Roman Gabrhelík

Charles University, 1st Faculty of Medicine · Department of Addictology

Background: There is a lack of studies on methamphetamine (MA) exposure and morbidity in children beyond the perinatal period. Objectives: We compared morbidity in children (0-3 years) with prenatal MA exposure to opioid-exposed and to non-exposed children. Methods: We used data from a Czech nationwide, registry-based cohort study (2000-2014)....

Background The implementation of quality standards and measures in the school-based prevention of risk behaviors is not well evidenced in the literature. Aims The description of the emergence and implementation of an original nationwide quality management for the prevention of risk behaviors. Methods Narrative review from database searches, inclu...

Background: A large proportion of the prison population experiences substance use disorders (SUDs), which are associated with poor physical and mental health, social marginalization, and economic disadvantage. Despite the global situation characterized by the incarceration of large numbers of people with SUD and the health problems associated with...

Background eHealth interventions can help people change behavior (eg, quit smoking). Reminders sent via SMS text messaging or email may improve the adherence to web-based programs and increase the probability of successful behavior change; however, it is unclear whether their efficiency is affected by the modality of the communication channel. Obj...

BACKGROUND A large proportion of the prison population experiences substance use disorders (SUDs), which are associated with poor physical and mental health, social marginalization, and economic disadvantage. Despite the global situation characterized by the incarceration of large numbers of people with SUD and the health problems associated with S...

Impulsem k zahájení procesu, jenž postupně vedl až ke vzniku zdravotnické profese adiktologa v České repub-lice, byla reakce na nedostatek dostatečně vzdělaných profesionálů v nově vznikajících službách v 90. letech. Postupem času však došlo k natolik výrazné a úspěšné profilaci této nové profese, že byl uvedený rámec překro-čen a vznikl zcela svéb...

Children's excessive screen use is associated with health risks such as obesity, sleep problems , attention problems, and others. The effect of parental regulative efforts focused on screen/me-dia use (media parenting) is currently unclear and difficult to examine given the heterogeneity of measuring tools used for its assessment. We aimed to devel...

The COVID-19 outbreak and related restrictions meant a higher incidence of screen-related risk behaviors in both children and adolescents. Our goal was to assess the perceived importance and extent of school-based preventions related to these risks during the long-term, nation-wide distant schooling period in the Czech Republic. The online survey w...

BACKGROUND eHealth interventions can help people change behavior (eg, quit smoking). Reminders sent via SMS text messaging or email may improve the adherence to web-based programs and increase the probability of successful behavior change; however, it is unclear whether their efficiency is affected by the modality of the communication channel. OBJ...

Introduction Opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) varies across settings and between countries. We plan to use data from several nationwide health and population registers to further improve the knowledge base established from earlier studies. Our aim is to study OMT adherence trajectories and to identify factors associated with improved outcomes for...

Background: There is limited knowledge on the adverse outcomes in newborns after maternal methamphetamine (MA) use during pregnancy. Objectives: To compare neonatal outcomes in newborns exposed to MA with the newborns of opioid-exposed mothers and of mothers from the general population (GP). Method: A cohort study using nationwide registries i...

Background: Most severe substance use disorders (SUDs) are connected with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other mental health problems. Therapeutic communities (TCs) provide a suitable option for the treatment of severe SUDs. The relationship between ADHD, the severity of the SUD, and other comorbidities in residential TCs is u...

Background: With recent changes in legislation regulating recreational and medical cannabis use around the globe, increased use in pregnancy is to be expected. Objectives: To investigate the association between cannabis use during pregnancy and birth outcomes. Method: Data from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), a prospective...

Background: Drinking and smoking have economic consequences and are the main risk factors of mortality and morbidity. Disease-specific deaths attributable to using substances present the primary health indicator in this study. This analysis focuses on mortality in productive age, 15 to 64 years since those deaths are considered the highest economic...

Background and aims: The current level of knowledge concerning the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on internet use, gambling, and substance use in structurally disadvantaged regions is scarce. The objective of this study was an investigation of the relationship between SES and risky internet use, gambling and substance use in a structurally d...

Background: Maternal substance use can pose a risk to the fetal health. We studied the background characteristics of women with substance use disorders (SUDs) and selected neonatal outcomes in their children. Material and methods: A database-linkage study was performed. The sample consisted of pregnant women with a SUD during pregnancy (ICD-10 d...

Background: Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) are the second most commonly used illicit drugs in Europe and globally. However, there is limited understanding of what shapes patterns of ATS use over the life course. The ATTUNE project "Understanding Pathways to Stimulant Use: a mixed methods examination of the individual, social and cultural factor...

Objective: Comprehensive bachelor's, master's, and doctorate-level curricula of Addiction Studies (Addictology) were developed and implemented at Charles University (First Faculty of Medicine) between 2003 and 2012. This Prague model combines three evidence-based approaches to addressing substance use - prevention, treatment, and public health - i...

