Roel Jongeneel

Wageningen University & Research | WUR · Faculty of Social Science

The latest reform of the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) aimed at making it more results‐oriented in order to ensure the sustainability of the sector. From 1 January 2023, in the new policy framework, the European Commission introduced a new tool – eco‐schemes. This tool presents several advantages compared to the former ‘greening’ since it inc...

The abolition of the milk quota system in April 2015 has implied a transition towards a new “system” in which non-policy and non-EU elements have become important drivers of the EU dairy market. In terms of its contribution, after reviewing some of the existing literature, this article presents a theoretical framework to understand “irregular” supp...

p>Policies are becoming intensively interrelated while increasing numbers of societal groups and stakeholders are affected. At the same time, current and future challenges require improved capacity in terms of models, their linkages or redesigns to deliver forward-looking insights on policies. Different stakeholder workshops have recently been carr...

p>This paper investigates the effects of three different simulated post-COVID-19 recovery GDP growth rates during 2021-2023 (baseline, optimistic and pessimistic scenarios) for agricultural markets in four selected EU Member States (the Netherlands, Germany, Italy, and Hungary) compared to a pre-COVID-19 projection. Empirical results are derived fr...

The abolition of the EU milk quota system since 2015 has allowed the dairy sector to fully react to market forces. This change should be properly reflected within the tools that support the design of EU/national policy interventions. This paper focuses on updating the milk supply responses at EU member state level in a context where still limited d...

This paper investigates the effects of three different simulated post-COVID-19 recovery GDP growth rates during 2021-2023 (baseline, optimistic and pessimistic scenarios) for agricultural markets in four selected EU Member States (the Netherlands, Germany, Italy, and Hungary) compared to a pre-COVID-19 projection. Empirical results are derived from...

The Netherlands is facing a set of serious interrelated environmental and economic challenges, some of which are developing to crisis levels. These challenges also impinge significantly on agriculture. With respect to agriculture, Phosphate, Nitrate, water and climate impacts present key environmental challenges. The preservation of biodiversity, l...

p>Climate change mitigation requires a transition towards a more sustainable system which eventually achieves circularity and climate-neutrality in all sectors, including agriculture. Despite the consensus about this ultimate goal, there is no unique way forward to achieve it. In this regard, usual questions that policy-makers face without having a...

p>In the field of agri-food, impact assessments to support policy decision-making are often based on simulations delivered by models. The increasing complexity of policies affecting the agri-food sector requires improving the capacities of current models, connecting or redesigning them to deliver forward-looking insights on policy objectives. The E...

The evolution of yields is one of the driving factors explaining crop supply growth. Part of this is explained by how yields react to prices, though there is a lot of uncertainty about the price-responsiveness of yields. Using information from various sources such as agronomy, economic theory and economic literature an in-depth assessment of yield...

The presence of African Swine Fever ( ASF ) and its impacts on the global pig meat market has been gaining increased attention in recent times. Although more than 2,400 ASF events have been observed across the world since 2016, none of them have had the unprecedented consequences of the current outbreak in China. In an attempt to control the diseas...

As these lines were written, the Covid-19 pandemic crisis was continuing to threaten countries around the globe. The worldwide consensus that physical distancing is an effective instrument for mitigating the spread of the virus has led policymakers to temporarily limit the freedom of movement of people between and within countries, cities, and even...

Recommendations for the development of the pig sector in Romania and recommendations regarding ASF control are derived, based on market analysis.

Old and new challenges with respect to farm income support, the environment and climate, and territorial imbalances justify a further reform of the common agricultural policy (CAP). As compared to the CAP post-2013 reform, the new CAP post-2020 proposals imply a rebalancing of the responsibility between the EU and member states (MSs), allowing more...

The EU remains under threat of communicable diseases of livestock that may have a severe economic impact or that are of public health significance or both. Such diseases may be introduced and spread by the trading of animals and their products. Measures in line with international agreements are required to prevent the introduction of disease, to co...

Two policy frameworks of the EU play an important role in enhancing the ecological sustainability of agriculture: environmental policy and the common agricultural policy (CAP). The latter includes some positive incentives for environmental contributions (‘the provider gets’). A central principle of environmental policy is that the producer should b...

