Romulo Pisa Lollato

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• Ph.D. in Crop Science
• Professor (Associate) at Kansas State University

Although the U.S. southern Great Plains accounts for approximately 30% of total U.S. wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production, yields in the region have rarely surpassed 3.0 Mg ha −1 and quantification of the wheat yield gap (Y G) and meteorological factors associated with potential wheat productivity are scarce. Our objectives were to identify spat...

Maximum reported grain yields for hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the southern Great Plains range from 6 to 8 Mg ha–1 and are significantly lower than yields achieved in other regions of the world. The lack of empirical data for wheat under nonlimiting conditions in this region, however, suggests that maximum reported grain yields f...

Sowing plant available water (PAW s ) can impact wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) stand establishment, early crop development, and yield. Consequently, PAW s is an essential input in crop simulation models and its estimation can improve agronomic decisions. Our objective was to identify effective methods to predict PAW s in continuous winter wheat by...

Methods that estimate the probability of agricultural drought using atmospheric data can be widely applied but have not been compared with actual drought occurrence indicated by soil moisture measurements. Our objectives were to develop a drought probability assessment method using long-term measurements of soil water defi cits (SWDs) and to compar...

Agricultural lime is the recommended method for ameliorating soil acidity; however, in-furrow P fertilizer or pelletized lime are also common practices to manage low soil pH. This study evaluated the effects of broadcast incorporated agricultural lime [2.25 or 4.50 Mg effective calcium carbonate equivalent (ECCE) ha(-1)], banded pelletized lime (22...

Fusarium head blight is a disease that threatens wheat production globally and there is an important need to understand how fungicides combined with genetic resistance improve management, particularly in the hard red winter wheat (HRWW) growing region of the United States. To evaluate this, a field study was conducted across four years in two locat...

Accurate spatial information on yield potential and gaps is key to determine crop production potential. Although statistical methods are widely used to estimate these parameters at regional to global levels, a rigorous evaluation of their performance is lacking. Here we compared outcomes derived from four published statistical approaches based on h...

Background The expected grain yield response to plant density in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) follows a diminishing returns function. To our knowledge, all previous studies dealing with plant density have assumed constant variance. The gap relies on quantifying the optimum plant density that optimizes grain yield at the lowest risk. Here, we...

Sustainable agricultural production aligns with several sustainability goals established by the United Nations (UN). However, there is a lack of studies that comprehensively examine sustainable agricultural practices across various products and production methods. Such research could provide valuable insights into the diverse factors influencing th...

Winter wheat is the most dominant crop in Oklahoma and critically important to the economy of agricultural industry in this state and the region. However, weather anomalies such as droughts, which are frequent in Oklahoma, pose serious threats to winter wheat yield. This study was conducted to assess the effects of droughts on the simulated yield o...

Crop simulation models are widely used to quantify the impacts of climate variability and management practices on crop production. However, crop models require well-estimated coefficients to simulate these processes efficiently, and thus, model calibration and validation are critical for using crop models in agroecosystem investigations. This study...

For winter wheat in the US Central Great Plains, phenotypic plasticity of yield is agronomically adaptive, i.e., genotypes with higher plasticity have higher yield in high yielding environments with no tradeoff in stressful, low yielding environments. Using data from variety trials conducted between 2000 and 2022 and cultivars released between 1967...

Implementing optimized irrigation strategies to achieve acceptable wheat yield while conserving groundwater resources is critical for extensively irrigated regions. Field experiments regarding winter wheat irrigation management were conducted for two growing seasons (2013–2014 and 2014–2015) to calibrate and validate the AquaCrop model. To determin...

Context: In-season nitrogen (N) management tools are essential for optimizing N application rates, maximizing farmers' economic returns and minimizing adverse environmental impacts. The primary limitation to developing such tools is the risk associated with uncertainties in weather forecasts and crop price projections required to estimate yields an...

