About
213
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Introduction
A microbial ecologist interested in the way in which terrestrial communities of microorganisms, control on a micro scale the cycling of nutrients on landscape scales, and conversely, how microbial communities respond to changing conditions.
I work on a variety of soils from different ecosystems, but focus on dryland soils and biocrusts as model systems.
In my work I use stable isotope labelling and tracing with advanced molecular and statistical methods to relate diversity to function.
Current institution
Additional affiliations
October 2018 - present
October 2006 - September 2007
October 2017 - present
Position
- Researcher
Description
- Head of anaerobic and molecular microbiology lab
Education
October 2007 - January 2011
October 2004 - October 2006
Publications
Publications (213)
Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are photosynthetic mats formed through an association of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms with soil particles. Biocrusts are found in virtually any terrestrial ecosystem where vascular plant coverage is abiotically limited, with drylands comprising the primary habitat for them. We studied the dynamics of...
The prototypical representatives of the Euryarchaeota--the methanogens--are oxygen sensitive and are thought to occur only in highly reduced, anoxic environments. However, we found methanogens of the genera Methanosarcina and Methanocella to be present in many types of upland soils (including dryland soils) sampled globally. These methanogens could...
Methanogenesis is traditionally thought to occur only in highly reduced, anoxic environments. Wetland and rice field soils are well known sources for atmospheric methane, while aerated soils are considered sinks. Although methanogens have been detected in low numbers in some aerated, and even in desert soils, it remains unclear whether they are act...
For centuries, biodiversity has spellbound biologists focusing mainly on macroorganism's diversity and almost neglecting the geographic mediated dynamics of microbial communities. We surveyed the diversity of soil bacteria and archaea along a steep precipitation gradient ranging from the Negev Desert in the south of Israel (<100 mm annual rain) to...
Aerated soils are a biological sink for atmospheric methane. However, the activity of desert soils and the presence of methanotrophs in these soils have hardly been studied. We studied on-site atmospheric methane consumption rates as well as the diversity and expression of the pmoA gene, coding for a subunit of the particulate methane monooxygenase...
The rhizosphere microbial communities of Lotus tenuis in Hg-contaminated soils demonstrate remarkable resilience, maintaining stable bacterial and fungal diversity across a broad contamination gradient (40-1964 mg Hg kg ⁻¹ soil). Despite significant shifts in community structure compared to control communities from uncontaminated rhizosphere soil,...
Microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) in soils is used to estimate the balance of CO2 respired by heterotrophs versus the accumulation of organic carbon (C). While most CUE studies assume that aerobic respiration is the predominant degradation process of organic C, anoxic microniches are common inside soil aggregates. Microorganisms in these micron...
1. Soil-plant-microbe interactions are integral throughout most terrestrial ecosystems, yet the importance of plant phenology and seasonal dynamism upon these relationships remains unknown. Given the pronounced seasonality of alpine environments, we sampled 8 plant species occurring in two habitats (alpine meadow and subnival zone) across four seas...
Millipedes are thought to depend on their gut microbiome for processing plant-litter-cellulose through fermentation, similar to many other arthropods. However, this hypothesis lacks sufficient evidence. To investigate this, we used inhibitors to disrupt the gut microbiota of juvenile Epibolus pulchripes (tropical, CH4-emitting) and Glomeris connexa...
Fixation of atmospheric N2 by free-living diazotrophs accounts for an important proportion of nitrogen naturally introduced to temperate grasslands. The effect of plants or fertilization on the general microbial community has been extensively studied, yet an understanding of the potential combinatorial effects on the community structure and activit...
Millipedes are thought to depend on their gut microbiome for processing plant-litter-cellulose through fermentation, similar to many other arthropods. However, this hypothesis lacks sufficient evidence. To investigate this, we disrupted the gut microbiota of juvenile Epibolus pulchripes (tropical, CH 4 -emitting) and Glomeris connexa (temperate, no...
Millipedes are important detritivores harbouring a diverse microbiome. Previous research focused on bacterial and archaeal diversity, while the virome remained neglected. We elucidated the DNA and RNA viral diversity in the hindguts of two model millipede species with distinct microbiomes: the tropical Epibolus pulchripes (methanogenic, dominated b...
