Roger Ellman

• BS, MS, EEA
• Managing Director at The-Origin Foundation, Inc.

science that fail to provide a cause. - Einstein’s gravitation contends that mass curves space but lacks a cause or mechanics for the curving of space and of space being “curveable”, - The “spooky action at a distance” of Quantum Mechanics lacks a cause. - The particle theory of the photon cannot withstand causal analysis. Such cases mean, b...

On October 9-10, 2014, several dozen scientists from around the world gathered for a meeting called by NIST at The National Institute of Standards and Technology to consider the problem of Newton’s Gravitation Constant, Big G. That problem is an unacceptable range of divergent Big G measured values and the lack of precision in the value of Big G a...

Can the Brain comprehend itself ? Is it possible for the Brain to figure itself out ? Is it possible for the Brain to understand itself, to explain consciousness ? Yes.

EINSTEIN IN HIS THEORIES OF RELATIVITY INSISTED ON TWO UNIVERSAL PRINCIPLES: 1 – THERE IS NO PRIME FRAME OF REFERENCE, 2 - AND LIKEWISE THERE IS NO PRIMARY TIME. Neither of those denying principles is correct. It is here shown that there is a prime frame of reference, objective space. And, it is here shown that there is one grand overall flo...

The problem of space exploration is the immense distances, so immense that they are measured in the distance that light travels at its great speed for a year, the light-year. Neglecting our “near” moon, whether our space exploration is of Mars or of Alpha Centauri’s planet Proxima Centauri b [after Mars the next nearest human habitable planet] the...

In classical physics “realism” and “locality” are axioms. Realism is that all objects objectively have a value of any of their characteristics before and independent of any measurement. Locality is that an object is only influenced by its surroundings. For an action at one location to have an influence at another location, something in the space b...

The Trouble with the Hubble Law by Roger Ellman Edwin Hubble’s Law [of 1933] Interprets redshifts as a Doppler Effect, i.e. due to relative velocities of the observed objects away from the Earth [recession velocities]. The measured shift, or rather the velocity inferred to be its cause, is deemed to be approximately proportional to distance from th...

TThe origin of the Universe created matter fundamentally wave in nature, not particulate. Treated in that regard are: the origin of matter, the structure of matter, matter’s electrostatic and magnetic actions, matter waves, atoms, gravitation and applications. TO DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT in easy-to-read page-by-page form go to: http://www.The-Origin.org...

The successful progress of science depends on and requires the iteration of the following three-step process: 1. The observation of phenomena; 2. The development of potentially valid hypotheses as to the cause and the behavior of those phenomena; 3. The testing of the hypotheses with regard to their validity, generating new, related phenomena. Of t...

This article, " Comprehensive Gravitation " , is a collected series of four separate papers comprehensively treating various aspects of gravitation. This article lists the papers with the full title and abstract of each. The papers can be found at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Roger_Ellman/info followed by selecting Contributions.

As a simplified, idealized understanding of a physical system the General Relativity model has been highly successful in its gravitational role. However, it fails to address the problem of sufficiently precise measurement of “Big G”, the Newtonian Gravitation Constant, and has failed to obtain connection of “Big G” to the rest of physics. Because “...

From a start of only the limitation on the speed of light, the necessity of conservation, and the impossibility of an infinity in material reality, the present paper presents a comprehensive development of the mechanics, the operation of gravitation Experience shows that everything has a cause and that those causes are themselves the results of pre...

The paper Connecting Newton’s G With the Rest of Physics – Modern Newtonian Gravitation Resolving the Problem of “Big G’s” Value derived the value of the gravitation constant “Big G”, G of Newton’s Law of Gravitation, directly from other physics fundamental constants but left it to a subsequent paper to experimentally validate the derived G. The pr...

Because gravitation operates by a flow from the attracting object acting on the attracted object as shown in the prior papers Connecting Newton’s G With the Rest of Physics – Modern Newtonian Gravitation Resolving the Problem of “Big G’s” Value and The Mechanics of Gravitation – What It Is; How It Operates, it is now possible to partially deflect g...

A scientific model is a simplified, idealized understanding of a physical system. General Relativity is such a model and has been highly successful in its gravitational role. However, General Relativity fails to successfully address the problem of obtaining satisfactory sufficiently precise measurements of “Big G”, the Newtonian constant of gravita...

