Rohini Nair

• Banaras Hindu University

Coordinated gene expression allows spatiotemporal control of cellular processes and is achieved by the cotranscription/translation of functionally related genes/proteins. Prokaryotes evolved polycistronic messages (operons) to confer expression from a single promoter to efficiently cotranslate proteins functioning on the same pathway. Yet, despite...

Prokaryotes utilize polycistronic messages (operons) to co-translate proteins involved in the same biological processes. Whether eukaryotes achieve similar regulation by selectively assembling and translating monocistronic messages derived from different chromosomes is unknown. We employed transcript-specific RNA pulldowns and RNA-seq/RT-PCR to ide...

Prokaryotes utilize polycistronic messages (operons) to co-translate proteins involved in the same biological process. Whether eukaryotes achieve similar regulation by selectively assembling monocistronic messages derived from different chromosomes is unclear. We employed transcript-specific RNA pulldowns and RNA-seq/RT-PCR to identify mRNAs that c...

Problem Decline in myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and Th2 cytokines levels leads to early miscarriage (EM) but how the hormonal milieu of the body regulates MDSCs and Th1/Th2 cytokine balance is still a matter of investigation. Method of study Peripheral blood and decidua samples were collected from 20 EM patients and 20 healthy pregnant...

Early miscarriage (EM) is one of the most devastating obstetrical complications globally affecting the quality of women’s life. In the present study, we aimed to identify proteins that correlate with and could act as biomarkers for EM. We performed 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis in chorionic villi samples followed by mass spectrometry for identi...

Histones are the protein component of nucleosomes, which are the basic packing unit of chromatin. However, histones are also found in the blood, both as components of nucleosomes leaked out from dead cells, or expelled from neutrophils in the active process of NET formation. Circulating histones contribute to inflammation, and to lethality in sepsi...

MG132 abrogates LPS-induced transcription of Ikbia, Il6, Il1b, and Tnf genes. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from wt mice were left unstimulated or incubated for 4 h with LPS, MG132, or the combination thereof. qPCR performed on Ikbia, Il6, Il1b, and Tnf genes showed that transcription was decreased by two to three orders of magnitude in B...

Validation of the assay to measure the number of IA/IE-positive extracellular vesicles. Plasma from an untreated mouse was diluted with PBS and incubated with anti-CD63 coated beads; beads were then stained with PE-labeled antibody against IA/IE (a marker of antigen-presenting cells). The number of IA/IE positive beads is proportional to the amount...

Histone-laden extracellular vesicles (EVs) in plasma from mice challenged with LPS. (A) Flow cytometry data on the number of IA/IE positive EVs in plasma of PBS- or LPS-injected mice. Plasma was diluted with PBS and incubated with anti-CD63 coated beads as described in the legend to Figure S3 in Supplementary Material. Shown are representative data...

Polymyxin B (PMB) abrogates the activity of LPS present in the medium of LPS-challenged BMDMs. qPCR shows that transcriptional activity induced by LPS is reduced 200–1,000-fold by PMB. This allows to add LPS to BMDMs, but then eliminate its activity when the supernatant of LPS-challenged BMDMs is tested on naïve BMDMs (Figure 7). Groups are compare...

Electron microscopy imaging reveals positivity for histones in microvesicles and exosomes (MEs) and macrobodies (MBs). A mixed population of MBs and MEs was stained with immunogold conjugated antibodies anti-H2A (upper panels) or anti-H3 (lower panels) and analyzed by EM. Scale bar: 0.5 µm.

Flow cytometry and electron microscopy analysis of macrobodies (MBs) and microvesicles and exosomes (MEs). (A) FACS analysis of MBs. Reference beads with defined size (1, 3, and 6 µm: black, blue, and red, respectively) were run together with MBs to define the size scale. MEs are too small and cannot be distinguished from the electronic noise of th...

Previous reports clearly suggest that IL-17 have important role in development of systemic and peripheral inflammation in early miscarriage (EM). In the present study, we have investigated the association between genetic variants in IL-17A, IL-17F and susceptibility to EM. We recruited 135 EM patients and 150 controls and used PCR-RFLP method for g...