Background
Many arthropods rely on their gut microbiome to digest plant material, which is often low in nitrogen but high in complex polysaccharides. Detritivores, such as millipedes, live on a particularly poor diet, but the identity and nutritional contribution of their microbiome are largely unknown. In this study, the hindgut microbiota of the...
Alpine biomes experience harsh environmental conditions and short growing seasons, which necessitate interspecific and intraspecific interactions to ensure the stability of diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality. The relationship between plants and microbes in this environment is equally dynamic, with seasonal pulses of nutrients and the phenol...
Glacier chronosequences offer a unique opportunity to observe primary successional patterns and assess the interaction between biological communities and abiotic conditions. Bacteria are one of the first organisms to colonize such ecosystems, yet factors determining their distribution and diversity are still in need of understanding. In this study,...
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can benefit plants under environmental stress, and influence plant adaptation to warmer climates. However, very little is known about the ecology of these fungi in alpine environments. We sampled plant roots along a large fraction (1941–6150 m asl) of the longest terrestrial elevational gradient on Earth and used D...
Millipedes are important detritivores harbouring a diverse microbiome. Previous research focused on the microbiome, while the virome remains neglected. We elucidated the viral diversity in the hindguts of two millipede model species with distinct microbiomes: the tropical Epibolus pulchripes and the temperate Glomeris connexa . Based on metagenomic...
Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are key contributors to desert ecosystem functions, therefore, biocrust restoration following mechanical disturbances is imperative. In the Negev Desert hyperarid regions, phosphate mining has been practiced for over 60 years, destroying soil habitats and fragmenting the landscape. In this study, we selected one m...
Background: Many arthropods rely on their gut microbiome to digest plant material, which is often low in nitrogen but high in complex polysaccharides. Detritivores, such as millipedes, live on a particularly poor diet, but the identity and nutritional contribution of their microbiome are largely unknown. In this study, the hindgut microbiota of the...
Glacier chronosequences offer a unique opportunity to observe primary successional patterns and assess the interaction between biological communities and abiotic conditions. The biotic communities inhabiting these environments must tolerate physiological challenges and mechanical processes while co-existing with other organisms vying for the limite...
The following protocol describes how to perform an RNA-Stable Isotope Probing experiment. The scope of this protocol only covers the parts involving separating labelled RNA from unlabelled RNA using ultracentrifugation in a caesium trifluoroacetate density gradient and downstream quantification to evaluate whether the labelling and separation of th...
Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are key contributors to desert ecosystem functions; therefore, biocrust restoration following mechanical disturbance is imperative. In the Negev Desert hyperarid regions, phosphate mining has been practiced for over 60 years, destroying soil habitats, and fragmenting the landscape. To understand the effects of min...
Stable-isotope probing (SIP) enables researchers to target active populations within complex microbial communities, which is achieved by providing growth substrates enriched in heavy isotopes, usually in the form of 13C, 18O, or 15N. After growth on the substrate and subsequent extraction of microbial biomarkers, typically nucleic acids or proteins...
East African soda lakes (EASLs), some of them world-renowned for their large flocks of flamingos, range amongst the most productive aquatic ecosystems worldwide. The non-heterocytous filamentous cyanobacterium Limnospira fusiformis (formerly Arthrospira fusiformis or Spirulina platensis), forming almost unialgal blooms, is supposed to be a key driv...
Including information about soil microbial communities into global decomposition models is critical for predicting and understanding how ecosystem functions may shift in response to global change. Here we combined a standardised litter bag method for estimating decomposition rates, the Tea Bag Index (TBI), with high-throughput sequencing of the mic...
The mechanisms underlying microbial community dynamics and co‐occurrence patterns along ecological succession are crucial for understanding ecosystem recovery but remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigated community dynamics and taxa co‐occurrence patterns in bacterial and fungal communities across a well‐established chronosequence of post‐mi...
Grassland ecosystems cover around 37% of the ice-free land surface on Earth and have critical socioeconomic importance globally. As in many terrestrial ecosystems, biological dinitrogen (N2) fixation represents an essential natural source of nitrogen (N). The ability to fix atmospheric N2 is limited to diazotrophs, a diverse guild of bacteria and a...
Wetlands are the largest natural source of terrestrial CH4 emissions. Afforestation can enhance soil CH4 oxidation and decrease methanogenesis, yet the driving mechanisms leading to these effects remain unclear. We analyzed the structures of communities of methanogenic and methanotrophic microbes, quantification of mcrA and pmoA genes, the soil mic...
