Roger Baker

Bournemouth University | BU · School of Health and Social Care

Introduction The Emotional Processing Scale (EPS) is a self-report questionnaire consisting of 25 items designed to identify emotional processing styles and impairments. The aim was to develop a French version of the scale and to test its preliminary validity and reliability in French community and clinical samples. Method After translation and ba...

Background Despite the high comorbidity of anxiety and depression in people with multiple sclerosis (MS), little is known about their inter-relationships. Both involve emotional perturbations and the way in which emotions are processed is likely central to both. The aim of the current study was to explore relationships between the domains of mood,...

Objectives: To explore cross-sectional patterns of use of fatigue management strategies in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) who had attended a group-based fatigue management programme, Fatigue: Applying Cognitive behavioural and Energy effectiveness Techniques to lifeStyle ('FACETS'). In a multicentre randomised controlled trial (RCT) the FACET...

This exploratory study aimed to examine emotion-processing styles in patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES), compared to healthy individuals, and to explore associations of emotion processing with other psychological measures and seizure frequency, using the new Emotional Processing Scale (EPS-25), which had not previously been use...

Fatigue is one of the most common and debilitating symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness at 1-year follow-up of a manualised group-based programme (‘FACETS’) for managing MS-fatigue. One-year follow-up of a pragmatic multi-centre randomised controlled trial. People with MS and significant fatigue were random...

While prolonged exposure is considered one of the “gold standard” and recommended treatments for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), it has been poorly utilised in clinical practice. Individuals with PTSD often find it too distressing to confront memories, and therapists may be uncomfortable using the therapy. A new Emotional Processing Therapy...

Background Fatigue is a common and troubling symptom for people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Aim To evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a six-session group-based programme for managing MS-fatigue (Fatigue: Applying Cognitive behavioural and Energy effectiveness Techniques to lifeStyle (FACETS)). Methods Three-centre parallel arm r...

Aim Fatigue is one of the most commonly reported symptoms of MS. This trial evaluates the clinical effectiveness of a group-based fatigue management intervention for people with MS. Study design Pragmatic multi-centre parallel arm randomised controlled trial of a group-based fatigue management intervention compared to current local practice. The si...

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is not primarily conceptualized as operating via affective processes. However, there is growing recognition that emotional processing plays an important role during the course of therapy. The Emotional Processing Scale was developed as a clinical and research tool to measure emotional processing deficits and the...

Introduction We have reported that normal subjects prefer nasal breathing (NB) and that the adoption of mouth breathing (MB) is associated with uncomfortable sensations including breathlessness.1 MB may predispose to the perception of breathlessness by dynamically changing chest wall mechanics (CWM), and thus proprioceptive input. This study has be...

Fatigue is one of the most commonly reported and debilitating symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS); approximately two-thirds of people with MS consider it to be one of their three most troubling symptoms. It may limit or prevent participation in everyday activities, work, leisure, and social pursuits, reduce psychological well-being and is one of th...

The Emotional Processing Scale (EPS) is a 38-item, eight-factor self-report questionnaire designed to measure emotional processing styles and deficits. Scale development is an ongoing process and our aim was to (i) refine the scale by trying out items from a new item pool and (ii) shorten the scale to enhance its clinical and research utility. Fift...

(i) To develop a group-based intervention for the management of multiple sclerosis (MS) fatigue incorporating energy effectiveness and cognitive behavioural approaches and (ii) to undertake a process and preliminary evaluation. Drawing upon a literature search, a local model of good practice and the views of service users and health professionals,...

Background Current knowledge of quality of life (QOL) issues affecting patients with nonmetastatic skin cancer is unsatisfactory, being based either on the use of QOL questionnaires derived from dermatology patients with predominantly benign lesions or inflammatory skin rashes, or on the use of general health QOL questionnaires. Objectives We sough...

Childbirth is an emotionally challenging experience, resulting for some women in depression. A predictive tool to assist the identification of women at risk of developing depression would prove invaluable to practitioners in facilitating strategies to manage psychological distress. Usually emotions are managed in such a way that they do not Interfe...

