Robert Arnone

University of Southern Mississippi | USM

A global in-situ data set for validation of ocean-colour products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI) is presented. This version of the compilation, starting in 1997, now extends to 2021, which is important for the validation of the most recent satellite optical sensors such as Sentinel 3B OLCI and NOAA-20 VIIRS. The data s...

The satellite validation navy tool (SAVANT) was developed by the Naval Research Laboratory to help facilitate the assessment of the stability and accuracy of ocean color satellites, using numerous ground truth (in situ) platforms around the globe and support methods for match-up protocols. The effects of varying spatial constraints with permissive...

A global compilation of in situ data is useful to evaluate the quality of ocean-colour satellite data records. Here we describe the data compiled for the validation of the ocean-colour products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI). The data were acquired from several sources (including, inter alia, MOBY, BOUSSOLE, AERONET-OC...

A global compilation of in situ data is useful to evaluate the quality of ocean-colour satellite data records. Here we describe the data compiled for the validation of the ocean-colour products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI). The data were acquired from several sources (including, inter alia, MOBY, BOUSSOLE, AERONET-OC...

An approach that combines field observations and satellite inferences of Secchi depth could transform how we assess water clarity across the globe and pinpoint key changes over the past century.

Coastal river-dominated oceans are physically complex, biologically productive, and intimately connected to human socioeconomic activity. The Deepwater Horizon blowout and subsequent advection of oil into coastal waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico (nGOM) highlighted the complex linkages among oceanographic processes within this river-dominated s...

Abstract

Using a modified geostatistical technique, empirical variograms were constructed from the first derivative of several diverse Remote Sensing Reflectance and Phytoplankton Absorbance spectra to describe how data points are correlated with “distance” across the spectra. The maximum rate of information gain is measured as a function of the kurtosis as...

The exchange of coastal waters between the Mississippi Sound (MSS), Mobile Bay, and Mississippi Bight is an important pathway for oil and pollutants into coastal ecosystems. This study investigated an event of strong and persistent inflow of shelf waters into MSS and Mobile Bay during October 2015 by combining in situ measurements, satellite ocean...

Measurements of diurnal changes in ocean color in turbid coastal regions in the Gulf of Mexico were characterized using above water spectral radiometry from a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (aerosol robotic network-WaveCIS CSI-06) site that can provide 8 to 10 observations per day. Satellite capability to detect diurnal changes in oc...

This White Paper describes University of New Orleans' interest in developing a fully-integrated and operational unmanned surface vehicle (USV) to support oil spill cleanup operations. UNO’s intent is to work with organizations such as the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) to experiment and demonstrate the potential offered by US...

A compiled set of in situ data is important to evaluate the quality of ocean-colour satellite-data records. Here we describe the data compiled for the validation of the ocean-colour products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI). The data were acquired from several sources (MOBY, BOUSSOLE, AERONET-OC, SeaBASS, NOMAD, MERMAID,...

The exchange of water masses across the Mississippi shelf was used to determine the chlorophyll flux for an eight month period in 2013 through the major Mississippi River discharge period in Spring and Fall. Circulation models (NCOM and HYCOM) and SNPP satellite chlorophyll products were used to monitor the changes in the shelf transport and surfac...

Coastal processes can change on hourly time scales in response to tides, winds and biological activity, which can influence the color of surface waters. These temporal and spatial ocean color changes require satellite validation for applications using bio-optical products to delineate diurnal processes. The diurnal color change and capability for s...

Coastal eddies, frontal zones and microscale oceanographic features are now easily observable from satellite measurements of SST and Chl a. Enhancing the utility of these space-borne measurements for biological productivity, biogeochemical cycling and fisheries investigations will require novel bio-optical methods capable of providing information o...

A compiled set of in situ data is important to evaluate the quality of ocean-olour satellite data records. Here we describe the data compiled for the validation of the ocean-colour products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI). The data were acquired from several sources (MOBY, BOUSSOLE, AERONET-OC, SeaBASS, NOMAD, MERMAID,...

Full-swath Sea Surface Temperature (SST) derived from data acquired by the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) sensor on-board the Suomi-National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellite produces significant overlap between consecutive orbits at all latitudes. In this study, we use those overlap regions to evaluate VIIRS SST, as i...

The uncertainty of the Advanced Clear-Sky Processor for Oceans (ACSPO) Sea Surface Temperature (SST) products from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) satellite is examined using consecutive orbital overlaps in coastal waters of the Gulf of Mexico. The overlapping region on the left and right side of the VIIRS swath at 23-35 degre...