Background: Smoke-free policy belongs to key public health instruments to promote health in populations. In 2017, new comprehensive smoke-free law prohibiting smoking in indoor public places was implemented. We aimed to measure changes in tobacco smoking patterns and changes in motivation to quit in adult smokers prior to and after the new smoke-f...

here is lack of knowledge about the safety of treatment with methadone and bu‐prenorphine as part of opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to examine neonatal outcomes concerning the use of OMT during pregnancy. We used nationwide registry linkages from the Czech Republic (2000‐2014) and Norway (2004‐201...

Across many domains of health and welfare, there have been remarkable advances in prevention where public-health models have had a significant impact. Psychology has much to offer in building on these successes and we describe some excellent examples, but in general, it has not been fully engaged with prevention science and implementation. We set o...

Background and Aims Our understanding of the long‐term safety of prenatal exposure to Opioid Maintenance Treatment (OMT) is insufficient. We compared childhood morbidity (0‐3 years) between OMT‐exposed and relevant comparison groups. Design Nation‐wide, registry‐based cohort study. Registries on reproductive health, addiction treatment, hospitaliz...

Background: The field of addiction studies (AS) has grown in the last several decades. However, little is known about the structure and conditions of current academic programs. Only two studies have examined AS programs in the U.S., and both were conducted almost 15 years ago. The current study was designed to identify AS programs existing in the U...

Background and Aims Opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) is recommended to opioid dependent females during pregnancy. However, it is not clear which medication should be preferred. We aimed to compare neonatal outcomes after prenatal exposure to methadone (M) and buprenorphine (B) in two European countries. Design Nationwide register-based cohort s...

The aim of this paper is to present a specific patient population who were treated for alcohol addiction in the Department of Addictology of the General University Hospital in Prague (DoA) between 10/2016 and 02/2017, and discuss the psychopathologies, quality of life, levels of alcohol consumption and depression found in this group. After applying...

We conducted a feasibility study for matching children (N = 2571, average age 12 years, 50.4% female) and their parents (N = 1931, average age 41 years, 83.3% female) represented by an anonymous self-generated identification code (SGIC) and assessed its methodological properties. We used a nine-character SGIC with the children and a mirrored versio...

Background and aims Out of a large number of studies on Internet addiction, only a few have been published on the prevention of Internet addiction. The aim of this study is provide a systematic review of scientific articles regarding the prevention of Internet addiction and to identify the relevant topics published in this area of interest. Method...

Licit and illicit drug use in pregnant women constitutes a long lasting and serious problem worldwide. Information on long-term effects of maternal drug use on the child is limited. Nationwide registers provide a great potential to study short and long-term consequences for children exposed to licit and illicit drugs during pregnancy. We discuss th...

Aims: We mapped and described university study programmes in the addictions field (USPA) in Europe, according to degrees, professional backgrounds, titles, methods of delivery, duration, entrance requirements, fees, clinical practice requirements and courses offered. Methods: The study consisted of two parts: 1) a general mapping of USPA – utilisin...

The undergraduate bachelor’s study programme in addictology in the Czech Republic has existed since 2005. It was the logical consequence of the former development of education and training programmes within the 1990s initiated by some NGOs in the Czech Republic and had links to a long-term process that started at the beginning of the 1960s (with it...

Background: Methamphetamine (MA) use constitutes a serious public health problem in the Czech Republic. There is a lack of information about the interest of active drug users of MA on potential pharmacotherapy of MA addiction. Aim: To map the interest of active MA users in pharmacotherapy. Methodology: The data of the questionnaire study were analy...

Aim To study the effect of a universal prevention intervention targeting cannabis use in individual children with different risk profiles. Methods A school-based randomized controlled prevention trial was conducted over a period of 33 months (n=1,874 sixth-graders, baseline mean age 11.82). We used a two-level random intercept logistic model for p...

Background: Methamphetamine Use Disorders (MUD) pharmacotherapy research yields contradictory results. Objective: Our objective was to identify treatment outcome features of intravenous users of methamphetamine (IUM) treated by one healthcare provider using stable methylphenidate (MPH) substitution protocols over an extended interval. Method: We re...

Publikace reprezentuje současný stav vývoje prevenitivní praxe základních škol v oblasti rizikového chování dětí a mládeže. Je součástí publikační tetralogie zabývají-cí se současnou teorií i praxí prevence rizikového chování a kvalitou a efektivitou preventivních programů a intervencí. Publikace je rozdělena do celkem tří samostat-ných částí, kter...

Výkladový slovník základních pojmů a konceptů prevence rizikového chování je po mnoha různých pokusech o sjednocení terminologie v oblasti školské prevence v České republice ojedinělou publikací, doplňující vznikající původní základní učební texty. Kniha je určena všem pracovníkům v primární prevenci bez ohledu na jejich resortní a institucionální...

