Robin A Cohen

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | CDC · National Center for Health Statistics

Objective-This report presents national estimates of people living in families having problems paying medical bills by selected sociodemographic and geographic characteristics, including sex, race and Hispanic origin, family income, health insurance coverage status, education level, urbanization level, region, and state Medicaid expansion status.

Objective-This report presents national estimates of different types of health insurance coverage and lack of coverage (uninsured).Estimates are presented by selected sociodemographic characteristics, including age, sex, race and Hispanic origin, family income, education level, employment status, and marital status.

Objective-This report presents state, regional, and national estimates of the percentage of people who were uninsured, had private health insurance coverage, and had public health insurance coverage at the time of the interview.

The aim of physical, speech, rehabilitative, and occupational therapy is to restore health, independence, and quality of life by addressing a range of health-related conditions that limit people's abilities to perform functional activities in their daily lives (1). Because functional ability is closely related to participation in society, it is an...

Oral health is an essential component of overall health and well-being (1,2). Along with good oral hygiene, an important factor of oral health is regular dental care (3). However, about 35% of adults aged 18 and over did not have a dental visit in 2019 (4), and predictors such as age, race, sex, and socioeconomic status were associated with delayed...

Objectives The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends persons aged ≥6 months receive an influenza vaccination annually, and certain adults aged ≥19 years receive the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine alone or in series with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, depending on age, chronic conditions, and smoking s...

Objectives—This report presents national estimates of different types of health insurance coverage and lack of coverage (uninsured). Estimates are presented by selected sociodemographic characteristics, including age, sex, race and Hispanic origin, family income, education level, employment status, and marital status. Methods—Data from the 2020...

Objective-This report presents state, regional, and national estimates of the percentage of people who were uninsured, had private health insurance coverage, and had public health insurance coverage at the time of the interview.

Estimates of health insurance coverage based on data from January through December 2020 are provided. In 2020, 31.6 million persons of all ages (9.7%) were uninsured at the time of interview (Figure 1). This is lower than, but not significantly different from, 2019 where 33.2 million persons of all ages (10.3%) were uninsured.  In 2020, am...

Objectives-This report presents state, regional, and national estimates of the percentage of persons who were uninsured, had private health insurance coverage, and had public health insurance coverage at the time of the interview. Methods-Data from the 2019 National Health Interview Survey were used to estimate health insurance coverage. Estimates...

Regular dental care can lower the risk for oral diseases, and studies have shown a connection between oral health and general health (1,2). However, in 2019 about 35% of adults aged 18 and over did not have a dental examination or cleaning (3). It has been shown that disparities exist in access and use of dental care, especially between rural and u...

Objectives-This report presents national estimates of different types of health insurance coverage and lack of coverage (uninsured). Estimates are presented by selected sociodemographic characteristics, including age, sex, race and Hispanic origin, poverty status, education level, employment status, and marital status.

Objectives-This report describes the prevalence of multiple (two or more) chronic conditions (MCC) among veterans and nonveterans and examines whether differences by veteran status may be explained by differences in sociodemographic composition, smoking behavior, and weight status based on body mass index. Methods-Data from the 2015-2018 National H...

Previously published data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) reported that the percentage of uninsured adults aged 18-64 significantly decreased from 20.4% in 2013 to 13.3% in 2018 (1). Lack of health insurance has been associated with not receiving preventive services or screenings and may, in turn, lead to delays in disease diagnosi...

From January through June 2019, 30.7 million persons of all ages (9.5%) were uninsured at the time of interview. • Among adults aged 18–64, 13.7% were uninsured at the time of interview, 20.4% had public coverage, and 67.7% had private health insurance coverage. • Among children aged 0–17 years, 4.4% were uninsured, 41.6% had public coverage, and 5...

Objective-This report describes how problems paying medical bills and forgone medical care vary by family composition among families with at least one older adult (aged 65 and over). Methods-Data from families in the 2017-2018 National Health Interview Survey that included at least one older adult were analyzed (n = 19,471). Bivariate and multivari...

Data from the National Health Interview Survey ●● Overall, the percentage of persons who were in families having problems paying medical bills in the past 12 months decreased from 19.7% in 2011 to 14.2% in 2018. ●● In 2018, the percentage of persons who were in families having problems paying medical bills was higher among females (14.7%), children...

