum T140, which displays 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase activity and which is able to produce several phytohormones, w...

Species of fungal genus Trichoderma are characterized by a versatile lifestyle, high adaptability to the changing environmental conditions and the ability to establish sophisticated interactions with other organisms. Due to their ability to antagonize plant pathogens and to elicit the plant defence responses against biotic/abiotic stresses, Trichod...

The search for endophytic fungi in the roots of healthy wheat plants from a non-irrigation field trial allowed us to select 4 out of a total of 54 cultivable isolates belonging to the genus Trichoderma, identified as T. harzianum T136 and T139, T. simmonsii T137, and T. afroharzianum T138. In vitro assays against the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium...

Trichoderma is one of the most studied genera of ascomycetous fungi due to the beneficial effects it has on plants. Trichoderma spp. are involved in the production of cell wall-degrading enzymes and metabolites with antimicrobial activity. It also produces volatile compounds that act together as direct biocontrol agents to protect plants against ph...

The production of eight phytohormones by Trichoderma species is described, as well as the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase (ACCD) activity, which diverts the ethylene biosynthetic pathway in plants. The use of the Trichoderma strains T. virens T49, T. longibrachiatum T68, T. spirale T75 and T. harzianum T115 served to demonstra...

There is no doubt that Trichoderma is an inhabitant of the rhizosphere that plays an important role in how plants interact with the environment. Beyond the production of cell wall degrading enzymes and metabolites, Trichoderma spp. can protect plants by inducing faster and stronger immune responses, a mechanism known as priming, which involves enha...

This study examined the microbicidal activity of ultraviolet (UV)-C185–256-nm irradiance (robot 1) and ozone generated at UV-C185-nm by low-pressure mercury vapor lamps (robot 2) adapted to mobile robotic devices for surface decontamination, which was achieved in less than 1 h. Depending on their wall structure and outer envelopes, many microorgani...

There are fundamental differences between the current levels of genomic and proteomic knowledge for bacteria and fungi. With multiple growth forms and over 100,000 known species, the fungi probably present a more complex situation, but genomic studies are hindered by the lack of reliable reference data for many species. As activities such as enviro...

Wheat crop production needs nitrogen (N) for ensuring yield and quality. High doses of inorganic N fertilizer are applied to soil before sowing (basal dressing), with additional doses supplied along the cultivation (top dressing). Here, a long-term wheat field trial (12 plots), including four conditions (control, N top dressing, Trichoderma harzian...

Trichoderma is a fungal genus comprising species used as biocontrol agents in crop plant protection and with high value for industry. The beneficial effects of these species are supported by the secondary metabolites they produce. Terpenoid compounds are key players in the interaction of Trichoderma spp. with the environment and with their fungal a...

Trichoderma species are well known biocontrol agents that are able to induce responses in the host plants against an array of abiotic and biotic stresses. Here, we investigate, when applied to tomato seeds, the potential of Trichoderma strains belonging to three different species, T. parareesei T6, T. asperellum T25, and T. harzianum T34, to contro...

In most countries, the registration of plant beneficial microbes can be done as Plant Protection Products (PPP) or as fertilizers. The PPP registration process is cumbersome and often not suitable for plant biostimulants, for which companies request permission for their use as fertilizers. This is the case of Trichoderma, officially considered a bi...

Synthetic chemical pesticides have been used for many years to increase the yield of agricultural crops. However, in the future, this approach is likely to be limited due to negative impacts on human health and the environment. Therefore, studies of the secondary metabolites produced by agriculturally important microorganisms have an important role...

The fungal genus Trichoderma includes strains with biocontrol and/or biostimulant potential and is recognized as a source of genes with biotechnological value. In a previous study the Kelch domain protein, encoded by the Thkel1 gene of Trichoderma harzianum T34, was found to confer tolerance to salt stress when expressed in plants of Arabidopsis th...

The biocontrol potential of three native Costa Rican Trichoderma asperellum strains has been evaluated against the necrotrophic ascomycete Sclerotium cepivorum, the causal agent of onion (Allium cepa L.) white rot. In Costa Rica, where climatic conditions enhance the development of this pathogen, white rot reduces onion yields up to 50% of total ha...

Wheat is one of the most important crops worldwide. The use of plant growth promoting microorganisms, such as those of the genus Trichoderma, constitutes an alternative to chemical fertilizers, since they are cheaper and are not detrimental to the environment. However, the interaction between Trichoderma and wheat plants has been scarcely studied,...