Inter-kingdom belowground carbon (C) transfer is a significant, yet hidden, biological phenomenon, due to the complexity and highly dynamic nature of soil ecology. Among key biotic agents influencing C allocation belowground are ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF). EMF symbiosis can extend beyond the single tree-fungus partnership to form common mycorrhiza...
The following protocol is intended for the quantification of double-stranded DNA using Quant-iT™PicoGreen® dsDNA Assay Kit (ThermoFisher). This protocol is a simplified and condensed version of the full protocol from the manufacturer. The procedure described here is for 96 reactions. If samples are run in duplicates, then this should allow quantify...
Including information about soil microbial communities into global decomposition models is critical for predicting and understanding how ecosystem functions may shift in response to global change. Here we combined a standardised litter bag method for estimating decomposition rates, Tea Bag Index (TBI), with high-throughput sequencing of the microbi...
The following protocol describes how to perform an RNA-Stable Isotope Probing experiment. The scope of this protocol only covers the parts involving separating labelled RNA from unlabelled RNA using ultracentrifugation in a caesium trifluoroacetate density gradient and downstream quantification to evaluate whether the labelling and separation of th...
The following protocol describes how to perform an RNA-Stable Isotope Probing experiment. The scope of this protocol only covers the parts involving separating labelled RNA from unlabelled RNA using ultracentrifugation in a caesium trifluoroacetate density gradient and downstream quantification to evaluate whether the labelling and separation of th...
Extraction of DNA, and especially RNA from soils, can be challenging due to the presence of organic impurities, which can inhibit downstream enzymatic reactions and the fact that many soil microorganisms are dormant or nearly inactive and hence hard to lyse. The following collection of protocols describe a robust and flexible pipeline for extractin...
The following protocol is intended for the simultaneous extraction of DNA and RNA (total nucleic acids, or TNA) from various soil and sediment samples. The protocol was designed based on two protocols published by Henckel et al. (1999) and Griffiths et al. (2000), with several critical modifications. Recently, we have added the option to include an...
Phenol is a common chemical used for nucleic acid extraction. Phenol can be a component in a commercial reagent (e.g. QIAzol, TRIzol) or prepared as part of a mixture in the laboratory (e.g. chloroform:phenol). Because phenol solutions are an integral part of routine life science applications, their hazards may be taken for granted. Phenol can be v...
Microbial community analysis via marker gene amplicon sequencing has become a routine method in the field of soil research. In this perspective, we discuss technical challenges and limitations of amplicon sequencing and present statistical and experimental approaches that can help addressing the spatio-temporal complexity of soil and the high diver...
Biological rock crusts (BRCs) are ubiquitous features of rock surfaces in drylands composed of slow-growing microbial assemblages. BRC presence is often correlated with rock weathering, soiling effect or mitigating geomorphic processes. However, their development rate is still unknown. In this work, we characterised and dated BRCs in an arid enviro...
Development of soil microbial communities along ecological succession is crucial for ecosystem functioning and maintenance. However, ecological processes mediating microbial community assembly and microbial co-occurrence patterns along ecological succession remain unclear. Here, we explored community phylogenetic structures, ecological processes dr...
Microbial community analysis via marker gene amplicon sequencing has become a routine method in the field of soil research. In this perspective, we discuss technical challenges and limitations of amplicon sequencing studies in soil and present statistical and experimental approaches that can help addressing the spatio-temporal complexity of soil an...
Universal 16S rRNA probe-based-qPCR assay for bacteria. The primers target the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and were specifically designed for Illumina amplicon sequencing. The original primers were designed by Caporaso et al. (2012) and modified by Walters et al. (2015). For barcoding, we use the Fludigm Access Array for barcoding the sample and...
Universal 16S rRNA probe-based-qPCR assay for bacteria. The primers target the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and were specifically designed for Illumina amplicon sequencing. The original primers were designed by Caporaso et al. (2012) and modified by Walters et al. (2015). For barcoding, we use the Fludigm Access Array for barcoding the sample and...
The following protocol describes how to perform an RNA-Stable Isotope Probing experiment. The scope of this protocol only covers the parts involving separating labelled RNA from unlabelled RNA using ultracentrifugation in a caesium trifluoroacetate density gradient and downstream quantification to evaluate whether the labelling and separation of th...