Objective-This report examines select measures of health care access, utilization, and financial burden by metropolitan statistical area (MSA) status among adults aged 18-64. Methods-Data from the 2017 National Health Interview Survey were used to examine how a usual place to go for care, visits to a doctor or emergency room in the past year, unmet...

In 2018, 10.1% of adults aged 18 and over had diagnosed diabetes (1). The majority of those with diabetes take medication for this condition (2). Compared with those without diabetes, adults with diagnosed diabetes experience higher out-of-pocket costs for prescription medications (3) and cost-related, medication nonadherence behaviors (4). Adults...

In 2017, 86% of U.S. adults aged 65 and over reported being prescribed medication in the past 12 months (1). Most adults aged 65 and over have prescription drug coverage through either Medicare Part D or some source such as private health insurance, Medicaid, or Veterans Administration coverage (2). However, previous data indicate that some may sti...

In 2018, 30.4 million persons of all ages (9.4%) were uninsured at the time of interview—not significantly different from 2017, but 18.2 million fewer persons than in 2010. In 2018, among adults aged 18–64, 13.3% were uninsured at the time of interview, 19.4% had public coverage, and 68.9% had private health insurance coverage. In 2018, among child...

In 2017, nearly 60% of U.S. adults aged 18-64 reported being prescribed medication in the past 12 months (1). Approximately 70% of prescription medications carry out-of-pocket costs, with generics costing on average $6 and brand names costing on average $30 (2). Strategies to reduce prescription drug costs at the individual level may include asking...

High-deductible health plans (HDHPs) are health insurance policies with higher deductibles than traditional insurance plans. Individuals with HDHPs pay lower monthly insurance premiums but pay more out of pocket for medical expenses until their deductible is met. An HDHP may be used with or without a health savings account (HSA). An HSA allows pret...

In 2017, 29.3 million (9.1%) persons of all ages were uninsured at the time of interview—not significantly different from 2016, but 19.3 million fewer persons than in 2010. In 2017, among adults aged 18–64, 12.8% were uninsured at the time of interview, 19.3% had public coverage, and 69.3% had private health insurance coverage. In 2017, among child...

Regular colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is recommended for reducing CRC incidence and mortality. This paper provides an updated analysis of CRC screening in the United States (US) and examines CRC screening by several features of health insurance coverage. Recommendation-consistent CRC screening was calculated for adults aged 50-75 in 2008, 2010,...

High-deductible health plans (HDHPs) are health insurance policies with higher deductibles than traditional plans. In 2016, HDHP was defined as a health plan with an annual deductible of at least $1,300 for self-only coverage or $2,600 for family coverage. Traditional plans have annual deductibles below these levels. Relative to traditional plans,...

Key findings: Data from the National Health Interview Survey ? Among adults aged 65 and over, more than two-thirds had an influenza vaccine in the past 12 months (69.0%). ? More than one in two adults aged 65 and over had a tetanus vaccine in the past 10 years (56.9%). ? More than 6 of 10 adults aged 65 and over had ever had a pneumococcal vaccine...

Key findings: Data from the National Health Interview Survey •Among employed women aged 27-64, unmarried women (72.2%) were more likely than married women (69.3%) to have been offered health insurance by their employer. •Among employed married women aged 27-64, 16.8% were offered health insurance only through their spouse's employer. •Considering...

Key findings: Data from the National Health Interview Survey •During 2014, 78.1% of adults aged 18-64 were insured at the time of interview and had been insured for more than a year. •About 6.4% of adults were insured at the time of interview but had a period of no insurance in the past year. •About 12.3% of adults were uninsured at the time of in...

Data from the National Health Interview Survey, 2013. To save money, almost 8% of U.S. adults (7.8%) did not take their medication as prescribed, 15.1% asked a doctor for a lower-cost medication, 1.6% bought prescription drugs from another country, and 4.2% used alternative therapies. Adults aged 18-64 (8.5%) were nearly twice as likely as adults a...

Key findings: Data from the National Health Interview Survey, 2012. In 2012, more than one in four families experienced financial burdens of medical care. Families with incomes at or below 250% of the federal poverty level (FPL) were more likely to experience financial burdens of medical care than families with incomes above 250% of the FPL. Famil...

