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October 2014 - present
September 2011 - September 2014
February 2010 - August 2011
Publications
Publications (82)
We explore the use of supervised learning with custom loss functions for multi-period inventory control with feature-driven demand. This method directly considers feature information such as promotions and trends to make periodic order decisions, does not require distributional assumptions on demand, and is sample efficient. The application of supe...
This research investigates growth inhibitors for smart services driven by condition-based maintenance (CBM). Despite the fast rise of Industry 4.0 technologies , such as smart sensoring, internet of things, and machine learning (ML), smart services have failed to keep pace. Combined, these technologies enable CBM to achieve the lean goal of high re...
We explore the use of supervised learning with custom loss functions for multi-period inventory control with feature-driven demand. This method directly considers feature information such as promotions and trends to make periodic order decisions, does not require distributional assumptions on demand, and is sample efficient. The application of supe...
Predictive Maintenance (PdM) solutions assist decision-makers by predicting equipment health and scheduling maintenance actions, but their implementation in industry remains problematic. Specifically, prior research repeatedly indicates that decision-makers often refuse to adopt the data-driven, system-generated advice in their working procedures....
Additive manufacturing (AM) has recently been reported as enabler of digital spare parts supply. Thanks to its promise to produce spare parts with shorter lead times, AM may enable a make-to-order rather than a make-to-stock manufacturing process. Using AM, in fact, would allow to reduce the high inventory levels that are required by conventional m...
Both practitioners and researchers working in after-sales service logistics have gained interest in additive manufacturing (AM), as the technology is promising in reducing spare part lead times through local part production. We focus on using AM at remote locations to produce spare parts that are used as a temporary fix until a regular, conventiona...
Industrial equipment requires maintenance to remain operational. The level of maintenance that is required, and how easily it can be executed, is affected by the characteristics of the equipment. Therefore, design decisions have a strong influence on the effectiveness and efficiency of the maintenance process. Ideally, the design of the equipment s...
At the beginning of 2017, ASML embarked on a journey to evaluate and reform its after-sales service supply concept driven by the increased focus of its customers on infrequent but disruptive long downtime events. The company made changes to its service measures and to the planning approach. The new concept resulted in a worldwide decrease of 20% in...
Problem definition: We consider an OEM supplying a single part to multiple buyers over an infinite horizon. We study how the OEM can digitize the spare parts supply chain by leveraging 3D printing via intellectual property (IP) licensing. Academic/practical relevance: Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, has the potential to shift sup...
Modern Industry 5.0 design standards require Predictive Maintenance (PdM) technologies to address decision-makers’ needs explicitly. However, research into PdM techniques has overlooked the needs and importance of human decision-makers in PdM implementation and of people’s (un)willingness to accept these advanced technologies in their working routi...
Since downtime is expensive, it is key to use the right after-sales service contract to achieve high equipment availability. Resource-based contracts (RBCs) are common, but they fail to motivate suppliers to provide reliable products and services as suppliers are paid for their after-sales services. Performance-based contracts (PBCs) have been prop...
Part 6: Regular Session: Additive Manufacturing and Mass Customization
The world of spare parts may be revolutionized by the advent of additive manufacturing (AM). Thanks to the possibility to manufacture spare parts on-demand, AM has attracted great attention in the last years as a substitute of conventional manufacturing techniques (CM). However, both researchers and practitioners point out two main limitations that...
The booklet indicates the practical results the TKI-DINALOG sponsored research project ProSeloNext has achieved over 2015-2019. This project was a cooperation between 3 universities (TUE, UTwente, EUR) and several companies (ASML, Fokker Services, Thales Nederland, Marel Poultry, VanderLande, Canon Production Printing and IBM) and supported by Gord...
Since downtime is expensive, it is key to use the right after-sales service contract to achieve high equipment availability. Resource-based contracts (RBCs) are common, but they fail to motivate suppliers to provide reliable products and services as suppliers are paid for their after-sales services. Performance-based contracts (PBCs) have been prop...
The full potential of predictive maintenance has not yet been utilised. Current solutions focus on individual steps of the predictive maintenance cycle and only work for very specific settings. The overarching challenge of predictive maintenance is to leverage these individual building blocks to obtain a framework that supports optimal maintenance...
This article investigates spare parts service contracts for capital goods. We consider a single-item, single-location inventory system that serves one customer with multiple machines. During the contract execution phase, the true demand rate is observed. It can differ from the estimated demand rate because of two factors: increased demand variation...
We investigate the benefits of on‐site printing at remote geographic locations, where access to spare parts is intermittent and supplies are replenished at fixed intervals. Organizations typically have no solution to spare parts shortages other than expensive expediting orders, or waiting for a part to arrive with the next replenishment. We investi...
