Ronnie Gavilan

• Researcher Professor at Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista

Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is one of the leading causes of foodborne outbreaks worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries such as Peru. To understand the dynamics of NTS serotypes circulating in the country, the whole genomes of 1122 NTS strains from 1998 to 2018 were analyzed using phylogenomic and comparative genomics tools. A...

El Niño events, the warm phase of the El Niño Southern Oscillation, facilitate the movement of warm surface waters eastwards across the Pacific Ocean. Marine organisms transported by these waters can act as biological corridors for water-borne bacteria with attachment abilities. El Niño events have been hypothesized as driving the recent emergence...

En el Perú se vienen reportando serovares de Salmonella no tifoidea (SNT) en casos humanos que estarían relacionados a los hallados en huevos comerciales, carcasas de broilers y subproductos. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar mediante el porcentaje de similaridad de los perfiles genéticos de los serovares de SNT aislados de humanos...

The underlying evolutionary mechanisms driving global expansions of pathogen strains are poorly understood. Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of only two marine pathogens where variants have emerged in distinct climates globally. The success of a Vibrio parahaemolyticus clone (VpST3) in Latin America- the first spread identified outside its endemic re...

Introducción Acinetobacter baumannii es un patógeno nosocomial oportunista responsable de una amplia gama de infecciones nosocomiales, incluyendo la neumonía asociada a ventilación mecánica y la bacteriemia (35-52 % de mortalidad), así como infecciones de la piel y los tejidos blandos, endocarditis, infecciones del tracto urinario, y meningitis. Lo...

Background Integrons are mobilisable gene elements that can carry diverse antibiotic resistance genes and are often associated with transposons. Considering the potential transferability of these elements and the high prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in Peru, we sought to describe the integrons and related elements in a series of KAPEc i...

Background Different metal resistance gene clusters are known to be mobilisable by transposons. Furthermore, it has been reported that metal resistance genes may contribute to higher antibiotic resistance by co-selection. Mining is the principal extractive activity in Peru, and concerns about metal contamination in both population and environment a...

Background Cefiderocol is a novel siderophore-like antibiotic which is currently approved by both the FDA and EMA for the treatment of infections by antibiotic-resistant bacteria when no other options are available. This antibiotic has not yet been approved for use in Peru. Notwithstanding, cefiderocol resistant isolates were found by in vitro test...

Guillain Barré syndrome is a disease derived from compromise in neurons of the peripheral nervous system by an uncontrolled response from the immune system that leads to axonal damage and/or demyelination. The objective of this report was to describe the first 10 suspected cases of Guillain Barre Syndrome in Piura. It was possible to identify the p...

Objective To describe the frequency of antimicrobial resistance rates and spatial-temporal distribution of Shigella species from the last 10 years in Peru. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out. A total of 1668 Shigella strains, remitted as part of the national enteric pathogen surveillance from 2011 to 2020, were analysed. T...

Global warming is drastically altering weather patterns, accentuating the frequency and strength of global events such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation. This alteration is driving the spread of diseases sensitive to climate such as diarrheal diseases. Environmental monitoring through remote sensing, in combination with data from epidemiological...

The epidemiological dynamics of V. parahaemolyticus´ infections have been characterized by the abrupt appearance of outbreaks in remote areas where these diseases had not been previously detected, without knowing the routes of entry of the pathogens in the new area. However, there are recent studies that show the link between the appearance of epid...

Salmonella Typhimurium is associated with foodborne diseases worldwide, including in Peru, and its emerging antibiotic resistance (AMR) is now a global public health problem. Therefore, country-specific monitoring of the AMR emergence is vital to control this pathogen, and in these aspects, whole genome sequence (WGS)—based approaches are better th...

Campylobacter jejuni infection is considered the most frequent factor associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). In 2019, a large outbreak of GBS was detected in Peru, being associated with C. jejuni detected in stool samples from these patients. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular epidemiology of C. jejuni strains (ST-2993) as...