It is impossible for a theory to be valid while neglecting the cause-and-effect mechanisms of phenomena and contradicting the principles of locality and local realism. Quantum Mechanics contradicts both principles, proudly proclaims the contradiction, and offers no cause-and-effect mechanism for the phenomena it proposes. That is nearer to pre-enli...

The physics of the behavior of atomic orbital electrons is analyzed and it is shown that their stable orbits are those for which the orbital path length is an integer multiple of the orbital electron's matter wavelength because otherwise the Coulomb attraction of the positive nucleus for the negative electron would vary in magnitude from orbital pa...

The problem of the photon is how to resolve that light exhibits behavior only explainable as it being a wave phenomenon yet light also exhibits behavior only explainable as it being of particle nature. It is shown that the natural photon-particle is impossible so that light is a pure simple wave effect of propagating half-cycle sinusoidal bursts of...

A description of a physical behavior that successfully describes and predicts all of that behavior’s actions is not necessarily a valid description of that actual physical process. For example, the Ptolemaic Earth-centered description of the behavior of the then known planets and moon was highly successful in its descriptions and predictions for 15...

In the Hubble model of the universe, the distance to far distant sources is determined from the redshift, from which the speed of recession, v, [the redshift being deemed due to its Doppler effect] and then the distance v/H [where H is called the Hubble constant] are determined. Recently it has become possible to determine the distance to Type Ia s...

The only way that a universe can come into existence from the only natural beginning, absolute nothing, ex nihilo, without an infinite rate of change and while maintaining conservation, is as a pair of oscillations of the form ±[1 -Cos(2πft)] which were so unstable that they promptly exploded into the mass of particles of our universe which propaga...

Contrary to mathematical analyses or studying empirical behavior, understanding gravitation can only be achieved by understanding the origin of the Universe from which gravitation arises. The only way a universe can come into existence from prior absolute nothing, ex nihilo, without an infinite rate of change and while maintaining conservation, is...

It is now possible to deflect gravitational action away from an object so that the object is partially levitated. That effect makes it possible to extract energy from the gravitational field, which makes the generation of gravito-electric power technologically feasible. Such plants would be similar to hydro-electric plants and would have their adva...

Four independent unrelated phenomena, none of which has an established explanation, have now been extensively observed and a large amount of data substantiating the phenomena have been developed. The phenomena are as follows. - In 1933 F. Zwicky reported that the rotational balance of gravitational central attraction and rotational centripetal forc...

The 1933 indication by galactic rotation curves of "Dark Matter", the 1998 Pioneer Anomaly, and the 2008 Flybys Anomaly all indicate that they are the result of a common cause, an unaccounted-for acceleration that is: quite small, centrally directed in the system exhibiting each phenomenon, non-gravitational, distance independent, and of a common m...

Analysis of gravitation and of matter waves discloses a greater significance than heretofore recognized for the frequency, wave, oscillation aspect of mass and matter as compared to the present emphasis on discrete particles. The mass equivalency m·c 2 = h·f applies to gravitational mass just as to inertial mass. The gravitational mass has a corres...

Analysis of gravitation discloses a greater significance than heretofore recognized for the frequency, wave, oscillation aspect of mass and matter as compared to the present emphasis on discrete particles. The mass equivalency m·c 2 = h·f applies to gravitational mass just as to inertial mass. The gravitational mass has a corresponding equivalent f...

The point of view that the questions, "What is truth ?" and "What is real ?" are meaningless is not only incorrect but negative and harmful in its suppression of inquiry and progress that could otherwise take place. That state of affairs has existed for so many human lifetimes that it has essentially implanted in our collective and individual think...

Goldbach's Conjecture states: Every even number greater than two can be expressed as the sum of two primes.

Fermat's Last Theorem states: There can be no non-zero integer solution for n>2 to the equation a n + b n = c n. A proof is presented

Analysis and Understanding of Reality, Truth, Goodness, Justice, Virtue, Beauty, Happiness, Love, Human Nature, Society, Government, Freedom, Education, Determinism, Free Will, and Death TO DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT in easy-to-read page-by-page form go to: http://www.the-origin.org/Books

Starting with the general nature of all particles, the rational and logical defects in the theory of Quantum Mechanics are presented. Issues treated include: quantum superposition of states and their collapse, entanglement, uncertainty, and the principles of locality and local realism.