Key findings: Data from the National Health Interview Survey, 2008-2012. The percentage of young adults with private health insurance coverage increased from the last 6 months of 2010 through the last 6 months of 2012 (52.0% to 57.9%). Except for an increase in the first 6 months of 2011, the percentage of privately insured young adults who had a...

Key findings: Data from the National Health Interview Survey, 2012. In the 12 months prior to interview, 2.4% of people in the U.S. had problems finding a general doctor, 2.1% had been told that a doctor would not accept them as new patients, and 2.9% had been told that a doctor did not accept their health care coverage. People under age 65 who ha...

Data from the National Health Interview Survey, 2011 Adults aged 18-64 and those aged 65 and over were equally likely to have asked their doctor for a lower-cost medication to save money on prescription drugs (19.8% and 20.3%, respectively). Adults aged 18-64 were twice as likely to not have taken medication as prescribed to save money (12.6%) comp...

This report presents statistics from the 2008 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) on selected measures of oral health status and oral health care access for adults aged 18-64. Estimates are presented by sex, age, race and ethnicity, nativity, education, poverty status, health and dental insurance status, region, place of residence, dentition st...

Using linked administrative data, to validate Medicare coverage estimates among adults aged 65 or older from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), and to assess the impact of a recently added Medicare probe question on the validity of these estimates. Linked 2005 NHIS and Master Beneficiary Record and Payment History Update System files from...

This report shows that among dentate adults aged 18–64 there are differences in oral health status and oral health care utilization among current smokers, former smokers, and never smokers. Overall, current smokers had a poorer oral health status and more oral health problems than either former smokers or never smokers. Current smokers were also mo...

Highlights • State-level estimates of persons who are currently uninsured, have public coverage or have private coverage were added to this release for 20 states. • In 2005, 41.2 million persons of all ages (14.2%) were uninsured at the time of the interview, 51.3 million (17.6%) had been uninsured for at least part of the year prior to the intervi...

The dynamic involvement of consumers in managing their own health care includes activities such as the use of computers to access, retrieve, store, or share health care information. As the percentage of adults in the U.S. who use the Internet continues to grow, the Internet may become increasingly important as a source of health information for con...

Research has shown that 74% of all U.S. adults use the Internet, and 61% have looked for health or medical information on the Internet. Additionally, 49% have accessed a website that provides information about a specific medical condition or problem. In 2009, the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) became the first nationally representative hou...

To fill gaps in crucial data needed for health and educational planning, we determined the prevalence of developmental disabilities in US children and in selected populations for a recent 12-year period. We used data on children aged 3 to 17 years from the 1997-2008 National Health Interview Surveys, which are ongoing nationally representative samp...

46.5 million persons of all ages (15.3%) were uninsured at the time of interview, 60.5 million (19.8%) had been uninsured for at least part of the year prior to interview, and 34.2 million (11.2%) had been uninsured for more than a year at the time of interview. • From January through March 2011, the percentage of children under age 18 years who we...

Key findings: Data from the National Health Interview Survey: 2008-2009. More than one-half of Hispanic young adults aged 20-29 years were uninsured in 2008-2009 compared with one-third of non-Hispanic black young adults and almost one-quarter of non-Hispanic white young adults. Among young adults aged 20-29 years, non-Hispanic white (66%) young a...

Key findings: Data from the National Health Interview Survey, 2008. Among approximately 172 million persons under age 65 years with private health insurance: The majority of persons (73%) had some type of dental coverage. However, approximately 45 million persons had no dental coverage. About 8 out of 10 persons with employment-based private healt...

Key findings: Data from the National Health Interview Survey. Almost 18% of adults under age 65 with private health insurance were enrolled in some type of high deductible health plan (HDHP), including 5% who were enrolled in a consumer-directed health plan (CDHP), 2% with a flexible spending account (FSA) for medical expenses, and 12% in a HDHP-o...

Key findings: Data from the National Health Interview Survey: 2008. Almost 13 million young adults aged 20-29 years did not have health insurance coverage in 2008 (30%). Young men aged 20-29 years were 36% more likely than young women of that age to be uninsured. Young adults aged 20-29 years without insurance were less likely to have a usual sour...