The following protocol describes how to perform an RNA-Stable Isotope Probing experiment. The scope of this protocol only covers the parts involving separating labelled RNA from unlabelled RNA using ultracentrifugation in a caesium trifluoroacetate density gradient and downstream quantification to evaluate whether the labelling and separation of th...
The following protocol is intended as a downstream application for our Purification of RNA from a DNA/RNA Extract protocol. This protocol describes how to synthesise a first-strand non-specific complementary DNA (cDNA) from a purified RNA extract using SuperScript IV Reverse Transcriptase. The second strand synthesis is usually not required for mos...
Biological rock crusts (BRCs) are ubiquitous features of rock surfaces in drylands composed of slow-growing microbial assemblages. BRC presence is often correlated with rock weathering, soiling effect, or with mitigating geomorphic processes. However, their development rate has not been quantified. In this work, we characterised and dated BRCs in a...
Universal 16S rRNA probe-based-qPCR assay for bacteria. The primers and probe are taken from Yu et al. (2005).
Universal 16S rRNA probe-based-qPCR assay for bacteria. The primers and probe are taken from Yu et al. (2005).
The following protocol describes how to perform an RNA-Stable Isotope Probing experiment. The scope of this protocol only covers the parts involving separating labelled RNA from unlabelled RNA using ultracentrifugation in a caesium trifluoroacetate density gradient and downstream quantification to evaluate whether the labelling and separation of th...
This protocol describes how to quantify 16S rRNA bacterial gene or transcript copy numbers using Droplet Digital PCR technology (ddPCR) from Bio-Rad. This is an up-to-date modification of a classical bacterial enumeration qPCR-assay. This assay uses the EvaGreen™ chemistry. The primers are taken from Yu et al. (2005).
The following protocol describes how to perform an RNA-Stable Isotope Probing experiment. The scope of this protocol only covers the parts involving separating labelled RNA from unlabelled RNA using ultracentrifugation in a caesium trifluoroacetate density gradient and downstream quantification to evaluate whether the labelling and separation of th...
Universal 16S rRNA probe-based-qPCR assay for bacteria. The primers target the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and were specifically designed for Illumina amplicon sequencing. The original primers were designed by Caporaso et al. (2012) and modified by Walters et al. (2015). For barcoding, we use the Fludigm Access Array for barcoding the sample and...
This protocol describes how to quantify 16S rRNA bacterial gene or transcript copy numbers using Droplet Digital PCR technology (ddPCR) from Bio-Rad This is an up-to-date modification of a classical bacterial enumeration qPCR-assay. This assay uses the EvaGreen™ chemistry. The primers are taken from Yu et al. (2005).
This protocol describes how to quantify 16S rRNA bacterial gene or transcript copy numbers using Droplet Digital PCR technology (ddPCR) from Bio-Rad This is an up-to-date modification of a classical bacterial enumeration qPCR-assay. This assay uses the EvaGreen™ chemistry. The primers are taken from Yu et al. (2005).
Universal 16S rRNA probe-based-qPCR assay for bacteria. The primers and probe are taken from Yu et al. (2005).
The following protocol describes how to perform an RNA-Stable Isotope Probing experiment. The scope of this protocol only covers the parts involving separating labelled RNA from unlabelled RNA using ultracentrifugation in a caesium trifluoroacetate density gradient and downstream quantification to evaluate whether the labelling and separation of th...
Universal 16S rRNA probe-based-qPCR assay for bacteria. The primers and probe are taken from Yu et al. (2005).
The following protocol is intended for the simultaneous extraction of DNA and RNA (total nucleic acids, or TNA) from various soil and sediment samples. The protocol was designed based on two protocols published by Henckel et al. (1999) and Griffiths et al. (2000), with several critical modifications. Recently, we have added option to include an amm...
The following protocol is intended for the simultaneous extraction of DNA and RNA (total nucleic acids, or TNA) from various soil and sediment samples. The protocol was designed based on two protocols published by Henckel et al. (1999) and Griffiths et al. (2000), with several critical modifications. Recently, we have added option to include an amm...
The following protocol is intended for the simultaneous extraction of DNA and RNA (total nucleic acids, or TNA) from various soil and sediment samples. The protocol was designed based on two protocols published by Henckel et al. (1999) and Griffiths et al. (2000), with several critical modifications. Recently, we have added option to include an amm...
