Robion-Brunner CarolineFrench National Centre for Scientific Research | CNRS · Laboratoire TRACES/UMR 5608
Robion-Brunner Caroline
Phd / HDR
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84
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Introduction
History of african ironworking
Publications
Publications (84)
En Afrique subsahélienne, la sidérurgie est la plus vieille, la plus répandue et la plus importante des métallurgies qui y ait été pratiquée. Sa trajectoire, qui s’inscrit donc dans le temps long – au moins trois millénaires –, décline avec l’importation du fer européen à partir du XVe siècle et s’achève à partir du début du XXe siècle. À la périod...
Iron production has played a key role in the history of Africa for more than 3,000 years. The study of this human activity has demonstrated its exceptional significance, its historical antiquity and an astonishing variability of practice. Indeed, metallurgists developed different ways to smelt iron ores in Sub-Saharan Africa. They multiplied the te...
Iron production has played a key role in the history of Africa for more than 3,000 years. The study of this human activity has demonstrated its exceptional significance, its historical antiquity and an astonishing variability of practice. Indeed, metallurgists developed different ways to smelt iron ores in Sub-Saharan Africa. They multiplied the te...
Imiter, mine d’argent de l’Anti-Atlas marocain encore en activité, possède des vestiges archéologiques de travaux miniers et métallurgiques. L’étude de textes anciens et d’artefacts a permis de la rapprocher de la mine d’argent de Todgha connue à l’époque médiévale (El Ajlaoui 1994). Entre 2011 et 2014, une équipe pluridisciplinaire (historien, géo...
The variation of the Earth's magnetic field over the last millennia is poorly known in Africa, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa that represents less than 1% of the global archeomagnetic dataset. Fourteen iron furnaces fromKenya and Chad have been studied here for archeomagnetic purposes. These structures were dated by 14C from the 14th century in K...
Iron production has played a part in the history of Africa for more than 2,500 years. The study of this specific human activity has demonstrated its exceptional significance, its historical continuity and an astonishing variability of practice. In Sub-Saharan Africa, metallurgists developed different ways to produce the same material: iron. They mu...
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https://books.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/propylaeum/catalog/book/492
Ancient sub-Saharan iron metallurgy has often been blamed for triggering ecological deterioration, above all by a presumed
over-exploitation of wood for operating the fuel-thirsty smelting furnaces. This assessment is largely negative, regardless of the different
natural e...
En Afrique de l’Ouest, la région de Bassar (Nord du Togo) fait parti des centres de production du fer les plus anciens - la sidérurgie y débute au 5ème siècle avant notre ère - et les plus importants - environ 50'000 tonnes de fer y a été produit durant le IIème millénaire de notre ère. Les données scientifiques permettant de retracer son histoire...
Le pays bassar, localisé au Nord du Togo, fait partie des plus importants centres sidérurgiques pré-colonial en Afrique de l’Ouest. S’il est attesté que la métallurgie du fer, qui débuta au début de notre ère, représente un tournant dans l’histoire des Sociétés, l’impact de cette activité sur l’environnement, qu’il soit direct (besoin en combustibl...
Pour écrire l’histoire de procédés et de techniques comme la métallurgie en
Afrique, on s’attendrait à commencer par le commencement. Hélas, cette période de
mise en place reste encore une énigme : énigme dans le temps (quand la métallurgie
est-elle apparue en Afrique ?), dans la conduite (quel métal fut produit en premier ?
quels furent les procéd...
En dépit d’un procédé long et complexe, régi par des règles physico-chimiques strictes, les hommes ont développé, au cours du temps, différentes manières de produire du fer. Ils ont fait preuve d’innovation et de créativité dans la construction des fours, la conduite de la séparation entre les scories et le fer, le mode de ventilation, l’organisati...
Senegal and Gambia megaliths in their regional context.
Stone architectures of the Senegambian megalithism have long been considered as an autonomous entity in a sector of the African continent where adobe constructions are traditionally favoured. Our knowledge of these monuments has been deeply modified by ten years of archaeological research on...
According to our ethnohistorical interviews in the Bassar area, a restricted number of hard wood species of the plant families Fabaceae and Combretaceae were considered particularly suitable for iron smelting, including several species with a strong capacity to re-sprout after coppicing (e.g. Pericopsis laxiflora, Combretum spp.).
The taxon compos...
