Roman Krzanowski

Pontifical University of John Paul II in Kraków · Department of Philosophy

This paper examines the problem of disparity between AI systems and human agents in key human characteristics. We point out that this disparity, or gap, despite being recognized, has not been systematically studied. We also argue that without a clearer understanding of this gap, we cannot accurately predict how AI systems will interact with human a...

The paper discusses how modern theories of information converge with the Biblical concept of Logos. We begin with a condensed review of the various concepts of information. We then present some informational interpretations of Biblical Logos and compare them with modern theories of information, specifically the general theory of information (GTI)....

The paper reappraises our understanding of information without favoring any specific perspective. The paper presents the various conceptualizations of information , including biological information, natural information, pragmatic information , physical information, quantum information, quantified information, relative information, semantic informat...

Computer technology abstracts intelligence from consciousness and context of natural intelligent systems. What does this abstraction entail?

With AI, we face the important question of what should be the relationship between us and AI agents or rather, what such a relation could be. The proposals floating around include human-compatibility AI agents, moral AI agents, human-beneficial AI agents, or similar In this paper we claim that these proposals, while opening interesting research are...

AI systems are already creating, to kind of art, music, and poetry, so why not philosophy? •AI systems blur the boundary between human intellect and computer technology. •On the one hand, we could conclude that –philosophy by nature is a uniquely human activity and computer-generated philosophical texts (even is feasible) would not be philosophy pe...

Philosophy in technology is a research program aimed at studying the philosophical roots of engineering and technology, and it asserts that the resolutions to problems need to be based on an understanding of these philosophical roots. In this paper, we define the objectives of philosophy in technology, the kinds of questions it seeks to explore, th...

Philosophy in technology is a research program that studies the philosophical roots of engineering and technology. Philosophy in technology asserts that the resolutions to these problems need to be based on an understanding of their philosophical roots. In åthis paper, we define the objectives of philosophy in technology, the kinds of questions it...

In a paper published in 2021, Prof. Thomas Metzinger proposed a global moratorium on development of synthetic phenomenology, with this beginning in 2021 and lasting until 2050, arguing that the development of conscious artifacts would bring about an explosion of human-like suffering on a global scale. We posit that Prof. T. Metzinger’s argument for...

We argue that cyborgs or other synthetic systems that are conscious, sensing systems will not be like us and they will not be thinking from our perspective; Thus, if they create their own philosophy aka “worldview”, it will be a different philosophy with a different worldview and different norms than ours; it will be an alien philosophy

As we all look on with awe at the performance of the latest large language models (LLMs), some claim that they will eventually give us new philosophy, art, music, and poetry. Some even see a "glimpse of synthetic consciousness" in LLMs. This is perhaps unsurprising given that experts cannot explain how these models do what they do. Moreover, we are...

In philosophy, it is always refreshing to introduce unconventional ideas. It requires a certain audacity from the author; he or she may face the wall of silence or be shunned by academia, both treatments being undesirable. However, these are more rewarding than gathering laurels for beating the dead philosophical cats like Humes, Leibnitzs, Wittgen...

This paper discusses the concept of information formulated by Michael (Michał) Heller. Heller—a philosopher, theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and theologian—provided a complex image of information and its role in nature, which is rarely found in studies of information. Heller posited that the laws of nature may be interpreted as information, or...

In a paper published in 2021, Prof. Thomas Metzinger proposed a global moratorium on synthetic phenomenology, beginning in 2021 and lasting until 2050, arguing that the development of conscious artifacts would bring about an explosion of human-like suffering on a global scale. We posit that Prof. Metzinger’s argument for a global moratorium, as it...

This paper argues that in order to replicate all of the human brain' s functions in some physical substrate through a process known as whole brain emulation (WBE), we also need to replicate the human brain's capacity for mental disorders. Our argument is based on the assumptions and technical definition of WBE put forward by Anders Sandberg and Nic...

This paper discusses how modern concepts of information have converged with the concept of Logos. More specifically, we argue that these current concepts of information approach the pre-scientific concepts of Tao and arche and specifically Logos. The discussion about the persistence of physical things and the formation of snowflake crystals demonst...

This is a short presentation introducing Philosophy in Technology

Philosophy in technology is a research program that studies the philosophical roots of engineering and technology. Engineers claim that the limitations and objectives of technology, the dangers and opportunities it presents, and its impact on society and humanity are solely and uniquely technological problems with solutions exclusively in technolog...