The protocol was designed to quantify microbial eukaryotic fungi using ITS region copy number evaluation by Droplet Digital PCR technology (ddPCR) from Bio-Rad company. For the assay, we are using a universal fungal ITS rRNA primer pair: ITS1f 5'- CTT GGT CAT TTA GAG GAA GTA A -3', 38 bp upstream of ITS1 from White et al., 1990 ITS2 5'- GCT GCG TTC...
The following protocol is intended for the quantification of double-stranded DNA using Quant-iT™PicoGreen® dsDNA Assay Kit (ThermoFisher). This protocol is a simplified and condensed version of the full protocol from the manufacturer. The procedure described here is for 96 reactions. If samples are run in duplicates, then this should allow quantify...
The following protocol is intended as a downstream application for our Total Nucleic Acids Extraction from Soil protocol. This protocol describes how to purify RNA from a DNA and RNA extract using TURBO™ DNase and GeneJET RNA Cleanup and Concentration Micro Kit. This protocol is a simplified and condensed version of the full protocols provided by t...
The protocol is dedicated to evaluation of 18S rRNA fungal gene copy number using Droplet Digital PCR technology (ddPCR) from Bio-Rad company. This is the up-to-date modification and improvement of clasical probe based qPCR assay. For the assay, we are using universal fungal 18S rRNA primers and a probe that showed broad-coverage and favourable qua...
The following protocol is intended for the quantification of RNA using Quant-iT™ RiboGreen™ RNA Assay Kit (ThermoFisher). This protocol is a simplified and condensed version of the full protocol from the manufacturer. The procedure described here is for 96 reactions. If samples are run in duplicates, then this should allow quantifying 40 samples.
The following protocol is intended for the quantification of RNA using Quant-iT™ RiboGreen™ RNA Assay Kit (ThermoFisher). This protocol is a simplified and condensed version of the full protocol from the manufacturer. The procedure described here is for 96 reactions. If samples are run in duplicates, then this should allow quantifying 40 samples.
Nitrogen fixation and assimilation processes are vital to the functioning of any ecosystem. Nevertheless, studying these processes using ¹⁵N-based stable isotope probing was so far limited because of technical challenges related to the relative rarity of nitrogen in nucleic acids and proteins compared to carbon, and because of its absence in lipids...
Careful and thoughtful experimental design is crucial to the success of any SIP experiment. This chapter discusses the essential aspects of designing a SIP experiment, focusing primarily on DNA- and RNA-SIP. The design aspects discussed here begin with considerations for carrying out the incubation, such as, the effect of choosing different stable...
adopted from Dr Tomasz Grenda (2018)
adopted from Dr Tomasz Grenda (2018) Pictures of C. perfringens strains grown on Willis – Hobbs agar: http://www.medycynawet.edu.pl/images/stories/pdf/pdf2018/00-artwait/2019016161.pdf Pictures of C. botulinum type A (proteolytic) strain on Willis – Hobbs agar: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280042476_Contamination_of_honey_produced_in_th...
This protocol is dedicated to evaluation of 16S rRNA bacteria gene copy number using Droplet Digital PCR technology (ddPCR) from Bio-Rad company. This is the up-to-date modification and improvement of clasical probe based qPCR assay. For the assay we are using universal 16S Bacteria primers and probe: BAC338F ACT CCT ACG GGA GGC AG , target E.coli...
For the diferential isolation of Clostridium sp.
The following protocol describes how to perform an RNA-Stable Isotope Probing experiment. The scope of this protocol only covers the parts involving separating labelled RNA from unlabelled RNA using ultracentrifugation in a caesium trifluoroacetate density gradient and downstream quantification to evaluate whether the labelling and separation of th...
In drylands, microbes that colonize rock surfaces have been linked to erosion because water scarcity excludes traditional weathering mechanisms. We studied the origin and role of rock biofilms in geomorphic processes of hard lime and dolomitic rocks that feature comparable weathering morphologies, although these two rock types originate from arid a...
The following protocol is intended for the simultaneous extraction of DNA and RNA (total nucleic acids, or TNA) from various soil and sediment samples. The protocol was designed based on two protocols published by Henckel et al. (1999) and Griffiths et al. (2000), with several critical modifications. Recently, we have added option to include an amm...
Global climate change may have a large impact on increased emission rates of carbon dioxide and methane to total greenhouse gas emissions from terrestrial wetlands. Methane consumption by soil microbiota in alpine wet meadows serves as a biofilter for the methane produced in the waterlogged soil below. Altered pH regimes change microbial community...