Stimulated by the switch away from price support in the early 1990s (the Mac Sharry reform), direct income payments have now become the central policy tool in EU agriculture. More than 70 per cent of the common agricultural practices (CAP) budget is now accounted for by these ‘single’ payments, which are largely decoupled from production. To receiv...

This chapter discusses the link between bioeconomy economics and policies and economic theory. Starting from the measurement of well-being, the link to the importance of irreversibility is established and the importance is stressed of a detailed understanding of the current situation (state of nature). This includes the situation of the agricultura...

This chapter explains the evolution of the Common Market Organisation (CMO) in agriculture. It starts with the original principles of the European Union’s (EU) agricultural market and price policies and discusses successive reforms of some key CMOs. Market measures have clearly become less important, but they remain an essential part of the policy...

The rate of introduction and establishment of new economically or environmentally damaging plant pests and diseases has increased over the last century. Under the WTO-Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) and International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC), International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPMs) are defined to ensure that t...

In contrast to the dominant way of thinking in economics, in which economics is seen as a positive or neutral science, this paper argues that economics is a discipline that has its own normativity. This economic normativity should be distinguished from what is usually considered as ethics, which normally has a broader scope (e.g., stewardship). Thi...

This paper argues that there is a need for a food systems perspective to identify potential solutions for global challenges. The food system approach and food system innovations offer strong instruments to study and understand possible transition pathways to more sustainable and healthier food systems. We bring these points to life with some exampl...

Through a series of reforms, the European Union ( EU ) replaced most of its trade distorting price support programmes with safety net provisions and direct payments decoupled from production. This has resulted in greater market orientation and a situation in which farmers face increased price variability. Policy now emphasises the development of bu...

In deze notitie wordt inzicht gegeven in de ontwikkeling van de prijs van varkensrechten in de afgelopen vijf jaar, en de verwachte ontwikkeling van de prijs van de varkensrechten in 2019-2021. Deze informatie wordt gebruikt voor een advies aan het Ministerie van LNV over een marktconforme vergoeding voor varkensrechten, in het kader van de voorgen...

Policy, administration and industry need medium-term projections of the expected developments in the agri-food markets for their decision-making processes. The EU Commission presents such projections for the EU as a whole in December of each year. Those projections and their assumptions regarding policy and macroeconomic developments are depicted t...

This two-volume book provides an important overview to EU economic and policy issues related to the development of the bioeconomy. What have been the recent trends and what are the implications for future economic development and policy making? Where does EU bioeconomy policy sit within an international context and what are the financial frameworks...

This two-volume book provides an important overview to EU economic and policy issues related to the development of the bioeconomy. What have been the recent trends and what are the implications for future economic development and policy making? Where does EU bioeconomy policy sit within an international context and what are the financial frameworks...

This study provides a comparative analysis of global agricultural policies aimed at drawing lessons for the future of the CAP. Against the background of the main trends in agricultural support as well as recent changes and new initiatives in global agricultural policies, an in depth analysis is made of selected instruments in five countries (Austra...

This report provides a quantification of the effects of two possible post-Brexit trade scenarios on Dutch agricultural trade. Dutch exports to the UK and the rest of the world will be affected only marginally under a Free Trade Agreement between the EU and the UK. A WTO scenario will have more yet still relatively modest impacts on Dutch exports. W...

Getting behavioural responses of economic actors' right in market outlook modelling tools is a crucial quality aspect of agricultural outlooks. The practice and time pressure in market outlook-cycles run the risk to weaken the model quality, due to understandable, but ad hoc adjustments, that have the tendency to accumulate. This has especially a c...

Every year the European Commission provides mid-term projections for agricultural markets. These projections are reported for the EU-28 aggregate and split into EU-15 and EU-N13 to reflect the diversity existing between the pre- and post-2004 Member States. However, the diversity of European agriculture goes beyond these two aggregates. This report...

Several studies show that agri-environment schemes (AES) are likely to be more effective if they are designed at the landscape scale. However, this requires spatial coordination of environmental management across multiple farm holdings and collaboration among governmental and other actors, including, possibly, groups of farmers. In this study we an...

The abolition of milk quota fuels environmental concerns in the Netherlands. A microeconomic model is developed to analyse the technical relations between milk, roughage and manure production. Production functions for milk, feed and roughage are estimated based on milk quota and manure constraints. Together with an equation for manure production th...