Physical information is a property of nature. How does physical information persist over time? Does it do so as an object, process, or event, which are things considered in the current persistence theories? Physical information is none of these, however, this implies that persistence theories cannot explain the persistence of information. We theref...

This review deviates from the usual approach to the topic of information by not focusing on Shannon's Theory of Communication (TOC) and the related or derived concepts. In addition, we do not talk at length about information in relation to knowledge, data, communication, information processing, or similar concepts. Instead, we endeavor to reapprais...

This is a book review of the book Part and Whole: Towards Topo-Onotology published by Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Warszawskiej in 2022.

In this paper, we examine the meta-ontology of AI systems with human-level intelligence, with us denoting such AI systems as AI E. Meta-ontology in philosophy is a discourse centered on ontology, ontological commitment, and the truth condition of ontological theories. We therefore discuss how meta-ontology is conceptualized for AI E systems. We pos...

The authors study the concept of information and information processing in natural swarm systems

The presentation looks at AI paradigms from the perspective of Kuhn's concepts of paradigm, paradigm shift, anomalies, and incommensurability trying to put new perspective on AI paradigms and their claims of progress towards AGI.

The presentation discusses the possibility of philosophy generated by computers. The discussion centers around the questions of what is philosophy, what is computer and what are computer language models (LM) with the example of GPT-3. In the conclusions it is suggested that the feasibility of philosophy generated by computers depends on what we cal...

The presentation discuss the notion of synthetic philosophy, its nature, and feasibility. The discussion is illustrated with the examples of the GPT-3 NLP responses to selected philosophical questions.

Stanisław Lem is mostly known as a sci-fi writer and not widely perceived as a visionary of the cyber age, despite the fact that he foresaw the future of information technology better than most scientific experts. Indeed, his visions of future information-based societies have proved to be remarkably accurate. Lem’s stories fuse together elements of...

We argue that the Internet is, and is acting as, an EA because it shapes our belief systems, our worldviews. We explain key concepts for this discussion and provide illustrative examples to support our claims. Furthermore, we explain why recognising the Internet as an EA is important for Internet users and society in general. We discuss several way...

In this study, we test GPT-3’s capacity to produce short, coherent essays on philosophical themes. Our interest lies in whether GPT-3 can engage in some sort of philosophical analysis. Thus, we conducted a series of tests with the GPT-3 engine (January 20, 2022 edition) by presenting it with well-defined philosophical problems. As tests indicate, w...

The book is an attempt to distill the essence of teaching of Tae Kwon Do as the Art of harmony of mind and body in less than 1000 words and 20 principles . None of the principles in this book has been taught in a formal way – they cannot be taught. They revealed themselves through the constant practice. They came from casual conversations and loose...

This is a presentation from the Workshop on Philosophy in Technology. Philosophy in technology in short asks question about philosophical underpinnings of technology, about philosophical assumptions, usually implicit, not articulated, hidden from practitioners of technology, yet the assumptions that determine and create the horizon of technological...

The presentation discussed Hubert Dreyfus's phenomenology of skillful coping and its impact on AGI research

GPT-3 (Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3) is an autoregressive language model that has produced human-like texts for a variety of domains. We posit that if GPT-3 does indeed show a glimpse of artificial general intelligence (as some claim), it should also handle philosophical topics well. With this in mind, we conducted a series of tests with th...

We argue that the Internet complex is acting as, an epistemic agent because it shapes our doxastic attitudes and worldviews. Further, we explain key concepts to our claim and provide illustrative examples to support our claims. We also explain why recognizing the Internet as an epistemic agent is important for Internet users and society in general.

The book review of Stuart Ritchie’s Science Fictions: Exposing Frauds, Bias, Negligence and Hype in Science.Published by Penguin Random House, 2020. P.356. The discussed copy was published by Vintage in 2021. Published By GCASReview https://www.gcasreview.com/magazine-1/2022/4/16/what-is-science-a-book-review-of-stuart-ritchies-science-fictions-exp...

In this study, we test GPT-3's capacity to produce short, coherent essays on philosophical themes. Our interest lies in whether GPT-3 can engage in some sort of philosophical analysis. Thus, we conducted a series of tests with the GPT-3 engine (January 20, 2022 edition) by presenting it with well-defined philosophical problems. These problems resem...

Based on the general theory of information (GTI), we study ontological information, which is complementary to the concept of mental information in general and epistemic information in particular.