Local iron production played a major role in the pre-colonial West African economy and certain
metallurgical centres operated on an industrial magnitude. One of them is the Bassar area in central Togo
where the onset of iron metallurgy is considered to date back to the 3rd-4th century BC, even though only
from the 14th century AD onwards the area e...
L’histoire de la métallurgie n’est pas la même sur tout le continent africain.
La partie Nord est en contact avec le Proche Orient et connaît une évolution similaire, légèrement plus tardive : utilisation des métaux natifs (or, cuivre, fer météoritique), ensuite extraction du cuivre pur et fabrication des alliages à base de cuivre et pour finir in...
Local iron production played a major role in pre-colonial West African economy and early voyagers
report the industrial magnitude of certain metallurgical centres. One of them is the Bassar Region in
central Togo where iron production operated on a high level until the early 20th century and ceased
completely only in the 1950s. Its onset is conside...
Local iron production played a major role in pre-colonial West African economy and early voyagers
report the industrial magnitude of certain metallurgical centres. One of them is the Bassar Region in
central Togo where iron production operated on a high level until the early 20th century and ceased
completely only in the 1950s. Its onset is cons...
In the context of the “Crossroads of Empires” project led by Anne Haour, one strand of enquiry aims to understand the history of blacksmith groups and the development of iron production in Dendi country, in the northern Republic of Benin. Numerous remains of iron production have been discovered, showing a great variability in furnace design and was...
Discussion of the difference between the various iron smelting traditions evidenced in the dogon area, Mali. Archaeological criteria (furnace building, wastes assemblages and spatial organisation of the semlting site) are presented. Some aspects of the socio-economical organization are also presented.
Anthracological assemblages originating from slag heaps attributed to different metallurgical traditions in the Dogon Country (Mali, West Africa) evidence the predominant use of charcoal made from wood with high burning value for iron bloomery. In spite of this, at most sites, there is no indication of exceptional selectivity for single species and...
Since 2002, research on paleometallurgy in Dogon Country has revealed an exceptional history of siderurgical activity. More than one hundred iron ore smelting sites have been recorded, mapped and studied for the first time. Based on technological, cultural and economic criteria, we have attributed these sites to seven different siderurgical traditi...
The international program « Peuplement humain et évolution paléoclimatique en Afrique de l'Ouest » has been developing since 1997 a diachronic analysis of the Man- Environment interactions in the sub-Saharan zone of West Africa. The studies were initiated on the Ounjougou sites complex, on the Bandiagara plateau (dogon country, Mali). This complex...
Une chronologie pour le peuplement et le climat du pays dogon: la séquence culturelle et environnementale du gisement d'Ounjougou (Mali) A chronology for the peopling and the climate of the dogon country: the cultural and environmental sequence of Ounjougou (Mali) Résumé Sur le complexe de sites d'Ounjougou (plateau de Bandiagara, pays dogon, Mali)...
The international program « Peuplement humain et évolution paléoclimatique en Afrique de l'Ouest » has been developing since 1997 a diachronic analysis of the Man-Environment inte-ractions in the sub-Saharan zone of West Africa. The studies were initiated on the Ounjougou sites complex, on the Bandiagara plateau (dogon country, Mali). This complex...
Presentation of the field research on iron smelting sites in the dogon area.
This study is part of the international and interdisciplinary research project «Human population and paleoenvironment in West Africa» (Huysecom 2002). In this framework, the iron production and its development are being studied on the Dogon plateau (Robion-Brunner & Huysecom in press). The generalization of the use of iron had an important impact o...
La sixième mission de terrain du programme international Paléoenvironnement et peuplement humain en Afrique de l'Ouest s'est déroulée dans la région d'Ounjougou (Pays dogon, Mali), du 17 janvier au 7 mars 2003. Les travaux de cette année consistaient essentiellement soit en des fouilles de contrôle visant à préciser certaines découvertes effectuées...
Des objets en métal à base de cuivre issus de la fouille, dans les années 1900, de deux tertres funéraires de la région des Lacs, au nord du delta intérieur du Niger (Mali), ont été récemment analysés. La tradition historique et les données archéologiques régionales permettent de situer ces pièces selon toute vraisemblance dans la période du plein...
The international program « Peuplement humain et évolution paléoclimatique en Afrique de l'Ouest » has been developing since 1997 a diachronic analysis of the Man-Environment inte- ractions in the sub-Saharan zone of West Africa. The studies were initiated on the Ounjougou sites complex, on the Bandiagara plateau (dogon country, Mali). This complex...
