Robert Bodkowski

• Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences

Dietary supplementation of ruminants with fish oil is a strategy for favorably modifying the fatty acid composition of milk fat. This study investigated the effect of supplementing cows’ diet with fish oil after low-temperature crystallisation (LTC-FO) compared to its raw form (FO) on milk yield, milk components (fat, protein, and lactose), and mil...

Many breeds have been bred for specific purposes (for meat, wool or fertility), and knowledge of the influence of a factor such as breed can enable breeders to more accurately to environment and selected performance indicators for best results. However, since breed differences are not fully understood, further research needs to be undertaken.

One of the important factors influencing the microbial community of ruminants, besides environment or diet, are breed and physiology. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess these changes in the levels of basic microbial phyla and families. For this study, qPCR analysis was performed to determine the level of bacteria (Firmicutes, Bacter...

The main factors influence of microbial community are environmental factrors like diet, but recent study where shown, that even genetic factors like breed can influence on composition of microbial community. However, the differences in terms of breed are not fully understood. There are many species of ruminants in the world, and each of them includ...

The composition of milk changes depending on the lactation period. In addition, there are differences in milk composition depending on the breeds of ruminants. Additionaly can be difference in microbial community composition of milk depend on breed and time of lactation period. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in selcted bacteria and i...

Simple Summary Aggression in dogs is often a reason for abandonment and/or euthanasia. Recently, knowledge about aggression has been subjected to more detailed analysis. In recent years, it has been studied in terms of factors affecting it, such as diet (especially nutritional supplements) and physiology (endocrine system). In addition, recently, n...

Fatty acids from the omega-3 family are an important element of both human and animal diets. Their activity involves a range of functions for the functioning of a whole organism, and their presence in animal diets can be considered as a means for animal origin product enrichment for human benefit or as compounds profitable for an animal's health st...

Simple Summary Nowadays, both consumers and producers are paying increasing attention to the health-promoting properties of food (functional food). Wide and multi-directional pro-healthy effects are shown by long-chain unsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (mainly eicosapentaenoic (EPA), and docosahexaenoic (DHA) ones) and conjugated linoleic acid dienes...

Simple Summary Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has attracted significant interest due to its health-related properties. The use of isomerized poppy-seed oil (IPO) enriched with CLA in cow and sheep feed reduced the fat content in milk and favorably modified the fatty acid profile. The content of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) in milk fat, especially m...

The study aimed to examine an effect of the preparation based on nanosilver suspension on mineral carrier on poultry litter microbiological profile. The study was conducted on Ross 308 broiler chickens. Three groups were formed, 28 birds in each. Birds were maintained on straw-sawdust litter, the groups were differentiated due to preparation appli...

The aim of the study was to determine an effect of the additive in the form of ethyl esters of linseed oil on the content of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids in serum and red blood cells membranes of healthy dogs. Eight healthy adult beagle dogs took part in the experiment lasting 16 weeks. The experiment was divided into two 8-week periods. In the...

The most important nutrients affecting wool production include sulfur amino acids, such as methionine, and minerals, such as zinc, and their deficiency may cause wool production decrease. The aim of this study was to evaluate an effect of zinc and methionine chelate addition on the qualitative characteristics of Merino ewes wool and zinc content in...

The aim of the study was to determine the electrical characteristics of wool derived from Polish Olkuska breed lambs. The comparison involved the features of wool both in its natural state and washed. The lambs were bathed on the 1st and 14th days of life. Electrical features were determined on the basis of impedance (Ω) and resistance (Ω) for wool...

Cardiovascular diseases are described as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in modern societies. Therefore, the importance of cardiovascular diseases prevention is widely reflected in the increasing number of reports on the topic among the key scientific research efforts of the recent period. The importance of essential fatty acids (EFAs)...

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are crucial for our health and wellbeing; therefore, they have been widely investigated for their roles in maintaining human health and in disease treatment. Most Western diets include significant amount of saturated and omega-6 fatty acids and insufficient quantity of omega-3; however, the balance between omega-...

The effect of administration of lipid complex (LC) on cow milk and cheese characteristics was studied. Lipid complex was elaborated based on grapeseed oil with synthesized conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and Atlantic mackerel oil enriched in n-3 fatty acids. The 4-wk experiment was conducted on 30 Polish Holstein Friesian cows. The experimental grou...