Kniha navazuje na tři monografie zabývající se školskou prevencí rizikového chování a zpracovává téma kvality a efektivity jako součást 15 let budovaného a vyvíjeného systému mezioborově a meziresortně ukotvené prevence. Autoři v úvodu představují základní rámec a kontext ve kterém jsou témata kvality a efektivity v České republice v prevenci rozví...

Kniha Prevence rizikového chování ve školství vznikala téměř 4 roky a podílely se na ní více než dvě desítky domácích autorů, reprezentujících různé instituce a tematické oblasti primární prevence. Druhé vydání bylo doplněno o další klíčová témata refle-kutjící vývoj teorie i praxe školské prevence v České republice v posledních letech. Současně je...

International collaboration between the organizations: – IREFREA, ES, – LJMU, UK, – CUNI, CZ, – STAD, SE, – UTRIP, SI , – IREFREA, PT,

EFE – STRATEGIES FOR PREVENTION PRACTITIONERS First of all, parents should know that the use and abuse of drugs such as alcohol, tobacco or cannabis are a common practice in today’s teenager lifestyles. This is because there are circumstances, often external to the family, which promote or facilitate that such consumptions occur. Here we’ll underst...

The period 1999–2015 witnessed the devel- opment of a vision of an integrated system of school-based prevention of risk behaviour (ISSP) in the Czech Republic. The practical application of the prospec- tive ISSP and its pilot testing were the main objectives of two structural projects, VYNSPI-1 (2009–2011) and VYNSPI-2 (2014–2015). The desire to ac...

BACKGROUND - In the Czech Republic, education in addiction science consists of a distinctive and interconnected system of non-medical healthcare education on the Bachelor’s (Bc) and Master’s (MA) levels, followed by a doctoral study programme (PhD). Addictology (addiction science) as a new term is defined as a distinct and independent field of scie...

Background Well-being and emotional well-being in particular is considered to be an essential part of the definition of health itself. On the other hand, stress has been linked to the development of physical and mental illness. According to the self-determination theory higher levels of self-determination improve well-being while social support has...

The objectives were to: (i) estimate the extent of the injecting equipment (IE) provided by needle exchange programs (NEPs) to injecting drug users (IDUs) in the Czech Republic in 2010; (ii) subsequently validate the recent methodology used for data collection by the Czech National Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (CMC), and (iii) est...

This study aims to examine the effect of school-based preventive intervention on cannabis use in Czech adolescents with different levels of risk factors and provide evidence of its universality. A randomized controlled prevention trial with six waves was conducted over a period of 33 months. We used a two-level logistic random-intercept model for p...

In this paper we introduce the designs of two semi-independent randomised controlled prevention trials. The objective of both research projects is to examine the effect of a school-based prevention intervention, called Unplugged, on substance use in Czech and Slovak sixth-graders. In the Czech Republic, in addition, another primary aim is to study...

BACKGROUND: There is little scientific evidence on how parents and caregivers organize and empower themselves to reduce ATOD use in their children. METHODS: Multi-site qualitative study, focus groups data were analyzed and interpreted using itemization, clustering, categorization, contrasting, and comparison. SAMPLE: A total of 85 parents/caregiver...

The objectives were to: (i) estimate the extent of the injecting equipment (IE) provided by needle exchange programs (NEPs) to injecting drug users (IDUs) in the Czech Republic in 2010; (ii) subsequently validate the recent methodology used for data collection by the Czech National Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (CMC), and (iii) est...

Impact evaluations of the school-based Unplugged prevention intervention have shown it to have a measurably positive preventive effect on the Czech school population, but only limited data are available to identify its effectiveness in gender-specific terms. This article seeks to determine the gender-specific effectiveness of this drug prevention p...

Background: Parents play an important role in determining the risk of children's drug use. The aim of this study was to analyse how certain family-related variables (permissiveness toward drug use, and parental control and affect) were linked to the use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis, based on young people's self-report of such variables. Metho...

Unplugged es un programa de prevencion escolar que se desarrolla en diversos paises europeos, y que cuenta ya con varias evaluaciones. En este caso se pretende medir el impacto de la intervencion sobre el consumo de tabaco utilizando las prevalencias de por vida y los ultimos 30 dias, asi como tambien verificar la duracion del efecto mediante un se...

Unplugged is a school prevention programme widely implemtend in Europe, with some positive evaluations. This research aims to measure the impact of this program on tobacco use by means of the lifetime and last-30-day tobacco use prevalence indicators and verify the duration of the intervention's measurable effect over time. The study was designed a...

Understanding the developmental pathways and sex differences in cigarette smoking behaviors in adolescents has the potential to positively impact substance abuse prevention and to reduce smoking-related health problems. Using data from the Unplugged school-based prevention trial, we investigated different patterns of smoking behavior development am...