Unprecedented precipitation deficits in the 2022–2023 growing season across the primary wheat-producing region in the United States caused delays in winter wheat emergence and poor crop growth. Using an integrated approach, we quantitatively unraveled a 37% reduction in wheat production as being attributable to both per–harvested acre yield loss an...

Seeding rate recommendations for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are often 150–450 seeds m⁻². However, we hypothesize that wheat grown with high resource availability (i.e., fertility and moisture) can maximize yield under considerably lower rates. Our objectives were to explore winter wheat response to low populations under high resource availability...

Spatial information on yield potential is key to determine crop production potential on existing cropland. Although statistical methods are widely used to estimate yield potential and yield gaps at regional to global levels, a rigorous evaluation of their performance is lacking. Here, we compared outcomes from three common statistical approaches ag...

Global wheat production has remained stable in the last 20 years, benefiting from increased grain yields despite decline in harvested wheat area. Here, we conducted a comprehensive review of ca. 300 peer-reviewed studies worldwide to outline benefits of adding wheat to simple crop rotations (i.e., one to three rotational crops). We highlight the wh...

Studies that quantify the contribution of genetic improvement to crop yields typically rely on comparisons of old cultivars grown side-by-side with more recent ones. This approach, however, does not allow to distinguish gains in yield potential versus maintenance breeding that aims to keep cultivars adapted to the evolving biophysical environment,...

Low productivity, yield stagnation, and reduction of water use, altogether with increased susceptibility to climate variability represent a challenge for agricultural producers in the United States (US) central Great Plains. In this context, a more holistic assessment of the cropping systems should be considered as a critical aspect for developing...

Context: Owing to the interaction between genotype and environment (G x E), identifying traits to increase wheat yield and grain protein concentration simultaneously or increasing one without affecting the other remains a challenge. Phenotypic plasticity is an insightful perspective to understand G x E. Objective: To explore the relations of wheat...

Background: Despite high nutritional and economic value, alfalfa yield has not been improved in the United States. Soil moisture critically influences alfalfa's yield and quality, affecting its physiological processes, nutrient uptake, and stand growth. Additionally, the maturity stage at harvest can significantly impact both hay yield and quality....

Highlights A multi-layered perceptron type artificial neural network (ANN) was developed to predict the farinograph properties of wheat dough. ANN models with two to four hidden layers were developed for each Farinograph response, i.e., water absorption, dough development time, and dough stability. Permutation importance and Shapley values analysis...

Dryland winter wheat is the most widely grown crop in Oklahoma, where water availability and temperature variations are the major factors affecting the yield of this crop. These effects were assessed using the AquaCrop model. Model calibration and validation were performed using field measurements collected from 11 site-years. The validated model s...

Crop models are widely used to simulate crop growth and development under different management and climate scenarios. These crop models require well-estimated genotype-specific parameters to simulate these processes and accuracy in these parameter estimates is very crucial for predicting crop performance. Recent studies have shown a great uncertain...

The objectives of this study were to quantify long-term tillage practice and nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate effects on yield and N use in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)–fallow (W–S–F) rotation. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with a split–split-plot arrangement. The main plot tr...

Conservation agriculture (CA) is an important aspect of the sustainable management of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Mer-rill] in production systems. This work evaluated the effects of soil management systems (SMS) combined with liming performed in 1986 and in 2008 on soil physical properties and soybean yield. The study used data from the 2008/09 until...

Genotype (G), environment (E), management (M), and their interactions determine grain yield, biochemical composition, and quality of wheat. However, we are not aware of studies evaluating whether intensive management can simultaneously reduce yield gaps and improve wheat milling and baking attributes, which were our main objectives. A factorial exp...

The benefits of no‐till to crop yield depend on environment and crop sequence; thus, understanding their interactions is a long‐term process. This 44‐year field experiment examined grain yield, yield stability, and adaptability of continuous winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Ct‐WT), continuous soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] (Ct‐SY), continuo...

Producers and crop insurance providers will benefit from an accurate assessment of yield reduction after hailstorms that considers crop management, weather, growth stage, and impacted part of crop (hail affected canopy position). But, limited information is available. The main objectives of this study were to quantify wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) y...