Despite its frequent use in policy discussions on future agricultural production, both the concept of the yield gap and its determinants are understood differently by economists and agronomists. This study provides a micro-level framework that disentangles and integrates agronomic and economic approaches to yield gap measurement. It decomposes the...

The cattle sector is of great economic importance within the EU agricultural sector. Productivity of the sector is very heterogeneous. In the near future, a further increase in milk and bovine meat supply can be expected. To avoid a decline in farm gate prices, further product differentiation at the EU level, an increase in export opportunities as...

Annexes of report IPOL_STU(2017)585911_EN

p>Despite its frequent use in policy discussions on future agricultural production, both the concept of the yield gap and its determinants are understood differently by economists and agronomists. This study provides a micro-level framework that disentangles and integrates agronomic and economic approaches to yield gap measurement. It decomposes th...

Voedsel is te belangrijk om aan markt- en ketenpartijen over te laten. Nodig is een ferm en deskundig overheidsoptreden, met heldere uitgangspunten, stelt Roel Jongeneel.

The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has undergone many changes in the last fifty years. It has added a variety of new objectives including the management of natural resources and rural development and has seen a sharp revision of its policy tools. The structure of the CAP post-2020 is currently being considered. This study makes several recommenda...

This report offers quantification of effects of possible trade and agricultural support scenarios on the UK agricultural production, trade, farm gate prices and farmers’ income levels in case of the UK leaving the EU. The results of each scenario show that for most sectors the biggest driver of UK farm income changes is the level of public support...

The abolition of dairy quotas in Europe in 2015 has been accompanied by uncertainty on expansion of the European dairy sector. Whereas the total amount of quotas was limited and the value of quotas was falling before 2015, a significant part of active Dutch dairy farmers followed an expansion strategy in the recent past. Therefore, it was expected...

This report provides an assessment of what will happen after the EU milk quota system expires to the dairy sector and milk production in the Netherlands. In order to understand the Dutch situation, local factors (e.g. environmental regulation) will be highlighted, but also the broader context of international market developments. Because of the inc...

Gaining insight on the effect of policies upon the agricultural domain is essential for policy makers, famers and the agribusiness sector. A variety of models have therefore been developed that enable a prediction of agricultural development under different policies. Most models do however not make predictions on a fine grained level and are weak i...

Suiker speelt een belangrijke rol in de biobased economy. Voor de chemische industrie kan suiker als vervanging dienen van fossiele grondstoffen voor de productie van chemicaliën en materialen zoals bioplastics. Door zeer veel partijen wordt er momenteel gewerkt aan de verdere ontwikkeling van een scala aan chemicaliën en materialen uit suikers. Di...

Gaining insight on the effect of policies upon the Agricultural domain is essential to effectively regulate such a sector. A variety of models have therefore been developed that enable a prediction of agricultural development under different policies. Most models do however not make predictions on a fine grained level, making it difficult to see th...

Within the Reformed Christian tradition, there is a diversity of economic thinking. Contributions differ with respect to their theoretical significance, scientific originality, and typicality for the reformed tradition. Four different typologies or approaches are distinguished: some use a single normative key concept, while others choose to embed t...

Publication of this Oxford Handbook of Christianity and Economics reflects the emergence of economics and religion as a new interdisciplinary field. Most of the questions addressed in the new interdisciplinary field and this volume have been discussed for many years in disciplines such as economics, sociology, development studies philosophy, theolo...

This paper provides an estimate of costs and benefits of the negative and, to a lesser extent, positive externalities associated with the Dutch agricultural sector. A cost-based approach, rather than a demand-based of full CBA approach has been followed. Implications of methodological assumptions are discussed and some efforts are made to empirical...

In deze studie wordt een analyse gemaakt van de veranderingen in de omvang van de toeslagen uit de Eerste Pijler van het GLB op Nederlandse landbouwbedrijven tussen 2014 en 2019, die het gevolg zijn van de overgang van het historisch naar het regionaal model. Die overgang kan op verschillende manieren worden geregeld. Daarvoor gebruiken we in deze...

The latest reform of the CAP, CAP towards 2020, opens up the possibility to arrange agri-environmental service provision via contracting groups of farmers, rather than contracting individual farmers. The Dutch government decided to fully switch to a farmer group service provision system in 2016. The paper analyses the new organisational framework t...