Trichothecene mycotoxins are recognized as highly bioactive compounds that can be used in the design of new useful bioactive molecules. In Trichoderma brevicompactum, the first specific step in trichothecene biosynthesis is carried out by a terpene cyclase, trichodiene synthase, that catalyzes the conversion of farnesyl diphosphate to trichodiene a...

The family Brassicaceae includes plants that are non-host for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) such as the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (arabidopsis) and the economically important crop plant Brassica napus (rapeseed). It is well known that Trichoderma species have the ability to colonize the rhizosphere of Brassicaceae plants, promoting grow...

Verticillium dahliae, a vascular-colonizing fungus, causes economically important wilt diseases in many crops, including olive trees. Trichoderma spp. have demonstrated an effective contribution as biocontrol agents against this pathogen through a variety of mechanisms that may involve direct mycoparasitism and antibiosis. However, molecular aspect...

The split-root methodology constitutes an excellent tool to study local versus systemic plant-induced responses. In the most common approach, two different organisms coinfect the two separated root halves of a same plant. Split-root plants have been used to study the biocontrol potential of fungi and bacteria by the induction of systemic defenses i...

Verticillium wilt (VW) in olive is best managed by an integrated disease management strategy, of which use of host resistance is a key element. The widespread occurrence of a highly virulent defoliating (D) Verticillium dahliae patho-type has jeopardized the use of commercial olive cultivars lacking sufficient resistance to this pathogen. However,...

Verticillium wilt (VW) in olive is best managed by an integrated disease management strategy, of which use of host resistance is a key element. The widespread occurrence of a highly virulent defoliating (D) Verticillium dahliae pathotype has jeopardized the use of commercial olive cultivars lacking sufficient resistance to this pathogen. However, t...

Trichoderma species are opportunistic fungi residing primarily in soil, tree bark and on wild mushrooms. Trichoderma is capable of killing other fungi and penetrating plant roots, and is commonly used as both a biofungicide and inducer of plant defence against pathogens. These fungi also exert other beneficial effects on plants including growth pro...

Fifty fungal isolates were sampled from diseased tomato plants as result of a survey conducted in seven tomato crop areas in Algeria from 2012 to 2015. Morphological criteria and PCR-based identification, using the primers PF02 and PF03, assigned 29 out of 50 isolates to Fusarium oxysporum (Fo). The banding patterns amplified for genes SIX1, SIX3 a...

Trichoderma harzianum is a filamentous fungus well adapted to different ecological niches. Owing to its ability to antagonize a wide range of plant pathogens, it is used as a biological control agent in agriculture. Selected strains of T. harzianum are also able to increase the tolerance of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, little is...

Southern blot analysis of wild-type (T34) and transformant strains. Genomic DNAs were XhoI- and BamHI-digested and the Thmbf1 cDNA was used as a probe. Lanes correspond to T. harzianum T34 (lane 1), Thmbf-CT (control transformant, lane 2), Thmbf-ov1 (lane 3), Thmbf-ov2 (lane 4), Thmbf-ov3 (lane 5) and Thmbf-ov4 (lane 6). EcoRI-HindIII-digested λ DN...

Dual cultures of strains T34, Thmbf-CT, Thmbf-ov1, Thmbf-ov2, Thmbf-ov3 and Thmbf-ov4 of T. harzianum and the pathogens F. oxyxporum (FO) (A) and B. cinerea (BC) (B) on continuous PDA medium. Plates only with the pathogen were used as controls. All plates were incubated at 28°C for 10 days.

Phenotype of ‘Moneymaker’ tomato plants derived from T. harzianum-treated seeds and inoculated with FO. The wild-type T34, the transformation control (Thmbf-CT), and the Thmbf1 overexpressing transformants (Thmbf-ov3 and Thmbf-ov4) were applied as T. harzianum strains. Plants without T. harzianum or FO treatment were used as controls. Photographs w...

Plants have evolved effective mechanisms to avoid or reduce the potential damage caused by abiotic stresses. In addition to biocontrol abilities, Trichoderma genus fungi promote growth and alleviate the adverse effects caused by saline stress in plants. Morphological, physiological, and molecular changes were analyzed in salt-stressed tomato plants...

El presente trabajo muestra la caracterización morfológica y molecular de 10 cepas nativas de Trichoderma (TL2, TL4, TL5, TL6, TX7, TX8, TT6, TF8, TF10 y TJ6) y su relación filogenética, así como su capacidad de biocontrol contra Phytophthora infestans . Los resultados de la caracterización molecular al amplificar la región ITS1-ITS4 del ADN ribosó...