On the origin of the universe and its mechanics, the mechanism and origin of intelligence, and the implications for the individual and society. TO DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT in easy-to-read page-by-page form go to: http://www.the-origin.org/Books

The ancient philosophers attempted to address science issues by reasoning conducted largely without experimentation. Scientists from Galileo onward developed "The Scientific Method", the procedure of: observations – hypothesis – experiments iterated with adjustments each iteration until a satisfactory result obtained. They also criticized the ancie...

Researching change in the fine structure constant, , is reported frequently. It involves fundamental problems, however. The first is because  is defined in terms of the fundamental constants: c, q, h or h / 2 and  0 or  0 . Quoting CODATA's The 1986 Adjustment of the Fundamental Physical Constants, "The list of the fundamental constants of phy...

The mass equivalency [m*c^2 = h*f] applies to gravitational mass just as to inertial mass. From that, the gravitational mass has a corresponding, associated, equivalent frequency, f. Using that frequency a new result is obtained in which the significance of the Planck Length is clarified. The Planck Length is fundamental to gravitation and in effec...

The cosmic inflation hypothesis, its relation to fundamental theory on the beginning of the universe, and the light that both shed on how the various elements and their relative amounts came into existence. The fundamental factors controlling the origin of the universe ex nihilo are developed and from them the following alternative hypotheses are d...

Over the past century a succession of five different independent astronomical phenomena have been discovered, each appearing to be the result of a common underlying cause that also produces an unaccounted-for acceleration that is: quite small, centrally directed in the system exhibiting each phenomenon, non-gravitational, distance independent, and...

It is well known and well established by scientific observation that a free neutron radioactively decays into a proton plus an electron plus an anti-neutrino with a mean life time before decay of about 900 seconds. That established fact conflicts sharply with the hypothesis that the neutron is composed of two down plus one up quark and that the pro...

-The favored Big Bang concept is that the original symmetry was skewed, the universe now being all matter, all antimatter having annihilated. -The mechanism of matter/antimatter annihilation is analyzed. A total annihilation of original antimatter could not have occurred; the skewing is unnecessary; and the universe must contain equally both forms...

There is general agreement that the universe began with an "explosion" of matter and energy at a "singularity", the "Big Bang". This paper analyses the mechanics of that beginning and two alternative theories related to it: - The Hubble-Einstein theory that that beginning created space itself, expanding and carrying the universe's matter and energy...

The behavior of mass is well known, as described by Newton's Laws of Motion, the Lorentz Contractions, and Einstein's mass - energy equivalence. But just what mass is, how those behaviors come about, what in material reality produces the effects of mass, has been little understood. The only extant hypothesis is that of the "Higgs Field" and its rel...

A number of years ago the estimates of astronomers and astrophysicists were that the earliest galaxies took about 2.5 to 3 billion years to form, that is, that they did not appear until 2.5 to 3 billion years after the Big Bang. Those estimates were based on analysis of the processes involved in star formation and in the aggregation and "clumping"...

Before the universe there was nothing, absolute nothing. That is the starting point because it is the only starting point that requires no cause, no explanation nor justification of its existence. But, that starting point has two impediments to the universe, or anything, coming into existence from it. First is the problem of change from nothing to...

The earlier paper, Inertial Mass, Its Mechanics - What It Is; How It Operates, developed the mechanics of inertial mass. The present paper is for the purpose of equivalently developing gravitation. The behavior of gravitation is well known, as described by Newton's Law of Gravitation. But just what gravitational mass is, how gravitational behavior...

In March 2008 anomalous behavior in spacecraft flybys of Earth was reported in Physical Review Letters, Volume 100, Issue 9, March 7, 2008, in an article entitled "Anomalous Orbital-Energy Changes Observed during Spacecraft Flybys of Earth". The data indicate unaccounted for changes in spacecraft speed, both increases and decreases, for six differe...

The atom's orbital electron structure in terms of quantum numbers (principal, azimuthal, magnetic and spin) results in space for a maximum of: 2 electrons in the n=1 orbit, 8 electrons in the n=2 orbit, 18 electrons in the n=3 orbit, and so on. Those dispositions are correct, but that is not because of quantum numbers nor angular momentum nor a "Pa...