Ontologies of the real world that are realized, internally, by AI systems and human agents are different. We call this difference an ontological gap. The paper posits that this ontological gap is one of the reasons responsible for the failures of AI, in realizing Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) capacities. Moreover, the authors postulate that...

This special edition of Philosophical Problems in Science (Za- gadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce or ZFN) focuses on concepts of information and computing. On reading this issue, you may be surprised by the absence of traditional perspectives and themes that one would usually expect from such collections, but this apparent oversight is deliberate. The...

James Lovelock, who is famous for the Gaia hypothesis, has written a new book called Novacene: The Coming Age of Hyperintelligence. It is an extended argument about an impending new epoch on Earth called Novacene in which biological life as we know it will evolve into lifeforms based on cyber technology (i.e., cyborgs) built from non-biological mat...

Looking into the future is always a risky endeavour, but one way to anticipate the possible future shape of AI-driven societies is to examine the visionary works of some sci-fi writers. Not all sci-fi works have such visionary quality, of course, but some of Stanisław Lem’s works certainly do. We refer here to Lem’s works that explore the frontiers...

Ontologies of the real world that are realized internally by AI systems and human agents are different. We call this difference an ontological gap. The paper posits that this ontological gap is one of the reasons responsible for failures of AI in realizing Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) capacities. Moreover, the authors postulate that the im...

This paper presents the properties of ontological information. We claim that ontological information is characterized by epistemic neutrality (EN), physical embodiment (PE), and formative nature (FN). We also have formulated two corollaries for ontological information: (C1) information is quantifiable, and (C2) changes in the organization of physic...

Looking into the future is always a risky endeavor, but one way to anticipate the possible future shape of AI-driven societies is to examine the visionary works of some sci-fi writers. Not all sci-fi works have such visionary quality, of course, but some of Stanislaw Lem's works certainly do. We refer here to Lem's works that explore the frontiers...

The book The Road to Conscious Machines: The Story of AI is a seemingly simple, introductory book about AI, but that’s not quite the case. What sort of a book on AI opens with a declaration like this: “much of what is published about AI in the popular press is ill-informed or irrelevant. Most of it is garbage, from a technical point of view, howeve...

Synthetic intelligence—in addition to the properties of reasoning, ethical thinking, judgment, and other characteristics of the human mind—will also exhibit a propensity for mental illness or mental disorder. Mental disorder can be understood here as a sort of malfunction in a synthetic mind or brain. It is obviously a natural feature of the human...

Discussion of concepts and limitations of Trusted AI, Phronetic systems and Beneficial AI.

This paper is the contribution to the discussion “How far can robots go--now and in the future--to fulfill the requirements of full-blown social agents?” focusing on “principles, and procedures” for social agency embodied in smart autonomous robots. We will be taking about specifically humanoid machines aka social robots that would enter the social...

The concept of information can be viewed from two perspectives, namely epistemic and ontological. In the epistemic view, information is associated with meaning, semantics, and knowledge, while in the ontological view, it is understood as structures and forms of objects. Information is most often perceived as epistemic information, yet a closer look...

The book review of Contemporary Polish Ontology. ed. Barlomiej Skowron, published by De Greuter, Berlin/Boston, 2020, 320pp. ISBN 978-3-11-066932-9. to be published in Philosophical Problems in Science (Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce)No 69 (2020), pp. 294–298

This study has investigated the properties that can be attributed to the concept of ontological information. Ontological information is a physical phenomenon, and it does not have any inherent meaning or value. Instead, it is perceived through the structure, organization, or form of natural and artificial (artifacts) objects. This study has six cha...

Within a few decades, autonomous robotic devices, computing machines, autonomous cars, drones and alike will be among us in numbers, forms and roles unimaginable only 20 or 30 years ago. How can we be sure that those machines will not under any circumstances harm us? We need a verification criterion: a test that would verify the autonomous machine’...

Social robotics are autonomous robots or Artificial Moral Agents (AMA), that will interact respect and embody human ethical values. However, the conceptual and practical problems of building such systems have not yet been resolved, playing a role of significant challenge for computational modeling. It seems that the lack of success in constructing...

This paper presents the contributions that a few Polish philosophers made to the discourse on the nature of information during the early second half of the 20 th century. These researchers saw information as a part of physical nature that was not connected to communication, data, or knowledge. Similar notions about the nature of information have on...