Background The COVID-19 pandemic remains the main public health problem, due to the quick and easy dissemination of the causal agent, SARS-CoV-2 virus, around the world. Since the beginning of the pandemic, an opportune laboratory diagnosis has been critical to respond this emergency, and RT-qPCR has been used as reference molecular tests for detec...

Introduction COVID-19 infection is a major public health problem in the world and reinfections are becoming more frequent. Our main objective was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and genomic characteristics of the confirmed cases of reinfection by SARS-CoV-2 in the capital of Lima and Callao, Peru. Methods We searched in the Peruvian labo...

Bothorps atrox is responsible for most of the ophidism cases in Perú. As part of the envenoming, myotoxicity is one of the most recurrent and destructive effects. In this study, a myotoxin, named BaMtx, was purified from B. atrox venom to elucidate its biological, immunological, and molecular characteristics. BaMtx was purified using CM-Sephadex-C-...

The main strategy for response and control of COVID-19 demands the use of rapid, accurate diagnostic tests aimed at the first point of health care. During the emergency, an increase in asymptomatic and symptomatic cases results in a great demand for molecular tests, which is promoting the development and application of rapid diagnostic technologies...

Campylobacter is the leading cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and has a major impact on global public health. Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) is a powerful tool applied in the study of foodborne pathogens. The objective of the present study was to apply WGS to determine the genetic diversity, virulence factors and determinants of an...

Campylobacter is the leading cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and has a major impact on global public health. Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) is a powerful tool applied in the study of foodborne pathogens. The objective of the present study was to apply WGS to determine the genetic diversity, virulence factors and determinants of an...

We have developed an efficient and inexpensive pipeline for streamlining large-scale collection and genome sequencing of bacterial isolates. Evaluation of this method involved a worldwide research collaboration focused on the model organism Salmonella enterica , the 10KSG consortium. Following the optimization of a logistics pipeline that involved...

The main strategy for response and control of COVID-19 demands the use of rapid, accurate diagnostic tests aimed at the first point of health care. During the emergency, an increase in asymptomatic and symptomatic cases results in a great demand for molecular tests, which is promoting the development and application of rapid diagnostic technologies...

Objetivo. Determinar la estructura genética de las cepas drogorresistentes de Mycobacterium tuberculosis que circularon en todo el Perú durante los años 2011-2015 a través de haplotipos obtenidos de un ensayo con sondas en línea. Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron 6589 muestras que ingresaron al Instituto Nacional de Salud para el diagnóstico ruti...

Peru has become one of the countries with the highest mortality rates from the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To investigate early transmission events and the genomic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 isolates circulating in Peru in the early COVID-19 pandemic,...

Peru has the highest burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in the Americas region. Since 1999, the annual number of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) Peruvian cases has been increasing, becoming a public health challenge. The objective of this study was to perform genomic characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains ob...

Objectives: To standardize and validate an in-house RT-LAMP test for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, based on laboratory and field assays using samples from COVID-19 suspected patients. Materials and methods: An in-house SARS-CoV-2 RT-LAMP molecular test was standardized, establishing the detection limit with Vero cells of isolated Peruvian strains of...

Candida auris is an emerging fungus that has gained great relevance as a global public health problem in a short time. The presence of Candida auris in 3 adult patients admitted to a national hospital of high complexity in the last quarter of 2020 in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic is reported for the first time in Peru. The patients were hospit...

Cholera is a severe diarrhoeal disease that spreads rapidly and affects millions of people each year, resulting in tens of thousands of deaths. The disease is caused by Vibrio cholerae O1 and is characterized by watery diarrhoea that can be lethal if not properly treated. Cholera had not been reported in South America from the late 1800s until 1991...

Salmonella Enteritidis, an important foodborne zoonosis, has a dramatically increased number of cases around the world. To explore the phylogenetic structure of Peruvian Salmonella Enteritidis strains and their relationship with an outbreak occurred in 2018, we analyzed a comprehensive strains of S. Enteritidis received by the National Institute of...