Lorentz [of the Lorentz transforms and Lorentz contractions fame] contended against Einstein that there had to be a medium in which electro-magnetic waves exist and propagate, and that that would of necessity be an absolute frame of reference for the universe. Einstein won that dispute contending that electro-magnetic waves needed no medium and tha...

While the parameters of atomic nuclei, Z and A, indicate a general structural pattern for the nuclei, their exact masses in their fine differences seem not to exhibit the orderly kind of logical system that systematic and orderly nature must exhibit. Appropriate analysis discloses an orderly structure among all the nuclear types and isotopes. A com...

The rest mass of the neutron is exactly equal to the rest mass of a proton plus that of an electron plus the mass equivalent of the kinetic energy of those two particles after they have electrostatically accelerated from very far apart toward each other to a separation distance of one proton diameter. That fact is either a remarkable coincidence or...

Matter waves were discovered in the early 20th century from their wavelength, predicted by DeBroglie, Planck's constant divided by the particle's momentum, that is, lmw = h/mv. But, the failure to obtain a reasonable theory for the matter wave frequency resulted somewhat in loss of further interest. It was expected that the frequency of the matter...

It is now possible to partially deflect gravitation away from an object so that the gravitational attraction on the object is reduced. That effect makes it possible to extract energy from the gravitational field, which makes the generation of gravito-electric power technologically feasible. Such plants would be similar to hydro-electric plants and...

Present physics theory deems that the inertial mass characteristic of matter is the result of the interaction of that matter with a newly defined additional field called the Higgs Field after its principle researcher. Stated briefly, the Higgs field mechanism endows "gauge bosons" in a "gauge theory" with mass, through absorption of "Nambu-Goldston...

The universal decay hypothesized in xxx.lanl.gov physics/9808051 appears to have been detected from Pioneer 10 and 11 data. The paper at xxx.lanl.gov gr-qc/9808081 entitled "Indication from Pioneer 10/11, Galileo, and Ulysses Data of an Apparent, Anomalous, Weak, Long-Range Acceleration", reports that a weak, consistent, constant acceleration towar...

Most discussions of the mind or brain focus on the "hardware", the neural structure and its biological functioning. But, it is the "software", how the neural components logically interact, that produces the higher level results that we experience in our minds. The development begins with universals and then proceeds through perception, learning, an...

Cognition is best understood by examining a model of a cognitive system. Such a model is presented in the following paper. Most discussions of the mind or brain focus on the "hardware", the neural structure and its biological / electrochemical functioning. But, it is the "software", how the neural components logically interact, that produces the re...

Suppose that there existed the same, one, simple explanation that comprehensively resolves the three apparently disparate problems: (1) The galactic rotation curves' indications of "dark matter", and (2) The Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft' "anomalous acceleration", (3) The Type Ia Supernovae distance measurements' indications of acceleration of cosmi...

Suppose that there existed one, simple explanation that comprehensively resolves the three disparate problems: [1] The Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft' "anomalous acceleration", [2] The galactic rotation curves' indications of "dark matter", and [3] The Type Ia Supernovae distance measurements' indications of acceleration of cosmic expansion and "dark...

In March 2008 anomalous behavior in spacecraft flybys of Earth was reported in Physical Review Letters in an article titled Anomalous Orbital-Energy Changes Observed during Spacecraft Flybys of Earth 1. That report was subsequently analyzed and explained in the paper Analysis of The Anomalous Orbital-Energy Changes Observed in Spacecraft Flybys of...

Recent distance determinations to Type Ia supernovae ( SNe Ia ) by new means exceed the Hubble distance by 10 - 15%.1,2 The explanation that has been offered is an "anti-gravity effect" accelerating the universe' expansion. The effect is attributed to some unknown substance pervading cosmological space, a modern variant on the Ancients' fifth essen...

Three major contemporary unresolved problems of astronomy and cosmology are: - "Dark Matter", hypothesized to explain otherwise un-accounted for acceleration indicated by galactic rotation curves; - "Dark Energy" hypothesized to account for indications resulting from distance measurements to Type Ia Supernovae that the expansion of the universe is...