BACKGROUND: Studies published by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) in 2006 and 2009 (“How Young Adults Obtain Prescription Pain Relievers for Nonmedical Use” and “Trends in Non-medical Use of Prescription Pain Relievers: 2002 to 2007”) introduce evidence of a trend of abusing prescribed opioid analgesics. This i...

The Czech Unplugged Study, inspired by the European Drug Addiction Prevention Trial, is a prospective, school-based, randomized controlled prevention trial designed to reduce the risk of alcohol, tobacco, inhalant, and illegal drug use in 6th graders in the Czech Republic. The intervention uses the comprehensive social influence model to affect alc...

Cílem studie je zjistit, zda má program Unplugged vliv na užívání konopí prostřednictvím indikátorů celoživotrní a třicetidenní intervence. Ověřit dobu trvání měřitelného efektu programu v čase prostřednictvím retestů.

The development and implementation of prevention interventions in the Czech Republic have experienced a number of challenges in the Czech Republic. It is common for such interventions to be inappropriately documented, precluding thorough preparation and process evaluation. In addition, the publication standards and the availability of the documents...

Průzkum domácí literatury a popis, jaké studie byly za posledních 20 let v ČR publikovány a které splňují alespoň základní kritéria provádění evaluačních studií preventivních intervencí zhlediska evaluace dopadů/efektivity.

The term "club drugs" or "dance drugs" generally refers to the setting in which the drugs are used, i.e. club environment or dance events. The article provides an overview of the main symptoms of acute intoxication, the effects of long-term use, and the utilisation of some "dance drugs", including MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine), ketamine,...

Methamphetamine (pervitin) has a unique position on the Czech drug scene. The problem use of this substance entails a range of health consequences, as well as having serious implications in terms of public health. The problem users of pervitin account for two thirds of all the problem drug users in the Czech Republic. Pervitin use-related indicator...

New developments and trends:drug policy; drug use in the general population and specific targeted groups; prevention; problem drug use; drug-related treatment; health correlates and consequences; responses to health correlates and consequences; social correlates and social reintegration; drug-related crime, prevention of drug-related crime, and pri...

Historically, the context of the development of self-help groups operating in the Czech Republic differs from that experienced in the neighboring countries, such as Austria, Germany, or Poland. Partly because of the circumstances under the communist regime, the general framework for the operation of self-help groups was different. The totalitarian...

Školní metodici prevence si často zajišťují programy prevence sami. Málokdy se přitom preventivní program prevence skládá z více lekcí a využívá více prvků než jen prostou edukaci nebo diskuzi.

BACKGROUND: The Unplugged programme, a model of non-specific primary prevention within the EUDAP-2 project, is implemented and evaluated in the setting of Czech elementary schools. The Unplugged programme is provided by the school prevention workers as part of the school curriculum (12 lessons per school year), which represents a specific trait of...

BACKGROUND: Injecting drug users (IDUs) show a high level of risky behaviour and pose a potentially dangerous source for the spread of HIV/AIDS and other blood-borne diseases. The IDU population represents a very significant target group for appropriate public health interventions. Pharmacies and their more intensive involvement in the system of th...

BACKROUND: The EUDAP 2 Project took place in Czech basic schools during the years 2007/2008. The main goal of this project was to test the applicability and effectiveness of the Unplugged primary prevention programme in the selected Czech schools. Because of the effectiveness study, another analysis was carried out in schools. This analysis was foc...

Při pohledu na záplavu současné odborné literatury se zdá, že doba, kdy důležitá témata bývala důkladně monograficky zpracovávána, pominula. Vše se chrlí jaksi sériově, lhůty krátké, výsledky pomíjivé. Než kniha vyjde, většinou už je zastaralá. Dílo, které držíte v ruce, je však svým zaměřením, rozsahem, zpracováním a způsobem uchopení tématu zcela...

Research interest in the procrastination dates back to 1960s. Procrastination (i.e. protracted delay in starting or completing tasks) is quite frequent in college student population. In this paper an overview of recent knowledge about procrastination supported by results of empirical research is introduced. Procrastination is usually assessed with...

Analýza potřeb klientů nízkoprahových zařízení v Praze v roce 2003 obsahuje výsledky analýzy, provedené mezi klienty nízkoprahových zařízení určených pro uživatele nelegálních návykových látek v Praze. Navazuje na obdobnou studii provedenou ve Středočeském kraji (Gabrhelík, Charvát, 2004). Obě studie jsou z hlediska svých výsledků komplementární; v...

Background: The three year project "Evaluation of drug precautions and programmes realized in central Bohemian region" which started in 2003 was placed by county council of central Bohemian region. The first phase of the project was concluded in first trimester of 2004, the outcome of this phase consisted of three substudies. The third one is the n...