We are interested in the influence of spare part service measures on the performance of the front-end wafer fabrication process. This process is characterized by re-entrant flows due to the multiple layers present on chips. This exacerbates the effects of flow variability. We focus on the bottleneck resource. We consider three different service mea...
Advanced technical systems are typically composed of multiple critical components whose failure cause a system failure. Often, it is not technically or economically possible to install sensors dedicated to each component, which means that the exact condition of each component cannot be monitored, but a system level failure or defect can be observed...
The maintenance strategy for a complex system consisting of both non-monitored and monitored components is analyzed in this paper. Non-monitored components can only be maintained correctively upon failure. Monitored components are monitored continuously and are maintained when they become too degraded, i.e., when its degradation level hits a thresh...
What if an army on a mission in Mali could print a spare part for a broken jeep right there on the spot? After all, storing spare parts in a camp situation is difficult, expensive, and sometimes even impossible. It's also a challenge to get spare parts to such remote locations in time for them to be of any use. And suppose that-in whatever industry...
Capital goods, such as manufacturing equipment, trains, and industrial printers, are used in the primary processes of their users. Their availability is of key importance. To achieve high availability, maintenance is required throughout their long life cycles. Many different resources such as spare parts, service engineers and tools, are necessary...
We are interested in service contracts for spare parts. We introduce a new performance measure, XLD (extreme long down), that limits the number of deliveries that are later than an agreed threshold during the contract period. We consider a single item, single location stockpoint serving multiple systems where demand is satisfied in an alternative w...
Capital assets are typically maintained by replacing components with spare parts. Often, there is flexibility to delay planned, preventive maintenance when spare parts are required to perform more urgent unplanned, corrective maintenance. In this case, keeping a single stock of inventory to satisfy both types of demand can be beneficial. Therefore,...
The Royal Netherlands Army (RNLA) is involved in over 15 missions that typically take place in remote geographic locations. Access to spare parts at these locations is intermittent because supplies are replenished at fixed intervals via scheduled convoys. This problem is exacerbated by limited on-site parts storage capacity. The RNLA typically has...
Maintenance planning for busy railway systems is challenging because there is growing pressure on increasing operation time, which reduces the infrastructure-accessible time for maintenance. This paper proposes an optimization model that is aimed at finding the best maintenance schedule for multiple components in a railway track to minimize the tot...
We consider an original equipment manufacturer that can either design a system component that is produced with traditional technology, or design an alternative component that is produced with additive manufacturing (AM). Designing either component requires a technology specific one-time investment and the components have different characteristics,...
Capital assets, such as wind turbines and ships, require maintenance throughout their long life times. Assets usually need to go down to perform maintenance and such downs can be either scheduled or unscheduled. Since different components in an asset have different maintenance policies, it is key to have a maintenance program in place that coordina...
When designing a maintenance programme for a capital good, especially a new one, it is of key importance to accurately understand its failure behaviour. Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) and fault tree analysis (FTA) are two commonly used methods for failure analysis. FMEA is a bottom-up method that is less structured and requires more exper...
Capital assets, such as manufacturing equipment, require maintenance to remain functioning. Maintenance can be performed when a component breaks down and needs replacement (i.e., corrective maintenance), or the maintenance and part replacement can be performed preventively. Preventive maintenance can be planned on a periodic basis (periodic mainten...
We consider a maintenance shop that is responsible for the availability of a fleet of assets; e.g., trains. Unavailability of assets may be due to active maintenance time or unavailability of spare parts. Both spare assets and spare parts may be stocked in order to ensure a certain fleet readiness, which is the probability of having sufficient asse...
We consider a single stock-point for a repairable item facing Markov modulated Poisson demand. Repair of failed parts may be expedited at an additional cost to receive a shorter lead time. Demand that cannot be filled immediately is backordered and penalized. The manager decides on the number of spare repairables to purchase and on the expediting p...
Capital assets, such as manufacturing equipment, require maintenance to remain functioning. Maintenance can be performed when a component breaks down and needs replacement (i.e., corrective maintenance), or the maintenance and part replacement can be performed preventively. Preventive maintenance can be planned on a periodic basis (periodic mainten...
In this paper we investigate maintenance policy selection (MPS) through the use of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). A maintenance policy is a policy that dictates which parameter triggers a maintenance action. In practice, selecting the right maintenance policy appears to be a difficult decision. We investigate MPS for naval ships, but our res...