A review, with 69 refs., of properties and biol. activity of omega-3 acids produced from linseed oil. An innovative technol. for prodn. of Et esters of polyunsatd. fatty acids was presented.

Linseed oil and Et esters of the fatty acids from the oil were added (2% or 4%) to a culture of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells to study cytotoxicity of the additives for 5 days. Viability, proliferation, morphol., adhesion and architecture of cells were evaluated. The linseed oilderived Et ester showed the highest biological activity...

Tung oil acids (mainly alpha-elostearic acid) were esterified with N-hydroxysuccinimide and then converted to resp. imides in reactions with serine, arginine and aspargine. The reaction products were sepd. by high-performance liq. chromatog. and identified by mass spectroscopy as resp. lipoamino derivatives of alpha-elostearic, linoleic, palmitic,...

Llipoamino acids were synthesizd in reactions of satd. mono-, di-and trienoic fatty acids as well as conjugated li-nolenic acid isomers with arginine, tyrosine, serine, aspar-agine and tryptophan and then studied for antiproliferative properties on cells of human leukemia, lung, breast, colon and ovarian cancer also on mouse fibroblasts. The highes...

Oil formulations contg. active tri-unsatd. fatty acids (α-eleostearic 9c,11t,13c C18:3 and calendula 8t,10t,12c C18:3), di-unsatd. linoleic 9c12c C18:2 acids with isolated double bonds and 9c11c+10t12c C18:2 with coupled double bonds, polyunsatd. acids from ω-3 family (eicosapentaen 5,8,11,13,16,19 C20:5 and docosahexaen 4,7,10,13,16,19 C22:6 acids...

Et esters Of polyunsatd. omega-3 fatty acids of high alpha-linolenic acid (I) were used as a component of fodder supplements for dairy cows and sheep. The addn. did not result in any changes in basic compn. of milk from the examd. animals, but profitably modified profil of the milk fatty acids. An increase in unsatd. fatty acids content was obsd. i...

A few substances in the human diet have been identified as anticarcinogens but most of them are present in trace concentrations. Lipid preparations enriched in biologically active fatty acids like CLA, VA, EPA and DHA were used for Bioactive Lipid Complexes (BLCs) preparation. The compounds were examined for their antiproliferative activity in vitr...

Based on elaborated or modified procedures, fish oil was enriched in EPA+DHA fatty acids which content increased from 32.4-83.3% (preparation EFO) while milk fat was enriched in t i l CI 8:1 (VA) and c9, tllC18:2(CLA isomer) fatty acids from 1.8 andl.3-16.5 and 12.3%, respectively (preparation EMF). Linoleicacid c9, cl 2C18:2 contained in grapeseed...

The aim of the study was to analyze the hair coat of Daubenton’s bat with respect to its adaptative significance. The main attention was paid to the diversity of hair in that animals hair coat, and also to their histological structure and thickness. Eight kinds of different hair types were observed, differing with their thickness and histological s...

Linseed and tung oils were hydrolyzed with KOH in tert-BuOH/H2O soln. to free polyunsatd. fatty acids. No formation of fatty acid esters was obsd. The acid compn. of linseed oil hydrolyzate was unchanged in comparison to the original oil. During the hydrolysis of tung oil, the isomerization of a-eleostearic acid to fl-eleostearic acid and to two 10...

The alkaline isomerisation of grapeseed oil changed the position of double bonds in the chains of unsaturated fatty acids (positional) and altered the arrangement of radicals in relation to the double bond axis (geometric). Most of saturated fatty acids were removed as a result of crystallization with urea. These two processes produced oil preparat...

Investigated was the effect of isomerised grapeseed oil supplementation on carcass composition and body fat in lambs and fat content of their meat. Grapeseed oil alkaline isomerisation and crystallisation with urea resulted in synthesis of conjugated dienes amounting to linoleic acid (CLA) 77.6% FFA. The enrichment of fattening lambś rations with t...