This paper examines the relationship between the impact of children's emotional and behavioural difficulties and the use of mental health services, using 3 years of nationally representative data from the National Health Interview Survey. Data for the years 2001, 2003 and 2004 were combined (n = 29 265) to identify a sample of 1423 children aged 4–...

This report presents long-term trends in the number and percentage of persons under age 65 years with different types of health insurance coverage and with no coverage. It documents changes in how the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) has collected information about coverage over almost 50 years. It also compares recent trends in coverage est...

Data from the National Health Interview Survey. In 2007, 17.3% of persons under 65 years of age with private health insurance were enrolled in a high deductible health plan (HDHP), 4.5% were enrolled in a consumer-directed health plan (CDHP), and 14.8% were in a family with a flexible spending account for medical expenses (FSA); Persons with direct...

This report presents both age-adjusted and unadjusted statistics from the 2007 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) on selected health measures for children under 18 years of age, classified by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, family structure, parent education, family income, poverty status, health insurance coverage, place of residence, region...

KEY FINDINGS: Data from the National Health Interview Survey. Overall, unmarried (divorced or never married) women aged 25-64 years are more likely to be uninsured (21%) than married women (13%) in the same age group. Poor married women are more likely to be uninsured than poor unmarried women, inpart because they are less likely to have Medicaid c...

Research Objective: This paper will examine changes in health insurance coverage status and changes in type of insurance coverage (public, private) from 2000 through 2006 among adults aged 18-64. Background: There is much concern about healthcare access and utilization among adults aged 18-64. Previous research has shown that uninsured persons re...

Key findings: Data from the National Health Interview Survey. In 2005-2006, 15% of U.S. children aged 4-17 years had parents who talked to a health care provider or school staff about their child's emotional or behavioral difficulties. This included 18% of boys and 11% of girls. Approximately 5% of children were prescribed medication for difficult...

This report presents state, regional, and national estimates of the percentages of persons under 65 years of age who were uninsured, who had private health insurance coverage, and who had Medicaid or State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) coverage. The estimates were derived from the Family Core component of the 2004-2006 National Health...

In response to the Medicare Part D legislation, the National Center for Health Statistics' National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) added a series of questions concerning prescription drug benefits to capture the impact of changes in Medicare on the quality and delivery of healthcare services. As part of the legislation, an interim Medicare Prescrip...

This report presents selected prevalence estimates for children ages 4-17 years with difficulties in emotions, concentration, behavior, or being able to get along with others using data from the 2001, 2002, and 2003 National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS). Data for the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population were collected using computer-ass...

This report presents statistics from the 2001 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) on selected health measures for children under 18 years of age, classified by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, family structure, parent's education, family income, poverty status, health insurance coverage, residence, region, and health status. The topics covered...

To determine the frequency and predictors of receipt of HIV test results. Analysis of responses from 19,127 adults in 1994 and 16,848 in 1995 surveyed for the U.S. National Health Interview Survey, using logit models to determine factors independently associated with decreased likelihood of receiving HIV test results. Overall, 12.5% (+/-1.0%) of pe...

This report presents data on access to health care for U.S. working-age adults, 18-64 years old. Access indicators are examined by selected sociodemographic characteristics including sex, age, race and/or ethnicity, place of residence, employment status, income, health status, and health insurance status. Data are from the 1993 Access to Care and 1...

This report examines access to health care for older adults, 65 years of age and over. In the United States for 1993. Access indicators include having a regular source of care, place of care, main reason for no regular source of care, unmet health care needs, and use of clinical and preventive services. Sociodemographic characteristics include sex,...

This report presents national estimates of access to medical care and unmet health care needs for children through 17 years of age by selected sociodemographic variables including sex, age, race and/or ethnicity, family income, family structure, place of residence, and health status. In addition, the impact of children's health insurance status on...

Two experiments were conducted to examine the effects of growth regulator application on cytokinin levels in developing apple leaves. In experiment 1, gibberellin GA 4/7 (100 mg·liter ⁻¹ ) and benzyladenine (BA, 100 mg·liter ⁻¹ ) were applied alone or in combination as a foliar spray to `Golden Delicious' 7 days after full bloom. In experiment 2, B...