Abstract: This paper presents the concept of physical information, and it discusses what physical information is, and how it can be defined. The existence of physical information has been discussed in several studies which recognize that properties of information are characteristic of physical phenomena. That is, information has an objective existe...

Weapons of Math Destruction is a book about the dark side of the Internet and computer technology, and it is not for the faint-hearted. Its author, Cathy O'Neil, is a veteran of data business. With a PhDin number theory from Harvard, she began her career as a university math professor at Baruch College, CUNY. After a few years she moved on to the D...

The paper explores the application of computing science to the modeling of the ethical concepts. The modeling in computers is denoted as in silico modeling. The in silico method has found applications in biology, chemistry, cosmology, sociology among others. The applications of in silico modeling to philosophical problems (like ethics) are rather i...

The note discusses the concept of meaningful, physical information presented by Carlo Rovelli. It points out certain consequences of the information model not elucidated in the original paper but important to its comprehensive understanding.

The note discusses the concept of meaningful, physical information presented by Carlo Rovelli. It points out certain consequences of the information model not elucidated in the original paper but important to its comprehensive understanding.

Information is thought of as either abstract or concrete. The dilemma of the nature of information arises as information may be conceptualized as an idea, a concept, so it is abstract not concrete or it may be conceptualized as a physical entity so it is concrete not abstract. Paul Davies (and few other writers) asks how these two kinds of informat...

Keywords: information, epistemic information, ontological information, quantified models of information. Abstract The concept of information can be viewed from two perspectives, namely epistemic and ontological. 1 In the epistemic view, information is associated with meaning, semantics, and knowledge, while in the ontological view, it is understood...

A review of Jaron Lanier’s Ten Arguments for Deleting Your Social Media Accounts Right Now (first edition), published by Bodley Head, May 31, 2018.

The goal of social robotics design is to build robots that will interact with humans in a safe and ethical way. Such robots, or Artificial Moral Agents (AMA), would be expected to exhibit ethical capacities similar to that of humans. However, the conceptual and practical problems of building such agents have not yet been resolved. It seems that the...

The presentation discussed the application of Situational Theory to the modeling Ethical Knowledge Bases in A-Robots

Pancomputationalism is quite a wide-ranging concept, but most of its variants, either implicitly or explicitly, rely on Turing's conceptualizations of a computer and computing, which are obvious anthropomorphisms. This paper questions the concept of pancomputationalism based on Turing computing and asks what concept of computation can be used to av...

This paper proposes a new model of ethical ascend for ethical robots inspired by Aristotelian concept of phronesis.Current models of ethical decisions in A-Robots operate on the level of a novice or an advanced beginners. Machine Ethics research should focus on trying to replicate phronesis (selected aspects of it) as a decision method as phronesis...

ABSTRACT. Fourth Industrial Revolution – a course or a blessing? On Martin Ford’s argument. Fourth Industrial Revolution is on our doorsteps. We need to think about it now. The paper analyses Martin Ford’s statement from his book the Rise of Robots which prophesies coming of doom in a guise of AI controlled machines. Is he right? And how he is argu...

The presentation summarizes the concept of supra-ethics in a-robots and discusses some directions of the future research in the area of emerging ethics in autonomous robotics

We ask in this presentation whether we can take intuitive, precognitive, pre scientific conceptualizations of Ancient Greeks, conceptualizations which by their very nature (as pre-philosophical intuitions) are vague and imprecise, as early versions of our modern concept of information. We may ask, alternatively: Whether do we see any of these simil...

The review of selected problems in Machine Ethics- machine ethics computability, supra-ethics, machine Turing test. The presentation is based on the several previous presentations delivered by the author from 2017 -2016 on conferences in Cracow, Stuttgart, and Goteborg. However, substantial changes and editions have been made to slides to reflect t...

This is a draft of a research paper attempting to develop ontological interpretation of information. Information is here understood as a forming element of the nature and is not mind-dependent phenomena. I would welcome comments and suggestions from researchers interested in the same topic.

There are many ontologies of the world or of specific phenomena such as time, matter, space, and quantum mechanics 1. However, ontologies of information are rather rare. One of the reasons behind this is that information is most frequently associated with communication and computing, and not with 'the furniture of the world'. But what would be the...

This paper explicates the concept of supra-ethics and discusses its ontological aspects – ontology of supra-ethics.