This protocol describes a procedure for sampling plant roots in the field for future DNA and RNA extraction for microbiome analysis. The protocol is deliberately designed to be simple and requires no electronic equipment. Root samples are preserved in LifeGuard Soil Preservation Solution for protecting against nucleic acid degradation.
In drylands, microbes that colonise rock surfaces were linked to erosion because water scarcity excludes traditional weathering mechanisms. We studied the origin and role of rock biofilms in geomorphic processes of hard lime and dolomitic rocks that feature comparable weathering morphologies though originating from arid and hyperarid environments,...
Standard operating procedure for using the gassing manifold The gassing manifold is used for replacing the headspace of vials with N2 (or N2:CO2) or for degassing solutions. It is useful for preparing anoxic incubations, media and buffers before bringing them in closed vials into the anoxic chamber. The manifold is equipped with an electronic contr...
In drylands, microbes that colonise rock surfaces were linked to erosion because water scarcity excludes traditional weathering mechanisms. We studied the origin and role of rock biofilms in geomorphic processes of hard lime and dolomitic rocks that feature comparable weathering morphologies though originating from arid and hyperarid environments,...
The hyper-arid Evrona nature reserve in the southern Arava Valley, one of the most unique and threatened ecosystems in Israel, experienced a large scale oil contamination in December 2014, when approximately 5,000 cubic meters of crude oil were spilled and spread into the reserves main and side streams. Given the expected adverse impact of the poll...
This protocol describes a procedure for sampling plant roots in the field for future DNA and RNA extraction for microbiome analysis. The protocol is deliberately designed to be simple and requires no electronic equipment. Root samples are preserved in LifeGuard Soil Preservation Solution for protecting against nucleic acid degradation.
Universal 16S rRNA probe-based-qPCR assay for bacteria. The primers and probe are taken from Yu et al. (2005).
General mcrA primers for quantifying methanogens using a SYBR Green-based assay.
The following protocol is intended as a downstream application for our Total Nucleic Acids Extraction from Soil protocol. This protocol describes how to purify RNA from a DNA and RNA extract using TURBO™ DNase and GeneJET RNA Cleanup and Concentration Micro Kit. This protocol is a simplified and condensed version of the full protocols provided by t...
The following protocol is intended as a downstream application for our Purification of RNA from a DNA/RNA Extract protocol. This protocol describes how to synthesise a first-strand non-specific complementary DNA (cDNA) from a purified RNA extract using SuperScript IV Reverse Transcriptase. The second strand synthesis is usually not required for mos...
The following protocol is intended for the quantification of double-stranded DNA using Quant-iT™PicoGreen® dsDNA Assay Kit (ThermoFisher). This protocol is a simplified and condensed version of the full protocol from the manufacturer. The procedure described here is for 96 reactions. If samples are run in duplicates, then this should allow quantify...
The following protocol is intended for the quantification of RNA using Quant-iT™ RiboGreen™ RNA Assay Kit (ThermoFisher). This protocol is a simplified and condensed version of the full protocol from the manufacturer. The procedure described here is for 96 reactions. If samples are run in duplicates, then this should allow quantifying 40 samples.
ARDRA: amplified rDNA restriction analysis 1. Sklarz MY, Angel R, Gillor O, Soares MIM. Amplified rDNA Restriction Analysis (ARDRA) for Identification and Phylogenetic Placement of 16S-rDNA Clones. In: de Bruijn FJ, editor. Handbook of Molecular Microbial Ecology I: Metagenomics and Complementary Approaches [Internet]. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley-Bl...
PCR-product purification with AMPureXP solution. From the manual: "The Agencourt AMPure XP system is a highly efficient, easily automated PCR purification system that delivers superior-quality DNA with no salt carryover. Requiring no centrifugation or filtration, Agencourt AMPure XP can be easily used in manual and automated 96- or 384-well formats...
Amplification of the marker gene methyl coenzyme M reductase alpha subunit (mcrA) using the general primers mlas-mod – mcrA-rev mlas-mod GGY GGT GTM GGD TTC ACM CAR TA Angel et al. (2011), Plos One mcrA-rev CGT TCA TBG CGT AGT TVG GRT AGT Steinberg and Regan (2008), AEM. Fragment size: 472bp.