8-9 January 2013 at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, a seminar took place bringing together people from various parts of the world, various disciplines, and various academic and non-academic professions — philosophers, economists, theologians, historians, social scientists as well as bankers, businessmen, investors and others — to analyze and disc...

The objective of this paper is to examine the value of experiments for assessing the impact of the proposed Common Agricultural Policy of 2013 on farm income and farming strategies. We focus specifically on the impact of an alternative direct payment system based on a flat rate and green payments. We show the added value of an economic simulation e...

A framework is discussed in which the resilience and sustainability of the dairy sector is investigated with respect to environment, agronomy, ecology and economics. As indicators of economic sustainability and resilience, attention is paid to profitability, costs of production and competitiveness. The picture generated by the set of indicators tha...

voorgestelde omslag van betalingen per bedrijf (bedrijfstoeslag) naar De voorgestelde EU beleid - omslag van betalingen per bedrijf (bedrijfstoeslag) naar betalingen per hectare (flat rate) betekent een ingrijpende verandering voor de Nederlandse landbouw. Eén aspect daarvan is helder te krijgen welke gronden straks nog wel of juist niet in aanmerk...

Naar aanleiding van het debat over de regeringsverklaring (14 november 2012) heeft het kabinet aangegeven om de effecten van het Regeerakkoord voor de primaire land- en tuinbouw door te laten rekenen. Hierop heeft het ministerie van EZ aan een samenwerkingsverband van LEI Wageningen UR en Panteia de opdracht verstrekt om de gevolgen voor de land- e...

Interdependencies in the field of food, agriculture, and raw materials are growing. Global population growth, rising prosperity, and changing consumption patterns in emerging economies have increased the demand for all three. Geopolitical trends shape global markets for food, agriculture, and raw materials and carry consequences for the Dutch agro-...

This chapter discusses the environmental compliance costs issues in the dairy sector of the European Union, and the implications of those issues for farm level and external competitiveness between the EU and the USA and New Zealand. The impact of compliance to standards on production costs in the dairy sector were estimated using a farm level analy...

This work debates and investigates the cross-compliance system - whereby farmers comply with certain standards relating to the environment, food safety and animal and plant health. It discusses cross-compliance in the context of existing standards, on-farm costs and the competitiveness of farm businesses. Analysing the economics of regulation both...

This volume investigates the cost implications and competitiveness effects resulting from regulations and standards in the fields of environment, human health and animal welfare and production-linked rules of "good agricultural conditions" for a range of agricultural products in the EU, USA, Canada and New Zealand. Part I of the book (chapters 2-6)...

This volume investigates the cost implications and competitiveness effects resulting from regulations and standards in the fields of environment, human health and animal welfare and production-linked rules of "good agricultural conditions" for a range of agricultural products in the EU, USA, Canada and New Zealand. Part I of the book (chapters 2-6)...

This volume investigates the cost implications and competitiveness effects resulting from regulations and standards in the fields of environment, human health and animal welfare and production-linked rules of "good agricultural conditions" for a range of agricultural products in the EU, USA, Canada and New Zealand. Part I of the book (chapters 2-6)...

This paper analyses the financial and economic costs and benefits of the large scale National Ecological Network (NEN) nature conservation project in the Netherlands, taking into account transaction costs and land market impacts of different institutional arrangements. The net financial costs associated with achieving the current plan are equivalen...

This paper investigates potential impacts on milk production of Dutch dairy farms if feed prices increase, milk prices decrease and milk quotas are abolished. A quadratic cost function is estimated using panel data on individual dairy farms of the Dutch FADN. Marginal costs and revenues are evaluated to show the heterogeneous farm-level impact of c...

Effecten van toeslagvarianten voor de Nederlandse landbouw.

De vleeskalversector en zetmeelaardappelboeren zijn het meest gevoelig voor de voorgestelde veranderingen in het systeem van toeslagen van het GLB. Ze lopen het risico tienduizenden euro’s per bedrijf per jaar minder te ontvangen, een ongekende achteruitgang.

Als de laatste voorstellen van de Europese Commissie voor het Gemeenschappelijk Landbouwbeleid (GLB) worden uitgevoerd, gaan de oude lidstaten, waaronder Nederland, minder landbouwsubsidie ontvangen en de nieuwe lidstaten iets meer. Maar de herverdeling blijft beperkt.