Wheat blast, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum pathotype (MoT), is a devastating disease affecting South America, Bangladesh, and Zambia. Resistance to wheat blast has strongly relied on the 2N v S translocation; however, newer MoT isolates have increased aggressiveness, threatening the 2N v S translocation’s effectiveness and durabi...

Context Late-season nitrogen (N) application has been proposed to boost grain yield and grain protein concentration (GPC) in cereals; however, its effects on bread and durum wheat have been inconsistent in field experiments. Objectives We performed a meta-analysis to (i) assess the effect of N applications to wheat after flag leaf visible (GS 37)...

During the past two decades, the wheat producing areas of the Great Plains region in North America experienced frequent, severe yield losses to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici). In general, outbreaks of rust diseases in the Southern Great Plains region often precede disease problems in the Central and Northern Great Plains. However,...

Climate extremes cause significant winter wheat yield loss and can cause much greater impacts than single extremes in isolation when multiple extremes occur simultaneously. Here we show that compound hot-dry-windy events (HDW) significantly increased in the U.S. Great Plains from 1982 to 2020. These HDW events were the most impactful drivers for wh...

Grain crop rotations are common in temperate semiarid regions, but the effect of long-term tillage and fertilizer-nitrogen (N) rate interaction on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench ssp. Bicolor) grain yield in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–sorghum–fallow rotation is not well understood. This study was conducted from 2015 to 2020 using long...

Context Yield gap (Yg) analyses using farmer-reported yield and management data have been performed for a number of annual grain crops, but it lacks for perennial forages. The U.S. accounts for 21 % of the global alfalfa production with a large rainfed area located in the central Great Plains, serving as an interesting case-study for Yg in perennia...

Supplementary material from the paper 'Nitrogen and trinexapac-ethyl effects on wheat grain yield, lodging, and seed physiological quality in southern Brazil'

The United States (US) is the largest alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) producer in the world. More than 44% of the US alfalfa is produced under rainfed conditions, although it requires a relatively high amount of water compared to major field crops. Considering that yield and production of rainfed alfalfa have been relatively stagnant in the country fo...

Light interception (LI) measurements are essential for modeling crop biomass and grain yield. Canopy LI is often measured with linear quantum sensors, but the need for unobstructed sunlight near solar noon can make field measurements impractical. We aimed to evaluate the use of the fraction of green canopy cover (FGCC) as a surrogate for LI in wint...

Experimental data collected on growth and development of plants over a growing season are typically analyzed using a linear mixed model, analogous to a hierarchical linear model in a Bayesian setting. Alternative modeling approaches for repeated measures data involve non-linear models such as logistic regression and ecophysiological dynamic models...

Nitrogen (N) fertilization affects wheat yield and grain protein concentration; however, its mismanagement can increase plant lodging. While the use of plant growth regulators such as trinexapac-ethyl (TE) can mitigate plant lodging, their effects on seed physiological quality are not well known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of...

Nitrogen management is central to the economic and environmental dimensions of agricultural sustainability. Yield response to nitrogen fertilisation results from multiple interacting factors. Theoretical frameworks are lagging for the interaction between nitrogen and air temperature, the focus of this study. We analyse the relation between yield re...

Appropriate genotype selection and management can impact wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield in dryland environments, but their impact on yield components and their role in yield modulation are not well understood. Our objectives were to evaluate the yield response of commercial winter wheat genotypes to different management practices reflecting a s...

Context Sustainable management of the soil is one of the pillars of conservation agriculture (CA). Aims The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of soil management systems (SMS) on liming efficiency, soil chemical properties and wheat yield. Methods This study was part of a long-term experiment established in 1986 in Pass...

Accurate prediction of winter wheat [ Triticum aestivum L. ] heading date is important for determining the potential incidence of diseases and abiotic stresses such as freeze or heat events. Wheat phenological modeling requires cultivar- and crop zone-specific vernalization and photoperiod knowledge. Previous models applied in Kansas showed that th...