The objective of this study was to report on the development and preliminary psychometric evaluation of an emotional processing scale, a 38-item self-report questionnaire designed to identify emotional processing styles and deficits. An initial item pool derived from a conceptual model and clinical observations was piloted on clinical and community...

Focussing on the primary care aspects of the Kenilworth model, the Poole Primary Care Trust (PCT) cancer genetics service has aimed to develop a high quality primary care-led service for the assessment and counselling of people concerned about their genetic risk of cancer. The service has been available through General Practitioner (GP) surgeries w...

Background: The unpredictable, variable nature of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and the possibility of increasing disability, means that a diagnosis can have substantial psychological consequences. Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of psychological interventions for people with MS. Search strategy: We searched 19 databases up to December 2004...

Fall prevention measures in hospital are often considered to be restraint and unsuitable for clinical practice. The aim of the study was to explore attitudes to restraint and what are acceptable fall prevention measures in hospital. A structured questionnaire was completed by 200 subjects (100 patients/relatives and 100 care professionals) in a Bri...

In this paper Rachman's concept of emotional processing was extended and a model highlighting the psychological operations underpinning processing was specified. Using this model, the aim was to investigate, by means of a questionnaire, whether patients with panic disorder (n=50) have more emotional processing difficulties than two samples of healt...

Over recent years multi-sensory stimulation (MSS) has become an increasingly popular approach to care and is used in several centres throughout Europe. This popularity could be explained by the limited alternatives available to staff and a widely held belief that MSS is a friendly and highly humane approach. A randomized controlled trial was theref...

Considerable efforts have been made to describe and evaluate general practitioner (GP) referral of patients to counsellors, although the literature describing contributory factors in the referral process is inconclusive. The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive literature review and present the information in a cohesive and practical mo...

This paper is a development on recent research that proved the value of non-pharmacological techniques and strategies in the management of breathlessness in lung cancer. It evaluates the intervention in a specialist palliative care setting using an outpatient clinic at Lewis-Manning House. Referrals were made by the patients' physician or specialis...

To investigate whether behavioural, motor and physiological responses of individuals with Huntington's disease (HD) to a controlled multisensory environment (MSE) are effective as a therapeutic (sustained effects) or leisure (immediate effects) activity. Pilot study--a randomized, controlled, two-group design. Specialist residential unit for people...

This study evaluated the effectiveness of generic counselling in a primary healthcare setting during three months of counselling and followed up the patients' progress after counselling had finished for the next twenty-one months. Questionnaires were completed by patients within the Dorset Primary Care counselling service on referral to counselling...

Feeding problems are often found in children with severe and profound learning disabilities. It is increasingly common for these children to receive a gastrostomy button so that they can maintain an adequate nutritional intake. The psychological implications of this operation for families and carers have received little attention, with most studies...

Children with developmental delays often suffer feeding difficulties. It has become common for those with a severe likelihood of malnutrition to be considered for alternative methods of nutritional intake, often a gastrostomy. As part of a pilot study investigating the effects of gastrostomy on the child and their family, we conducted a literature...

To investigate short-term effects of Multi-Sensory Stimulation (MSS) on behaviour, mood and cognition of older adults with dementia, the generalization of effects to day hospital and home environments and the endurance of any effects over time. A randomized controlled trial comparing MSS with a credible control of one-to-one activities. Fifty patie...

Lesley Ann Wareing, Peter G Coleman and Roger Baker report on a study into the use of multisensory environments with four men in the later stages of dementia. The benefits that resulted following treatment were reduction in apathy and socially disturbed behaviour with increased interest in the environment.

Caring for people with dementia is challenging for professionals and relatives, the demands rising as longevity increases for a higher percentage of the population. Current psychosocial approaches to care rely on verbal communication skills. When these are lost sensory stimulation may be a way of communicating with and meeting the needs of this vul...