Peru has the highest burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in the Americas region, and since 1999, the annual number of extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) cases has been increasing, becoming a public health challenge. The objective of this study was to perform genomic characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains obtained from per...

Objetivo: Describir los resultados de los exámenes de laboratorio realizados en muestras biológicas de pacientes con síndrome de Guillain-Barré (SGB), recibidas en el Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS) entre los años 2018 y 2019. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional en pacientes con SGB notificados en el sistema de vigilancia ep...

Asymptomatic carriers are a likely source of transmission of Neisseria meningitidis to close contacts who are placed at a higher risk for invasive meningococcal disease (IMD). Although N. meningitidis ciprofloxacin-resistance is rare, there have been an increase in the reports of resistant isolates mainly in patients diagnosed with IMD, and little...

Outbreaks of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) are uncommon. In May 2019, national surveillance in Peru detected an increase in GBS cases in excess of the expected incidence of 1.2 cases/100,000 population. Several clinical and epidemiologic findings call into question the suggested association between this GBS outbreak and Campylobacter.

Molecular diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 in developing countries is still a big challenge. The reference standard, RT-qPCR, recommended by WHO, is not widely available, difficulting early identification of cases. Furthermore, the transport logistic between the sample collection point and the laboratory facilities can alter the samples, producing false neg...

In order to describe the genomic characteristics related to antimicrobial resistance and comparative genomics of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC), 14 DEC isolates from the strain collection of the Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS) were subjected to genome sequencing. We used bioinformatic procedures to analyze the obtained sequences in order to...

Peru has become one of the countries with the highest mortality rate from the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. To investigate early transmission event and genomic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 isolates circulating in Peru, we analyzed a total of 3472 SARS-CoV-2 genomes, from which 149 ones were from Peru. Phy...

Aquatic macroinvertebrates play a crucial role in freshwater ecosystems, but their diversity remains poorly known, particularly in the tropics. This “taxonomic void” limits our understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes in freshwater ecosystems, and the scale at which they operate. We used DNA barcoding to estimate lineage diversity (and...

Background: Salmonellosis is a universal zoonosis, causing frequent outbreaks of foodborne illness; Salmonella enterica is the species with the highest prevalence, a progressive increase in its resistance to antimicrobials is described. Aim: To determine the frequency of serovars and antimicrobial resistance patterns in S. enterica isolates subm...

Campylobacteriosis is the leading cause of foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide, linked to a variety of clinical sequelae and complications such as Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS). Campylobacter jejuni infections are commonly associated with the consumption of contaminated chicken meat and presumed to be underreported in Peru, due to difficulty in iso...

During the period from 1995 to 2017, in order to determine the diversity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus pathogenic variants in Peru, 102 Peruvian genomes (97 from a hospital setting and 5 from an out-of-hospital setting) were analyzed using the multilocus typification scheme and BLASTn in the search for virulence genes. Fifteen different sequence types...

Aquatic macroinvertebrates play a crucial role in freshwater ecosystems, but their diversity remains poorly known, particularly in the tropics. This “taxonomic void” represents limits our understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes in freshwater ecosystems, and the scale at which they operate. We used DNA barcoding to estimate lineage dive...

We report transcontinental expansion of Vibrio parahaemolyticus sequence type 36 into Lima, Peru. From national collections, we identified 7 isolates from 2 different Pacific Northwest complex lineages that surfaced during 2011-2016. Sequence type 36 is likely established in environmental reservoirs. Systematic surveillance enabled detection of the...

Se desarrolló un método de amplificación isotérmica mediada en lazo de transcriptasa inversa (RT-LAMP) para detectar Zika. Los primers se diseñaron basándose en la región NS5 de 64 genomas completos. Se usó reactivo LAMP liofilizado. Inicialmente, se probaron siete arbovirus diferentes y solo las muestras de Zika resultaron positivas. Además, las d...