Root-knot nematodes (RKN) are major crop pathogens worldwide. Trichoderma genus fungi are recognized biocontrol agents and a direct activity of Trichoderma atroviride (Ta) against the RKN Meloidogyne javanica (Mj), in terms of 42% reduction of number of galls (NG), 60% of number of egg masses and 90% of number of adult nematodes inside the roots, h...

Root-knot nematodes (RKN) are major crop pathogens worldwide. Trichoderma genus fungi are recognized biocontrol agents and a direct activity of Trichoderma atroviride (Ta) against the RKN Meloidogyne javanica (Mj), in terms of 42% reduction of number of galls (NG), 60% of number of egg masses and 90% of number of adult nematodes inside the roots, h...

Trichoderma spp. (Teleomorph: Hypocrea) is a fungal genus that is found in the soil, and it is a secondary fast growing opportunistic invasive producer of chitinases, glucanases and proteases, and metabolites with antimicrobial activity. Many Trichoderma species are also well known as biocontrol agents of important phytopathogenic fungi. The primar...

Trichoderma is a fungal genus that includes species that are currently being used as biological control agents and/or as biofertilizers. In addition to the direct application of Trichoderma spp. as biocontrol agents in plant protection, recent studies have focused on the beneficial responses exerted on plants, stimulating the growth, activating the...

Trichoderma is a fungal genus that includes species that are currently being used as biological control agents and/or as biofertilizers. In addition to the direct application of Trichoderma spp. as biocontrol agents in plant protection, recent studies have focused on the beneficial responses exerted on plants, stimulating the growth, activating the...

Species of Trichoderma exert direct biocontrol activity against soil-borne plant pathogens due to their ability to compete for nutrients and to inhibit or kill their targets through the production of antibiotics and/or hydrolytic enzymes. In addition to these abilities, Trichoderma spp. have beneficial effects for plants, including the stimulation...

Many Trichoderma species are well-known for their ability to promote plant growth and defense. We study how the interaction of bean plants with R. solani and/or Trichoderma affect the plants growth and the level of expression of defense-related genes. Trichoderma isolates were evaluated in vitro for their potential to antagonize R. solani. Bioassay...

Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) is a major limiting disease in tomato production in Morocco. Commercial and locally produced Moroccan composts and peat were found to reduce Fusarium wilt in tomato plants. We explored the presence of Trichoderma strains in these materials, and in six soils sampled in the North Wes...

Trichoderma-Arabidopsis hydroponic cultures

Trichoderma is a soil-borne fungal genus that includes species with a significant impact on agriculture and industrial processes. Some Trichoderma strains exert beneficial effects in plants through root colonization, although little is known about how this interaction takes place. To better understand this process, the root colonization of wild-typ...

Trichoderma is a soil-borne fungal genus that includes species with a significant impact on agriculture and industrial processes. Some Trichoderma strains exert beneficial effects in plants through root colonization, although little is known about how this interaction takes place. To better understand this process, the root colonization of wild-typ...

Harzianum A (HA), a trichothecene produced by Trichoderma arundinaceum, has recently been described to have antagonistic activity against fungal plant pathogens and to induce plant defense genes. In the present work, we have shown that a tri5 gene-disrupted mutant which lacks HA production overproduces two polyketides, aspinolides B and C, which we...

Trichoderma is a fungus extremely well adapted to different ecological niches. This is because it has a remarkably diverse metabolism capable of catabolizing a wide variety of substrates as well as producing a wide variety of secondary metabolites (SMs), of which those most studied are peptaibols, polyketides, pyrones, terpenes and diketopiperazine...

Trichoderma parareesei and Trichoderma reesei (teleomorph Hypocrea jecorina) produce cellulases and xylanases of industrial interest. Here, the anamorphic strain T6 (formerly T. reesei) has been identified as T. parareesei, showing biocontrol potential against fungal and oomycete phytopathogens and enhanced hyphal growth in the presence of tomato e...

Trichoderma is a fungal genus of cosmopolitan distribution and high biotechnological value, with several species currently used as biological control agents. Additionally, the enzyme systems of the fungus are widely applied in industry. Species of Trichoderma protect plants against the attack of soil-borne plant pathogens by competing for nutrients...

Trichoderma species produce trichothecenes, most notably trichodermin and harzianum A (HA), by a biosynthetic pathway in which several of the involved proteins have significant differences in functionality compared to their Fusarium orthologues. In addition, the genes encoding these proteins show a genomic organization differing from that of the Fu...

Trichoderma harzianum is a fungus used as biocontrol agent using its antagonistic abilities against phytopathogenic fungi, although it has also direct effects on plants, increasing or accelerating their growth and resistance to diseases and the tolerance to abiotic stresses. We analyzed Arabidopsis thaliana gene expression changes after 24 h of inc...