By stating the origin of a foodstuff, producers can provide consumers with information about where the food comes from. Country of origin labelling is the subject of debate from two different policy areas. One debate takes place in the framework of EU quality policy for agricultural products, the other in the framework of EU consumer policy. In one...

De vermelding van het land van herkomst is in de Europese Unie verplicht voor enkele agrarische producten, te weten: rundvlees, honing, verse groenten en fruit en olijfolie. In Nederland wordt het land van herkomst buiten de verplichte etikettering van deze productgroepen nog nauwelijks vermeld. Binnen het Europees Parlement wordt gedacht over uitb...

Met het vermelden van de herkomst op een levensmiddel kunnen producenten informatie geven aan consumenten over de plaats waar het voedsel vandaan komt. Herkomstetikettering staat vanuit twee verschillende beleidsterreinen ter discussie. De ene discussie vindt plaats in het kader van het EU-kwaliteitsbeleid voor landbouwproducten; de andere in het k...

This paper analyses the impact of milk quotas on the size structure of dairy herds in two major EU milk-producing member states, Germany and the Netherlands, using Markov chain models. Four mobility indicators characterising structural change are developed and calculated. Structural change in the dairy sector as measured by the mobility measures is...

The objective of this paper is to examine the value of experiments for assessing the impact of the proposed Common Agricultural Policy of 2013 on farm income and farming strategies. We focus specifically on the impact of an alternative direct payment system based on a flat rate and green payments. We show the added value of an economic simulation e...

Agricultural production experiences a shift in underlying institutions during the last years. Importance of private stakeholders like retailers, processors, consumers as well as tax payers is, emerging. Eligibility for single farm payments and marketing of products is linked to compliance with, diverse codes of practice and standards. Voluntary cer...

Abstract Jongeneel, R.A. & L. Ge, 2010. Farmers’ behavior and the provision of public goods: Towards an analytical framework. . Wageningen, Statutory Research Tasks Unit for Nature & the Environment (WOT Natuur & Milieu), WOtwerkdocument 203. 64 p;.6 Figs.; 9 Tabs.; 58 Refs.; 1 Appendix. The new CAP reform aims to stimulate the role of agriculture...

Recent Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reforms have affected dairy policy, including the milk quota system, and increased the market orientation of the sector. A modelling exercise, using the European Dairy Industry Model (EDIM), simulates an initial sharp decline in the EU milk price in response to the decrease in the intervention prices of butte...

EU farmers face increasing requests to comply with legal as well as private agribusiness and retail standards. Both requests potentially raise farmer's administrative burden. This paper discusses the potential synergies between cross-compliance and third-party certification schemes. In selected aspects cross-compliance and several certification sch...

De veranderingen in het Europese landbouwbeleid in de komende jaren houden in dat de bedrijfstoeslagen voor veel landbouwbedrijven sterk zullen dalen. Het ministerie van Economische Zaken, Landbouw en Innovatie (EL&I) heeft het LEI gevraagd inzicht te geven in de gevolgen voor de bedrijven met hoge toeslagen per ha; het aanpassingsvermogen van de b...

The new CAP reform aims to stimulate the role of agriculture as provider of public goods. An analytical framework is developed to model farmers’ decision making and to gain insight into farmers’ behavior in response to a number of policy instruments. The framework integrates characteristics of farm, farmer, market, as well as the policy instruments...

The aim of this study is to understand the implications of asynchronous approvals for genetically modified organisms (GMOs) that are imported to the European Union for use within animal feed products, specifically with regard to the EU livestock sector, as well as upon the upstream and downstream economic industries related to it. Asynchronous appr...

Aiming to stimulate the role of agriculture as provider of public goods, the new CAP reform raises many theoretical and practical questions. The most relevant ones concern farmers’ response to the policy instruments. This paper uses a formal model to analyse the incentives and constraints generated by policy instruments and their potential impact o...

Deze studie onderzoekt en bespreekt de recente en toekomstige ontwikkelingen in de EU-zuivelsector. De verwachte toekomstige marktprojecties worden besproken. De impact op de markt wordt teruggebracht tot op bedrijfsniveau en geïllustreerd door kwantitatieve effecten op de Nederlandse zuivelsector. Structurele veranderingen blijken een belangrijke...