The AUV Jubilee was an inaugural event to coordinate glider and other in situ ocean data operations in the Gulf of Mexico for the month of July 2015. Our primary goal was to establish an open dialogue and collaboration with scientists across the Gulf, in order to acquire simultaneous ocean observations and leverage off of fellow participants to cre...

Since the development of gliders, scientists have used them to collect high resolution data sets over long periods of time, weeks to months. For the majority of the time a glider is flown, scientists equip the glider with only the sensors needed to collect a limited data set specific to the scientist's research objective. Scientists can overload th...

Radiometric vicarious calibration of ocean color (OC) satellite sensors is carried out through the full sunlight path radiative transfer (RT) simulations of the coupled ocean–atmosphere system based on the aerosol and water-leaving radiance data from AERONET-OC sites for the visible and near-infrared (NIR) bands. Quantitative evaluation of the pote...

The Bio-Optical Forecasting (BioCast) system is a model that provides the US Navy with short-term forecasts of the ocean’s optical environment. The forecasts are required to support a broad spectrum of naval operations, including mine countermeasure, anti-submarine, and expeditionary warfare operations. The BioCast system works by treating any geo-...

The understanding of phytoplankton dynamics in the Gulf of the Saint Lawrence (GSL) is critical for managing major fisheries off the Canadian East coast. In this study, the accuracy of two atmospheric correction techniques (NASA standard algorithm, SA, and Kuchinke's spectral optimization, KU) and three ocean color inversion models (Carder's empiri...

As part of the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Ocean Cal/Val Team, Naval Research Lab - Stennis Space Center (NRL-SSC) has been working to facilitate calibration and validation of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) ocean color products. By relaxing the constraints of the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) methodology...

Navy operational ocean color products of inherent optical properties and radiances are evaluated for the Suomi–NPP VIIRS and MODIS-Aqua sensors. Statistical comparisons with shipboard measurements were determined in a wide variety of coastal, shelf and offshore locations in the Northern Gulf of Mexico during two cruises in 2013. Product consistency...

The sensitivity of ocean color products to variations in vicarious calibration gains at Top of Atmosphere (TOA) shows varying impacts in different water types for Suomi- NPP VIIRS. Blue water vicarious gains from MOBY in situ data, which is used for global open waters, and green water gains derived from complex coastal WaveCIS AERONET waters, have...

Sea surface salinity is determined using the visible channels from the Visual Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) to derive regional algorithms for the Gulf of Mexico by normalizing to seasonal river discharge. The dilution of river discharge with open ocean waters and the surface salinity is estimated by tracking the surface spectral signatu...

Several groups produce Sea Surface Temperature (SST) retrievals derived from data acquired by the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) sensor on-board the S-NPP satellite. Because of varying requirements or history, the groups often use differing SST equations to make their SST retrievals. Here we compare and discuss the equations thro...

Several ocean color earth observation satellite sensors are presently collecting daily imagery, including the Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO). HICO has been operating aboard the International Space Station since its installation on September 24, 2009. It provides high spatial resolution hyperspectral imagery optimized for the coas...

The 2012 revision of the Gulf of Mexico Monitoring Implementation Plan included the need to hold a workshop to determine the optimal glider design and glider monitoring strategy for temporal/spatial coverage that would complement ship surveys and observing systems. On 17-19 April of 2013 the workshop was held as part of the Forum for Gulf of Me...

The U. S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is developing nowcast/forecast software systems designed to combine satellite ocean color data streams with physical circulation models in order to produce prognostic fields of ocean surface materials. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico provided a test case for the Bio-Optical Forecasting...

A new radiometric term named as usable solar radiation (USR) is defined to represent the spectrally integrated solar irradiance in the spectral window of 400-560 nm. Through numerical simulations of optically deep waters covering a wide range of optical properties, it is found that the diffuse attenuation coefficient of downwelling USR, Kd(USR), is...

Improved maximum cross correlation (MCC) techniques are used to retrieve ocean surface currents from the sequential ocean color imagery provided by multiple newer generations of satellite sensors on hourly scales in the Yellow Sea and the U.S. East and Gulf coasts. The MCC calculation is validated in a series of Bio-Optical Forecasting (BioCast) ex...

Ocean color (OC) remote sensing has entered a new phase with the successful deployment of the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) sensor aboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) satellite. The representativeness and accuracy of the VIIRS geophysical products need to be assessed before a wide use of these data by the...

In the processing of Ocean Color (OC) data from sensor data recorded by Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) aboard JPSS-Suomi satellite, NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) is deriving a continuous temporal calibration based on the on-board calibration measurements for the visible bands, and then reprocessing the full mission t...