Foliar fungicides can account for a large portion of the yield gap in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); however, their impacts on yield have been inconsistent in rainfed environments. We compiled a database of replicated field experiments and producer-reported fungicide and yield data from commercial fields to quantify the effects of fungicide a...

Nitrogen (N) is the main nutrient for plant nutrition, however, its fertilization management is still very complex. To evaluate wheat N utilization efficiency (NUtE) and yield in response to N fertilization management considering the influence of environmental conditions, an experiment was carried out in three field conditions in Southern Brazil: L...

BACKGROUND Integrated wheat management strategies can affect grain yield and flour end‐use properties. However, the effect of integrated management and its interaction with environmental factors on the phenolic acid profiles of wheat has not been reported. The phenolic acid profile has become another parameter for the evaluation of wheat quality du...

With an annual production of ~60 Mt, the U.S. accounts for about 8% of the global wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. Still, quantification of the yield gaps (YG) and major management factors to reduce it are scarce. We used Kansas, the largest wheat producing state in the U.S. located in the central Great Plains, for an initial assessment of...

Stimulant fertilization isthe supplementary application of low doses of foliar fertilizers to otherwise well‐fertilized crops, and literature suggests that it may increase grain yield. However, the physiological mechanisms behind this potential yield increase are not well understood. This study investigated the effect of supplementary foliar nitrog...

The impact of agricultural technologies on crop yield is influenced by the environment type (ENVT) as determined by weather and soil. Understanding the correlation between the ENVT of the testing site in relation to the ENVT of the target production region is important for the evaluation and scaling out of agricultural technologies. Here we propose...

(1) Background: The aim of this study was to explore whether supplementary magnesium (Mg) foliar fertilization to soybean and maize crops established in a soil without Mg limitation can improve the gas exchange and Rubisco activity, as well as improve antioxidant metabolism, converting higher plant metabolism into grain yield. (2) Methods: Here, we...

Increasing yield and grain protein concentration (GPC) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) without excessive nitrogen (N) rates requires increasing N use efficiency (NUE, yield per available N). We assessed the effects of N rate and timing on yield, GPC, and N nutritional indices of two winter wheat genotypes with similar yield but contrasting GPC. Fac...

Information is limited on the effect of intensified management on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) nutrient uptake dynamics. Our goal was to evaluate the effect of agronomic practices on wheat yield and uptake of N, P, K, and S by evaluating the (a) nutrient utilization and uptake at varying yield levels, (b) variation in nutrient concentration...

Resistance to wheat spike blast (WSB), caused by the Magnaporthe oryzae triticum pathotype (MoT), has relied upon a single major source: the 2NvS translocation introgressed from the wild relative Aegilops ventricosa Tausch. However, this resistance is partial and recently partially overcome by newer MoT races. To characterize potential novel loci c...

Ammonia (NH3) volatilization from broadcast urea may lead to significant N losses in winter wheat. We aimed to: (a) quantify N losses through NH3 volatilization from fields fertilized with urea and urea amended with a urease inhibitor (NBPT) under cold weather months (February–April), and (b) investigate the impact of N losses through NH3 volatiliz...

The complex and interactive effects of genotype (G), environment (E), and management (M) can be a barrier to the development of sound agronomic recommendations. We hypothesize that long-term variety performance trials (VPT) can be used to understand these effects and improve regional recommendations. Our objective was to explore long-term VPT data...

The Wheat Initiative (WI) and the WI Expert Working Group (EWG) for Agronomy (www.wheatinitiative.org) were formed with a collective goal to “coordinate global wheat research efforts to increase wheat production, quality, and sustainability to advance food security and safety under changing climate conditions.” The Agronomy EWG is responsive to the...

Despite the proximity in zones of adaptation for soft and hard winter wheat (SWW and HWW; Triticum aestivum L.), agronomic evaluations have been confined to market class. Our objectives were to compare SWW and HWW regarding yield and agronomic attributes; genotype, environment, and their interaction; and rates of yield gain. Yield, grain volume wei...