The aim of the study was to analyse the hair coat of the three dachshund varieties, i.e. shorthaired, longhaired, and wirehaired, with respect to its histological structure and content of selected chemical elements. The study was conducted on female dachshunds originating from individual breeders. The study included the assessment of the contributi...

Grape seed oil was isomerlzed on CaO in (HOCH 2) 2 to Ca conjugated linolate (5.6%), while a fish oil was lowtemp, crystd. to increase content of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids to 41.5%. Both prepns. were supported on a com. humus-mineral sorbent and used as a supplement cows diet at 400 g/head/day to modify the fatty acid profile of mi...

Polyunsatd. fatty acids contained in cod liver oil (Initial conch.39.04%) were coned, by extn. to solid phase (aminopropyl columns, acids-to-packing mass ratio 0.6:100 to 12:100), lowtemp, crystn. and complexatlon with urea to the final concn. 97.79%, 70.47% and 97.07%, resp. Docosahexaenolc and eicosapentaenoic acids were the main components of th...

Eight com. available and recovered vegetable oils (flax, false flax, evening primrose, barage, blackcurrant, mustard, tung and pot marigold) were analyzed for chem. compn., esp. for content of mono, di and trl unsatd. fatty acids. Contents of conjugated linoleic acids In tung oil were: the Isomer 9c,11t,13t (α-eleostearic acid) 76.8% and the isomer...

L-Carnitine is an endogenous molecule involved in fatty acid metabolism, biosynthesized within the human body using amino acids: L-lysine and L-methionine, as substrates. L-Carnitine can also be found in many foods, but red meats, such as beef and lamb, are the best choices for adding carnitine into the diet. Good carnitine sources also include fis...

Grape seed oil was treated with KOH or CaO in (HOCH2)2 or glycerol at 185°C for 3 h to isomerize the 9c,12cC18:2-linoleic acid to its conjugated diene 9c, 11tC18:2 and 10t, 12cC18:2 isomers. CaO was more less active than KOH as the isomerization catalyst, but the Ca salts are of higher practical use.

Two anal, methods (spectrophotometry, spectrofluorometry) were tested for their applicability for enzymatic detn. of total and free L-carnitine contents in cow, goat and sheep milk samples. The samples were preliminary prepd. by hydrolysis with KOH at 60°C for 1 h, neutralization with HCIO4 and ultrafiltration and then analyzed after enzymatic acet...

Crude fish oil was crystd. at -18°C and -70°C after diln. with AcMe, hexane or their mixt. (1:4) to increase the contents of eicosapentanoic (C20:5) and docosahexanoic (C22:6) acids. The total content of both acid was increased from 21.5% by mass up to 41.5% by mass after diln. with AcMe.

Bedding in a sheephouse was powdered (100 g/m 2) with wermiculite humodetrinite (95:5) blend covered with nano Ag (about 0.1 g/L) to decrease the NH 3 concn. in the upper layer of bedding and above its surface. A substantial difference between the studied and control groups was obsd. only after 12 weeks of the expt.

Nano Ag was deposited from an alc. suspension on vermiculite, bentonite and halloysite sorbents (5 or 10%) used for removal gaseous NH3 from sheep manure. The vermiculite sorbent was the most efficient one (removal grade 47.4-65.2%).

The grapeseed oil was enriched in conjugated 10t,12c C18:2 linoleic and 11t C18:1 vaccenic acids by alk. hydrolysis and acidification with following cryst. from urea. The sheep milk fat was enriched in 9c,11t C18:2 linoleic and 11t C18:1 oleic acids and the fish (mackerel) oil was enriched In C20:5 eicosapentaneoic and C22:6 docosahexaneolc acids b...

The following chemical elements in sheep wool originating from Poland (Polish Mountain Sheep), Greece (Karagounico breed), and Syria (Awassi breed) were analysed: macroelements (Ca, P, Na, K, Mg, S), trace elements (Al, Ba, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Sr, Ti, Zn) and heavy metals (As, Cd Hg, Pb). Some statistically significant differences were observed bet...

Unsatd. omega-3 fatty acids were coned. In a fish oil (Atlantic mackerel fillets) from 35.5% to 90,4% by complexing satd. and monounsatd. fatty acids with urea in aq. EtOH, removal of the complexes and extn. with n-hexane, stabilized by addn. of α-tocopherol (0.2%) and tested for oxidative stability at 2-4°C for 12 weeks. The tocopherol-contg. cone...