Trichoderma (teleomorph Hypocrea) is a fungal genus found in many ecosystems. Trichoderma spp. can reduce the severity of plant diseases by inhibiting plant pathogens in the soil through their highly potent antagonistic and mycoparasitic activity. Moreover, as revealed by research in recent decades, some Trichoderma strains can interact directly wi...

Trichoderma spp. are widely used as biopesticides and biofertilizers to control diseases and to promote positive physiological responses in plants. In vitro and in vivo assays with Trichoderma harzianum CECT 2413 (T34), Trichoderma virens Gv29-8 (T87) and Trichoderma hamatum IMI 224801 (T7) revealed that these strains affected the growth and develo...

Trichoderma brevicompactum IBT 40841 produces trichodermin, a trichothecene-type toxin that shares most of the steps of its biosynthesis with harzianum A, another trichothecene produced by several Trichoderma species. The first specific step in the trichothecene biosynthesis is carried out by a terpene cylcase, trichodiene synthase, that catalyzes...

Alternative and ecological strategies are necessary and demanded for disease management in order to reduce the use of pesticides in agriculture. Thus, the use of biological control agents such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) or several strains of the beneficial fungus Trichoderma spp. to combat plant diseases is the basis of biocontr...

Trichothecenes are mycotoxins produced by Trichoderma, Fusarium, and at least four other genera in the fungal order Hypocreales. Fusarium has a trichothecene biosynthetic gene (TRI) cluster that encodes transport and regulatory proteins as well as most enzymes required for the formation of the mycotoxins. However, little is known about trichothecen...

Table of GenBank accession numbers of EF1-a sequences obtained in this study from 57 Beauveria bassiana isolates and EF1-α subgroups.

The entomopathogenic anamorphic fungus Beauveria bassiana is currently used as a biocontrol agent (BCA) of insects. Fifty-seven Beauveria bassiana isolates -53 from Spain- were characterized, integrating group I intron insertion patterns at the 3'-end of the nuclear large subunit ribosomal gene (LSU rDNA) and elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-α) phylo...

Figures that illustrate selected aspects of the main text. Figure S1 provides a phylogeny of Trichoderma NPRSs. Figure S2 compares the numbers of epoxide hydrolase genes in Trichoderma with that in other fungi. Figure S3 compares the codon usage in genes from syntenic and nonsyntenic regions of the genomes of Trichoderma reesei, T. atroviride and T...

Comparative properties and gene inventory of T. reesei, T. virens and T. atroviride. This file contains additional information on genomic properties and selected gene families from the three Trichoderma species comprising 19 tables. Table S1 summarizes the satellite sequences identified in the Trichoderma genomes and four other fungal genomes. Tabl...

Additional information on selected gene groups of Trichoderma, methods used for genome sequencing, and legends for the figures in Additional file 3. Chapter 1: Carbohydrate-Active enzymes (CAZymes). Chapter 2: Aegerolysins and other toxins. Chapter 3: Small secreted cysteine rich proteins (SSCPs). Chapter 4: EST sequencing and analysis. Chapter 5:...

Mycoparasitism, a lifestyle where one fungus is parasitic on another fungus, has special relevance when the prey is a plant pathogen, providing a strategy for biological control of pests for plant protection. Probably, the most studied biocontrol agents are species of the genus Hypocrea/Trichoderma. Here we report an analysis of the genome sequence...

Using the TrichoEST database, generated in a previous functional genomics project from the beneficial filamentous fungus Trichoderma harzianum, a gene named Thkel1, which codes for a putative kelch-repeat protein, was isolated and characterized. Silencing of this gene in T. harzianum leads to a reduction of glucosidase activity and mycelial growth...

Trichoderma brevicompactum produces trichodermin, a simple trichothecene-type toxin that shares the first steps of the sesquiterpene biosynthetic pathway with other phytotoxic trichothecenes from Fusarium spp. Trichodiene synthase catalyses the conversion of farnesyl pyrophosphate to trichodiene and it is encoded by the tri5 gene that was cloned an...

The synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the first events following pathogenic interactions in eukaryotic cells, and NADPH oxidases are involved in the formation of such ROS. The nox1 gene of Trichoderma harzianum was cloned, and its role in antagonism against phytopathogens was analyzed in nox1-overexpressed transformants. The incr...

Trichoderma is an ascomycete fungal genus including species with a significant impact on agriculture and industrial processes. The first application of the proteome technology was carried out to extract and separate cell wall associated proteins of T. reesei. Following this work several studies performed on the proteome of different strains of T. a...