General practitioners' (GPs') attendance at continuing medical education (CME) events has increased since the introduction of the Post Graduate Educational Allowance (PGEA) in 1990. However, few studies have examined doctors' perceptions about their continuing education, and explored their views in depth. To investigate general practitioners' exper...

Research into the effectiveness of counselling in primary care is rare. This study attempts to provide a thorough evaluation of the effects of a new counselling service introduced throughout Dorset. To evaluate the impact of counselling on client symptomatology, self-esteem, and quality of life. The effect of counselling on drug prescribing, referr...

A randomised controlled trial was conducted to investigate the long-term and short-term effects of the Snoezelen environment on the behaviour, mood and cognition of elderly patients with dementia, and to gain an understanding of the processes occurring within Snoezelen. Patients participated in either eight Snoezelen or eight activity sessions. Pre...

In the last 10 years, as part of the push towards greater community provision of services for the psychiatrically disabled in the UK, assessment has assumed a prominent position. A variety of different assessment instruments have been employed, including assessment of patient attitudes and opinions, of the environment, social networks and basic liv...

A ward-based token economy programme which formed one part ofa larger rehabilitative serviee for long-stay psychiatric patients is described. The elinical effectiveness ofthe programme is examined by the use of various nursing, psychological and psychiatric assessments before and after the patients' treatment on the ward, and the progress of former...

The renewed interest in the care and treatment of chronic psychiatric patients has led to an awareness of the need for improved assessment methods for this group. This article describes the development of REHAB, a behavior rating scale for use with people with chronic psychiatric disability, which has been carefully designed with respect to content...

The effects of brompheniramine maleate (12 mg twice daily in sustained release form) and terfenadine (60 mg twice daily) on the symptoms and well-being of 16 adults with urticaria with or without dermographism were assessed by symptom questionnaire. Following an initial 2-week period without therapy, each drug was taken for 2 weeks in a randomised...

A criterion validation of a new scale, REHAB (Rehabilitation Evaluation Hall And Baker) (1) is described. Forty-three long-stay psychiatric patients from two wards were observed by a psychologist over a 2-week period using a time sampling procedure. The observed behaviour was coded into predetermined categories based on Blunden & Kushlick's (2) con...

The effects of brompheniramine maleate (12 mg twice daily in sustained release form) and terfenadine (60 mg twice daily) on the symptoms and well-being of 16 adults with urticaria with or without dermographism were assessed by symptom questionnaire. Following an initial 2-week period without therapy, each drug was taken for 2 weeks in a randomised...

The drinking behaviour of alcoholics was firstly analysed in terms of antecedents, behaviour and consequences. Thereafter, treatment consisted of exposure to the antecedents of drinking, whilst patients were prevented from drinking. Five out of the six patients attained abstinence from drinking by the end of therapy, this abstinence being maintaine...

An 18-month controlled experiment was conducted into the effects of a token economy programme on the ward behaviour and symptoms of chronic schizophrenic patients. An experimental group received tokens dependent upon appropriate behaviour, while a matched control group on the same ward received every aspect of the ward programme similarly except th...

Eighteen chronic schizophrenic patients were allocated to 3 matched groups, one group acting as an own-ward no-treatment control group. The two other groups moved to a token-economy ward, where the token group received contingent tokens, social reinforcement, and informational feedback as a consequence of appropriate behaviour, and where the contro...

A group of 7 schizophrenic patients with varied symptoms were moved to a ward where different aspects of a token economy system were sequentially introduced. At first patients were just exposed to a smaller ward with a better standard of care (Baseline). Then a stimulating program of daily events was started (Activity). Next free tokens were given...

Attention is drawn to the relatively high rate of breakdown of token economy programmes, and the reasons for this are considered. Reference is made to the results of a questionnaire circulated to British token economy programmes. Reasons for breakdown are considered in five categories, these being: nonexistent or poor patient selection; inadequate...

Eighteen schizophrenic patients who had been mute from 3 to 37 years were selected by means of a speech test. Nine of these were positively reinforced for speaking and nine were reinforced for staying silent. After 25 sessions the speech-reinforced group had improved significantly more than the silence-reinforced group.

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