This chapter contributes with theoretical and practical insights on maintenance decision making during acquisition of capital assets. We give theoretical insights about maintenance decision making by reviewing the literature, while our practical insights come from examples of the decisions made at a maintenance organization for rolling stock: NedTr...
Inventory control for parts with infrequent demands is difficult since forecasting their demand is problematic. Traditional forecasting methods, such as moving average and single exponential smoothing, are known not to suffice since they do not cope well with periods with zero demands. Croston type methods and bootstrapping methods are more promisi...
Defective capital assets may be quickly restored to their operational condition by replacing the item that has failed. The item that is replaced is called the Line Replaceable Unit (LRU), and the so-called LRU definition problem is the problem of deciding on which item to replace upon each type of failure: when a replacement action is required in t...
Companies that maintain capital goods (e.g., airplanes or power plants) often face high costs, both for holding spare parts and due to downtime of their technical systems. These costs can be reduced by pooling common spare parts between multiple companies in the same region, but managers may be unsure about how to share the resulting costs or benef...
Stocks of spare parts, located at appropriate locations, can prevent long downtimes of technical systems that are used in the primary processes of their users. Since such downtimes are typically very expensive, generally system-oriented service measures are used in spare parts inventory control. Examples of such measures are system availability and...
For the spare parts stocking problem, generally METRIC type methods are used in the context of capital goods. A decision is assumed on which components to discard and which to repair upon failure, and where to perform repairs. In the military world, this decision is taken explicitly using the level of repair analysis (LORA). Since the LORA does not...
Successful organizations align technology with their competitive strategy. The challenge is first to make the right and timely decisions when acquiring new technology. Next, organizations must make decisions that help configure the maintenance services to fit the technology they acquired. Ideally, new technology should fit seamlessly with company p...
Maintenance activities strongly influence the operational availability and life cycle costs of rolling stock. To achieve an effective and efficient maintenance process, it is essential that the design of the trains and its maintenance service are well-aligned. We conduct research on how the design of industrial equipment, such as rolling stock, and...
Industrial equipment requires maintenance to remain operational. The level of maintenance that is required, and how easily it can be executed, is affected by the characteristics of the equipment. Therefore, design decisions have a strong influence on the effectiveness and efficiency of the maintenance process. Ideally, the design of the equipment s...
We consider a spare parts stock point that serves an installed base of machines.
Each machine contains the same critical component, whose degradation behavior
is described by a Markov process. We consider condition based spare parts
supply, and show that an optimal, condition based inventory policy is 20% more
e cient on average than a standard, s...
We consider a stock point for expensive, low-usage items that is operated by
multiple decision makers. Each faces a Poisson demand process, and the joint stock point is controlled by a continuous-review base stock policy with full backordering. We consider penalty costs for backorders and holding costs for stock on hand. For this model, we derive s...
Given a product design and a repair network for capital goods, a level of repair analysis determines for each component in the product (1) whether it should be discarded or repaired upon failure and (2) at which location in the repair network to do this. In this paper, we show how the problem can be modelled as a minimum cost flow problem with side...
The level of repair analysis (LORA) gives answers to three questions that are posed when deciding on how to maintain capital goods: (1) which components to repair upon failure and which to discard, (2) at which locations in the repair network to perform each type of repairs, and (3) at which locations in the network to deploy resources, such as tes...
Beta Working Paper series 346 BETA publicatie WP 346 (working paper) ISBN 978-90-386-2497-6 ISSN NUR 804 Eindhoven In the field of service logistics for capital goods, generally, metric type methods are used to decide where to stock spare parts in a multi-echelon repair network such that a target availability of the capital goods is achieved. These...
For capital goods, downtime is expensive. Therefore, system availability is of utmost importance.
For example, if a manufacturing system is unavailable, production may stop
completely. To guarantee a high availability, typically, a support network is used with
both locations close to the installed base and more central locations to serve separate
b...
We consider a continuous review two-echelon distribution network with one central warehouse and multiple local stock points, each facing independent Poisson demand for one item. Demands are fulfilled from stock if possible and backordered otherwise. We assume base stock control with one-for-one replenishments and the goal is to minimize the invento...
Given a product design and a repair network, a level of repair analysis (lora) determines for each component in the product (1) whether it should be discarded or repaired upon failure and (2) at which echelon in the repair network to do this. The objective of the lora is to minimize the total (variable and fixed) costs. We propose an ip model that...
Given a product design and a repair network, a level of repair analysis (lora) determines for each component in the product (1) whether it should be discarded or repaired upon failure and (2) at which echelon in the repair network to do this. The objective of the lora is to minimize the total (variable and fixed) costs. We propose an ip model that...