Sheep milk fat was enriched in bioactive conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers by alk. hydrolysis with KOH (70-75% for 3h) and treated with urea to remove satd. fatty acids. After crystn. from EtOH at low temp. (-60°C), an increase in content of CLA 9c,11tC18:2 isomer from 2.1% up to 15.8% in the product was achieved. During the process, the conte...

Alkaline isomerisation of linoleic acid in sunflower oil produced trans-10,cis-12 and cis-9,trans-11 CLA at a level of 27.8 and 25.2% of total fatty acids, respectively. An application of isomerised sunflower oil enriched with CLA in feeding of fattening lambs caused a reduction of their adipose tissue from 15 to 27% (depending on a kind of adipose...

An application of isomerised sunflower oil enriched in CLA c9,t11 and t10,c12 at a level of 25.2% and 27.8% of total fatty acids, respectively, in fattening lambs feed profitably modified fatty acids profile of their adipose tissues. The content of biologically active compounds of beneficial CLA (from 42 to 53%) and TVA (from 42 to 130%) increased...

An application of isomerised sunflower oil enriched in CLA c9,t11 and t10,c12 at a level of 25.2% and 27.8% of total fatty acids, respectively, in fattening lambs feed profitably modified fatty acids profile of their adipose tissues. The content of biologically active compounds of beneficial CLA (from 42 to 53%) and TVA (from 42 to 130%) increased...

The influence of an addition of isomerised poppy seed oil on fat content in sheep milk and fatty acids composition was assessed in the present study. As a result of the isomerisation process of linoleic acid C18:2 cis-9, trans-12 in poppy seed oil, the synthesis of its conjugated dienes trans-10, cis-12 and cis-9, trans-11 in amount 34.3% and 32.2...

The study on chosen features of fur coat of reindeers (Rangfer Taradus).

The hair of numerous mammals present a perfect material for textile production. Mainly natural hair coat of sheep, goats or lamas is used for that purpose. Nevertheless, also hair coming from other animal species, like dogs, may be used for yarn production. Taking above into consideration we decided to conduct the research aiming at analysis of hai...

An influence of isomerised poppy seed oil on lamb body fat and fat content in meat, and also fatty acids content was determined in the research. As a result of poppy seed oil isomerisation, the synthesis of conjugated dienes of linoleic acid of trans-10, cis-12 and cis-9, trans-11 configuration in amounts 34.3% and 32.2%, respectively, occurred. Th...

Studies on the content of conjugated linoleic acids, especially on the 9c,11t C18:2 isomer in ruminants milk fat, showed this isomer to occur at the highest percentages in sheep milk fat 2.1 - 2.9%. The natural composition of the milk fatty acids was enriched in CLA after the milk fat had been converted into free fatty acids by alkaline hydrolysis....

Spent bleaching clay which is a waste product of oil manufacture was used for the production of oil-mineral supplement (PMT) to the livestock diet. The PMT contains not less than 25% of plant oils as well as abundant amount of macro- and microelements. The basic mineral used is bentonite together with brown coal and peat of special sorts. The PMT w...

The aim of the present work was to assess the efficiency of thermal treatment of rape seeds in the reduction of its fat lypolysis in rumen and unsaturated fatty acids biohy-drogenation. The studies were conducted using in sacco method with polyamide sacs on 6 rams of Merino breed with simple fistula of rumen. The protection of caked rape seeds invo...

The effect of supplementation with thermally processed rape seeds on the impro-vement of flavor and taste values of lamb meat was investigated in the present study. The study was conducted on rams of Polish Merino breed. The lambs from the control group received the CJ mixture and meadow hay and the lambs from the experimental group ad-ditionally 2...

Fatty acids content was investigated in a goat milk fat during diet enrichment in linoleic fatty acid 9c,12cC 18:2 and its isomers 9c,11t and 10t,12c. In the experiment observed increased content of trans vaccenic acid for about 35% while oleic acid 9cC 18:1 content didn't change. Introducing to the diet a mixture of CLA isomers (9c,11t and 10t,12c...