[1] Penetration of solar radiation in the ocean is determined by the attenuation coefficient (Kd(λ)). Following radiative transfer theory, Kd is a function of angular distribution of incident light and water's absorption and backscattering coefficients. Because these optical products are now generated routinely from satellite measurements, it is lo...

The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Preparatory Project (NPP) (SNPP) was launched in October 2011 to continue monitoring the globe in a similar fashion as the heritage sensors, such as the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MO...

System and method for detecting cloud shadows over water from ocean color imagery received from remote sensors.

Automated match ups allow us to maintain and improve the ocean color products of current satellite instruments MODIS, and since February 2012 the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). As part of the VIIRS mission Ocean Calibration and Validation Team, we have created a web-based automated match up tool that provides access to searchabl...

As an integral part of the VIIRS sensor calibration and validation efforts, our group has been continuously monitoring the validity of the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)’s Ocean Color (OC) and atmospheric data stream through time series in-situ data acquired at the observatory sites which are part of the AERONET – OC network. This...

The dynamic and small-scale spatial variability of bio-optical processes that occurs in coastal regions and inland waters requires high resolution satellite ocean color feature detection. The Visual Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) currently utilizes five ocean color M-bands (410,443,486,551,671 nm) and two atmospheric correction M-bands i...

The ultimate goal of the prediction of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) from satellite data is to attain an accuracy of 0.3°K or better when compared to floating or drifting buoys located around the globe. Current daytime SST algorithms are able to routinely achieve an accuracy of 0.5°K for satellite zenith angles up to 53°. The full scan swath of VII...

Same day ocean color products from the S-NPP and MODIS provide for a new capability to monitor changes in the bio-optical processes occurring in coastal waters. The combined use of multiple looks per day from several sensors can be used to follow the water mass changes of bio-optical properties. Observing the dynamic changes in coastal waters in re...

WorldView 2 (WV2), launched in September 2009, is a satellite with hyperspatial resolution ( $sim$0.5–2 m) capability for Earth surface observation. It has eight spectral bands with enhanced signal-to-noise ratio to cover the visible-to-near-infrared (V–NIR) domain, thus providing a great potential for remote sensing of coastal ecosystem, in partic...

The application of ocean color product retrieval algorithms for pixels containing cloud shadows leads to erroneous results. Thus, shadows are an important scene type that should be identified and excluded from the set of clear-sky pixels. In this paper, we present an optical cloud shadow-detection technique called the Cloud Shadow Detection Index (...

The Naval Research Laboratory is developing nowcast/forecast systems designed to combine satellite ocean color data streams with physical circulation numerical models to produce prognostic fields of ocean surface optics. The Deep Water Horizon disaster provided a test case for the Bio-Optical Forecasting system (BIOCAST system) to rapidly combine t...

The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard the National Preparatory Project (NPP) was launched in October 2011 to continue monitoring the globe in a similar fashion as the heritage sensors, such as the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). One of the primary missions of VIIRS is the continuity in providing the sc...

Retrieving the normalized water leaving radiance, which is subsequently used in the estimation of the bio-optical properties of ocean water, from the ocean color (OC) satellite images requires the accurate estimation and removal of atmospheric perturbation effects from the top of atmosphere radiance values recorded by the satellite sensor. This is...

The Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) was launched by the Republic of Korea on 27 June 2010 and is the first geostationary ocean color sensor in orbit that provides coastal bio-optical properties (such as chlorophyll concentration, absorption and backscattering coefficients) at unprecedented high spatial and temporal resolution. GOCI has 8 sp...

The attenuation coefficient of downwelling irradiance at 490 nm (K d(490)) is a standard product for ocean color missions. Presently, the Kd(490) product is produced through an empirical relationship which uses the ratio of remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) at 489 nm and 555 nm (for SeaWiFS) as inputs. However, radiative transfer theory tells us tha...

Above-water measurements of water-leaving radiance are widely used for water-quality monitoring and ocean-color satellite data validation. Reflected skylight in above-water radiometry needs to be accurately estimated prior to derivation of water-leaving radiance. Up-to-date methods to estimate reflection of diffuse skylight on rough sea surfaces ar...

A set of sensitivity experiments are performed with a two-way coupled and nested ocean-atmosphere forecasting system in order to deconvolve how dense phytoplankton stocks in a coastal embayment may impact thermal energy exchange processes. Monterey Bay simulations parameterizing solar shortwave transparency in the surface ocean as an invariant olig...

Passive remote sensing of the Earth system has used spatial resolutions ranging from meters to kilometers. It is thus necessary to understand how data products with different spatial resolutions can be compared with each other, and how sub-pixel variations may affect data comparison. This is particularly important for ocean color remote sensing whe...