Autonomous robots, or a-robots for short, will have the capacity to learn and share their experiences with other a-robots. The combined experience of millions of a-robots will give rise to supra-ethics. In the coming decades, a-robots acting in a number of social roles will become a common element in all our social settings. All of these a-robots w...

Autonomous robots, or a-robots for short, will have the capacity to learn and share their experiences with other a-robots. The combined experience of millions of a-robots will give rise to supra-ethics. In the coming decades, a-robots acting in a number of social roles will become a common element in all our social settings. All of these a-robots w...

Within a few decades autonomous robotic devices, computing machines, autonomous cars, drones and alike will be among us in numbers, forms and roles unimaginable only 20 or 30 years ago. How can we be sure that those machines will not under any circumstances harm us ? We need a verification criterion: a test that would verify the autonomous machine’...

Within a few decades autonomous robotic devices, computing machines, autonomous cars, drones and alike will be among us in numbers, forms and roles unimaginable only 20 or 30 years ago. How can we be sure that those machines will not under any circumstances harm us ? We need a verification criterion: a test that would verify the autonomous machine...

Within a few decades, autonomous robotic devices, computing machines, autonomous cars, drones and alike will be among us in numbers, forms and roles unimaginable only 20 or 30 years ago. How can we be sure that those machines will not under any circumstances harm us? We need a verification criterion: a test that would verify the autonomous machine’...

W referacie zastanawiamy się, czy dzialanie algorytmów genetycznych lub ewolucyjnych jest procesem obliczeniowym czy biologicznym, oraz jakie konsekwencje wynikają dla filozofii i informatyki w wyniku przyjęcia jednej z tych perspektyw. Algorytmy genetyczne są procesami obliczeniowymi wzorowanymi na procesach genetycznych i ewolucyjnych. Ideą dział...

This paper presents Minimal Information Structural Realism (MISR), that claims that information (signified by I) is an ontologically and epistemologically objective entity (signified by R) and is apprehended as, but not identical to structures perceived in nature (signified by S). Two informal arguments are presented in support of this claim. One a...

This essay argues that the question of computability of ethics in autonomous machines is a nonsensical one. It is nonsensical because the question attempts to endow a computer with some metaphysical qualities which, because of its nature, a computer does not have and considering what computing and ethics are, in high probability never will have (f....

This presentation argues that the question of computability of ethics in autonomous machines is a nonsensical one. It is nonsensical because the question attempts to endow a computer with some metaphysical qualities which, because of its nature, a computer does not have and considering what computing and ethics are, in high probability never will h...

Zajmował się informatyką i telekomunikacją przez 30 lat. Obecnie koncentruje się na filozofii informatyki i w ramach pracy doktorskiej z filozofii na zagadnieniu istoty informacji. Doktorat uzyskał na Uniwersytecie w Londynie na podstawie dysertacji o przestrzennych algorytmach genetycznych. Opublikował kilka książek na temat sztucznej inteligencji...

A method may include receiving a message from a first Ethernet interface in a second Ethernet interface, wherein the message includes a first attribute indicative of an Ethernet service at the first interface according to a first operation, administration, or management (OAM) protocol. The method may further include mapping the first attribute to a...

Claude Shannon in his paper “A mathematical theory of communication” formulated the concept of information. Shannon’s the definition of information is accepted today not only in computer sciences and telecommunication but in physics, cosmology and biology, data processing and many other areas. The Shannon theory has found multiple applications rela...

Claude Shannon in his paper “A mathematical theory of communication” formulated the concept of information. Shannon’s the definition of information is accepted today not only in computer sciences and telecommunication but in physics, cosmology and biology, data processing and many other areas. The Shannon theory has found multiple applications rela...

Informacja jako struktura. Przemyślenia o istocie informacji Referat omówi problemy z definicją pojęcia informacji. Poruszane zagadnienia obejmą przegląd sposobów określania istoty informacji (epistemologiczna i ontologiczna), krytyka informacji Shannona, krytyka triady informacja-materia-energia, trzy sposoby dotarcia do istoty informacji jako str...

A request is received to compute a route from a start point to an end point. The route is computed using map data that includes a plurality of map elements, and route data that includes rules associated with the map elements, each of the rules being triggered by a condition flag that specifies a condition according to which the rule should be appli...

There are many ontologies of the world or of specific phenomena such as time, matter, space, and quantum mechanics1. However, ontologies of information are rather rare. One of the reasons behind this is that information is most frequently associated with communication and computing, and not with ‘the furniture of the world’. But what would be the n...