Resumen El cólera es una de las enfermedades diarreicas más graves, responsable de causar al menos siete pandemias en el mundo. Entre los factores de virulencia asociados a esta enfermedad se encuentra la toxina del cólera, codificada por el gen ctxA y el pilus corre-gulador de toxina codificado por el gen tcpA, que juega un papel importante en la...

Resumen El cólera es una de las enfermedades diarreicas más graves, responsable de causar al menos siete pandemias en el mundo. Entre los factores de virulencia asociados a esta enfermedad se encuentra la toxina del cólera, codificada por el gen ctxA y el pilus corre-gulador de toxina codificado por el gen tcpA, que juega un papel importante en la...

Microbiology Society logo search account_circle shopping_cart Toggle navigationTools Toggle navigationShare JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY Emergence of ciprofloxacin-resistant Neisseria meningitidis B from asymptomatic carriers during an outbreak in Peru, 2017 No Access Eduardo Juscamayta-López1 ,†ORCID icon, Faviola Valdivia1 ,†ORCID icon, Sara...

Objectives.: To describe the phenotypic and genotypic patterns of the antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella Infantis in Peru. Materials and methods.: Two hundred and ninety-seven strains of Salmonella sp. submitted to the National Institute of Health (INS, in Spanish) during 2014-2016 were analyzed. The strains were phenotypically characterized...

Pseudoalteromonas is a genus of marine bacteria often found in association with other organisms. Although several studies have examined Pseudoalteromonas diversity and their antimicrobial activity, its diversity in tropical environments is largely unexplored. We investigated the diversity of Pseudoalteromonas in marine environments of Panama using...

In 2009, an outbreak of Vibrio parahaemolyticus occurred in Piura, Cajamarca, Lambayeque, and Lima, Peru. Whole-genome sequencing of clinical and environmental samples from the outbreak revealed a new V. parahaemolyticus clone. All the isolates identified belonged to a single clonal complex described exclusively in Asia before its emergence in Peru...

Representative NotI restriction patterns and clustering analysis of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains, eBURST analysis showing clonal complex 120, minimum-spanning tree of the Peruvian strains showing single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and neighbor-joining tree showing the high diversity of V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated around the world.

The potential of the diverse chemistries present in natural products (NP) for biotechnology and medicine remains untapped because NP databases are not searchable with raw data and the NP community has no way to share data other than in published papers. Although mass spectrometry (MS) techniques are well-suited to high-throughput characterization o...

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important human pathogen whose transmission is associated with the consumption of contaminated seafood. Consistent multilocus sequence typing for V. parahaemolyticus has shown difficulties in the amplification of the recA gene by PCR associated with a lack of amplification or a larger PCR product than expected. In one...

The aims of this study were to determine the clinical characteristics of patients with urinary sepsis associated to ureteral calculi admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and to identify predictors of mortality in the first 24 hours of admission.DesignA retrospective observational study covering a 16-year period (2006-2011) was carried out.Set...

The aims of this study were to determine the clinical characteristics of patients with urinary sepsis associated to ureteral calculi admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and to identify predictors of mortality in the first 24hours of admission. A retrospective observational study covering a 16-year period (2006-2011) was carried out. The comb...

Coral reefs are intricate ecosystems that harbor diverse organisms, including 25% of all marine fish. Healthy corals exhibit a complex symbiosis between coral polyps, endosymbiotic alga, and an array of microorganisms, called the coral holobiont. Secretion of specialized metabolites by coral microbiota is thought to contribute to the defense of thi...

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a foodborne pathogen that has become a public health concern due to the global expansion of the pandemic clone and other locally-dominant groups. Despite the growing relevance of this pathogen, the routes for dispersion and connections between populations prevailing in distant geographical regions still remain poorly expl...