Gene expression is crucial and tightly regulated to steer the development, differentiation, proliferation and even apoptosis of a cell. Each cell and tissue type shows a unique repertoire of transcription factors. Tissue micro-environmental regulation of epigenetic signature of a gene has been documented in many cases. Epigenetic factors play a sig...

The success of pregnancy depends mostly on a synchronized immune-endocrine crosstalk at the maternal-fetal interface. Hormones are important in terms of maintaining the suitable environment and sufficient nutrition for the developing fetus. They also play a major role during the process of parturition and lactation. Maternal immunomodulation is imp...

A bifunctional colorimetric and fluorescent chemosensor of type 3,5-dinitro-2-hydroxy benzaldehyde rhodamine hydrazone (RHDN) was synthesized by the condensation of 3,5-dinitro salicylaldehyde and rhodamine B hydrazide. It was characterized using spectroscopic techniques and single crystal studies. The chemosensor RHDN exhibited remarkably enhanced...

ProblemThe contribution of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in patients suffering from early or recurrent miscarriage is unknown. MDSC are implicated in modulation of T-cell response in healthy pregnancies; however, the role of MDSC in patients suffering from miscarriage has not been studied. We hypothesized that MDSC play major role in indu...

Problem: The contribution of systemic S100A8 protein in menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and early pregnancy loss (EPL) is not known. Altered expression of S100A8 in maternal decidua is associated with recurrent early pregnancy loss. The objective of this study was to investigate the systemic level of S100A8 in different phases of menstrual cycle, diff...

An appropriate ratio of interleukin 1 beta to interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL1Ra) is required for successful pregnancy. Our objective was to study the genetic association between IL1RN variable numbers of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). To analyze the association between IL1RN VNTR allele and RPL, we inve...

Objective To study the genetic association between Cytochrome P450 family 1 (CYP1A1) T6235C polymorphism and glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) null mutations and endometriosis. Methods A total of 121 unrelated women having complaints of pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dysuria, dyschezia, dysparenuia and infertility were enrolled. Out of these 71 con...

C+3953T IL-1 B single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping was carried out in 140 unrelated early pregnancy loss (EPL) patients and in 198 fertile healthy control women and in chorionic villous samples by PCR-RFLP. In Indian population, this is the first report on association of IL-1 B SNP C+3953T polymorphism and EPL.

Objective: To study the genetic association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) A1298 polymorphism and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Design: Prospective case-control study, systematic review, and meta-analysis using an electronic database up to July 27, 2012. Setting: Meta-analysis of four studies on RPL and three studies on...

Cystathionine beta synthase (CBS) and Methionine synthase (MS) maintains the level of homocysteine in blood. Our objective was to study the genetic association of CBS 844ins68 and MS D919G polymorphism with early pregnancy loss (EPL) and Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). We investigated 174 EPL patients in which 130 were RPL patients and 180 healthy...

Glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) and glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1) enzymes of the glutathione detoxification pathway protect the embryo from oxidative stress. This study investigated GSTT1 and GSTM1 in relation to their role in conferring genetic susceptibility to pregnancy loss. In a case-control study, 174 early pregnancy loss (...

Apoptosis during the early stages of pregnancy enables the remodeling of the uterus for proper placentation. Apoptosis in the maternal activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes allows maternal immune tolerance to pregnancy and in glandular and stromal cells it helps with trophoblastic endometrial invasion. FAS gene is expressed at the maternal-fetal interf...

Recurrent early pregnancy loss (REPL) is a multifactorial disorder as both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of disease. Folate metabolism is an important mechanism to ensure proper fetal growth. Hyperhomocysteinemia leads to a number of disorders and REPL is one of them. In a case-control study DNA from 106 cases with...

Angiogenesis, invasion and decidualization play an important role in uterine preparation and embryo development. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are crucial for the degradation/remodelling of the extracellular matrix and are involved in spiral artery formation and invasion of endometrium during implantation. A functional single-nucleotide polymorph...