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Tuberculosis continues to be one of the leading causes of death worldwide and in the American region. Although multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a threat to TB control in Panama, few studies have focused in typing MDR-TB strains. The aim of our study was to characterize MDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates using PCR-base...

Fungal infections are increasing worldwide, including in the aquatic environment. Microbiota that coexist with marine life can provide protection against fungal infections by secretion of metabolites with antifungal properties. Our laboratory has developed mass spectrometric methodologies with the goal of improving our functional understanding of m...

Significance The paper introduces the concepts of molecular families (MFs) and gene cluster families (GCFs). We define MFs as structurally related molecules based on their mass spectral fragmentation patterns, whereas GCFs are biosynthetic gene clusters that show similar gene cluster organization with a high degree of sequence similarity. We use MS...

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a foodborne pathogen that has become a public health concern at the global scale. The epidemiological significance of V. parahaemolyticus infections in Latin America received little attention until the winter of 1997 when cases related to the pandemic clone were detected in the region, changing the epidemic dynamics of th...

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a foodborne pathogen that has become a public health concern at the global scale. The epidemiological significance of V. parahaemolyticus infections in Latin America received little attention until the winter of 1997 when cases related to the pandemic clone were detected in the region, changing the epidemic dynamics of th...

The emergence of the pandemic strain Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 in 1996 caused a large increase of diarrhea outbreaks related to seafood consumption in Southeast Asia, and later worldwide. Isolates of this strain constitutes a clonal complex, and their effectual differentiation is possible by comparison of their variable number tandem repeats (V...

VNTR profiles of native strains used in this work. (XLS)

Number of repeats in the different VNTRs of the KX-1 population, ready for uploading in goeBURST. (XLS)

Native strains and clones (*) of pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus used in this work. (XLS)

Genetic distance (δµ)2 between populations of pandemic V. parahaemolyticus isolated in different years and geographical location. (XLS)

El Vibrio cholerae y el V. parahaemolyticus son las principales especies de Vibrio que ocasionan infecciones en seres humanos. Las infecciones causadas por estos dos patógenos están teniendo una creciente importancia debido a su imparable expansión a nivel mundial. En el presente artículo se resumen los aspectos ecológicos asociados con la llegada...

El Vibrio cholerae y el V. parahaemolyticus son las principales especies de Vibrio que ocasionan infecciones en seres humanos. Las infecciones causadas por estos dos patógenos están teniendo una creciente importancia debido a su imparable expansión a nivel mundial. En el presente artículo se resumen los aspectos ecológicos asociados con la llegada...

Vibrio cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus are the two Vibrio species with a major impact on human health. Diseases caused by both pathogens are acquiring increasing relevance due to their expansion at global scale. In this paper, we resume the ecological aspects associated with the arrival and spreading of infections caused by V. parahaemolyticus and...

The dynamics of dissemination of the environmental human pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus are uncertain. The O3:K6 clone was restricted to Asia until its detection along the Peruvian coasts and in northern Chile in 1997 in phase with the arrival of El Niño waters. A subsequent emergence of O3:K6 strains was detected in austral Chile in 2004. The or...

The seventh pandemic of Vibrio cholerae unexpectedly reached the coast of Peru in 1991, causing an explosive emergence of infections throughout the American continents. The origin and routes of dissemination are as yet unknown. A new Vibrio epidemic arose in 1997 in South America (northern Chile) when the pandemic clone of Vibrio parahaemolyticus w...

The bacterial transposon Tn7 and relatives is widespread in different environments and diverse species. In order to investigate target insertion and frequency of this genetic element in unrelated bacteria, we investigated the presence of tn7 from both clinical and environmental strains isolated from hospitals, waters and soils from Peru. We assesse...

The Peruvian coast is strongly impacted by domestic sewage effluents, particularly Lima City, whose untreated drainages are directly discharged into marine environment. Likewise, the rivers contribute to increase contamination levels during the rain period in the Andes. The current Peruvian water legislation for recreational and fishing purposes is...