Rishi Ram Parajuli

Arup

This paper briefly discusses on the recent scenario in sustainable development goals and disaster risk reduction initiatives. Recent reports state that achievement of the target of SDG on 2030 is questionable however several strategies are placed internationally and locally. It raises the issue on paradigm shift in public awareness through citizen...

The resilience of the educational communities and the school infrastructure is of paramount importance to protect children from the various natural and man-made threats and to recover from the post-disaster trauma. However, after a natural disaster, it is typical for most efforts to focus on shelter, recovery and rapid reconstruction without due co...

Mechanical properties of masonry play important role in the identification of seismic behavior during earthquakes. As historical earthquakes precisely note that the non-engineered masonry buildings are the most affected structural forms during earthquakes, analytical models should be more representative to capture the real damage mechanisms. Simila...

The COVID-19 pandemic has exceeded over sixty-five million cases globally. Different approaches are followed to mitigate its impact and reduce its spreading in different countries, but limiting mobility and exposure have been de-facto precautions to reduce transmission. However, a full lockdown cannot be sustained for a prolonged period. An evidenc...

This chapter presents an overview of the construction technology and vulnerability of monumental masonry constructions in Nepal. The main administrative center is considered as a case study building and in situ and laboratory test results are presented to characterize the masonry construction that is native to Nepal but has similarities with Greco-...

An educational community represents the number of local communities from its catchment area along with itself. The practice of using school infrastructures as temporary shelters after the disaster is common globally. The resilience of educational communities, as a response to natural and man-made hazards, requires the safety and protection being gr...

Assessing the possibility of Coronavirus infection and its risk on an individual’s life, estimating the spatial transmission risk based on the dynamic condition of a particular place into consideration, and communicating the same to the public is crucial for minimizing the potential impact of COVID-19. With the increase in cases world-wide, new pat...

COVID-19 pandemic that has been spreading all over the world after it originated from China in late 2019, claimed millions of lives. It has not only changed the daily lifestyles, perceptions, and behavior but also has been a benchmark to tackle the biological disaster along with other recurrent disaster events through a multidisciplinary approach....

The Government of Nepal issued a nationwide lockdown from 24 March to 21 July 2020, prohibiting domestic and international travels, closure of the border and non-essential services. There were only two confirmed cases from 610 Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) tests and no fatalities when the government introduced nationwide...

The Government of Nepal issued a nationwide lockdown from 24 March to 21 July 2020, prohibiting domestic and international travels, border closures and closure of non-essential services. We collated the data provided by the Nepalese Ministry of Health and Population and assessed scenario of COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal during the lockdown period. The...

The Bagmati, an auspicious and sacred river, is adorned with Ghat, Dharmashalas, Pati, Sattals, Temples, Brahmanaal etc. at various stretches within the valley for the facilitations of the devotees from the daily ritual bath to the last right of cremation. The Bagmati has been associated with the peoples of the Kathmandu valley, making it a highly...

A Mw 7.8 earthquake struck the Gorkha district of Kathmandu, Nepal on April 25, 2015. In Patan, vibrational characteristics of a two-story masonry building near Patan Durbar Square had been measured prior the earthquake. During the damage survey of the building after the earthquake, several new cracks were found and the natural frequencies after th...

On April 25, 2015, Gorkha earthquake occurred about 80 km northwest of Kathmandu. In Patan, masonry structures collapsed in Durbar Square. The two-story masonry building that is the subject of this study, is about a 5-minute walk from Durbar Square. Although the building did not collapse, cracks were confirmed in several places. Microtremor measure...

Kumamoto earthquake M7.3 hit southern Japan on April 16, 2016. Extensive damages on structures were concentrated in the areas where the rupture exposed to the surface. We found many vehicles toppled on the site during damage survey in Tateno and Kurokawa area. Seismic response analyses of car are executed to find out the scenario of toppling condit...

Outbreak of serious accident on a highway across a big city during an earthquake would be a crucial issue for coming Nankai Trough Mega-earthquake. When the serious car accident occurs, not only the damages on vehicles but also the interruption of highway network would cause physical, social and economic losses. Here, we proposed new driving behavi...

Shreemahal, a composite masonry structure with timber and steel sections faced severe damage during the series of shaking of Gorkha earthquake and aftershocks. This building with major load bearing wall of brick masonry with mud mortar deteriorated due to seepage of rainwater, vegetation etc. There were several structural deficiencies as like absen...

On April 25, 2015, a Mw 7.8 earthquake struck the Gorkha district of Kathmandu, Nepal. In Patan, vibrational characteristics of a 300-year-old two-story masonry building near Patan Durbar Square had been measured prior the Gorkha earthquake. In the inspection of the building after the Gorkha earthquake, several new cracks were found. The vibrationa...

Simulation method of design ground motion compatible to target design response spectrum was performed with seed ground motion from observed earthquakes. Group delay time envelop of the seed ground motion was used with random phase in the simulation of design ground motion that keeps the frequency content characteristics of seed ground motion. Durat...

Seismic events are most uncertain events that we have to consider for the safety of structures, ultimately the safety of people and loss of probable damage. Shaking during the earthquake is a terrible moment that strikes the people for a long time of post disaster era as traumatic effect. Prediction of the earthquake is not yet a successful story a...

An earthquake of moment magnitude (Mw) 7.8 struck Nepal at 06:11 UTC on April 25, 2015. A field reconnaissance was carried out immediately after the main shock. This paper presents the accelerograms and the geology of Nepal. The acceleration response spectra of the motions at the valley show a prominent amplification at the period of 5 sec. This pa...

This study mainly focused on seismic response analysis of highway vehicles during the earthquake running on the elevated structure. Elevated structures those mainly dominated in city expressways and highways in mountainous areas; seismic response of such structures is spatially varied with type and properties of structures. Actual earthquake accele...

Nepal is located on a part of the Himalayan orogeny that has induced many destructive earthquakes there and in surrounding areas. Kathmandu is the capital and a center of culture in Nepal. Unfortunately, many historic buildings have been damaged by earthquakes over the centuries because of its location in an earthquake-prone area. In particular, an...

At April 25 2015, Nepal face big Earthquake of magnitude Mw 7.8 having epicenter at Gorkha District at approximate 77 km Northwest of Kathmandu. This results in huge loss of life and properties, more than 10,000 people losses their life. Earthquake itself does not harm us but man-made structure, create problem during the Earthquake. Low grade const...

Vehicle analysis using the angular momentum along with CPLM method defines the toppling condition of vehicle. PGA required to topple the vehicle is depend on the dominating frequency along with the amplitude of vertical acceleration. When the ratio of lateral to the UD component decreases, the lateral PGA value need to topple the vehicle getting do...

We propose a circular path and linear momentum method for the seismic response analysis of vehicles. This method considers the momentum induced by earthquake excitation and applies the concept of centripetal force acting laterally on the vehicle in addition to longitudinal forces. This method is valid for vehicles at rest as well as those moving at...

On April 25, 2015, a M7.8 earthquake rattled central Nepal; ground motion recorded in Kantipath, Kathmandu, 76.86 km east of the epicenter suggested that the low-frequency component was dominant. We consider data from eight aftershocks following the Gorkha earthquake and analyze ground motion characteristics; we found that most of the ground motion...

Expressways, main city links of road transport is dominant in Japan as like other developed countries where we need to deploy safety measures for users during earthquake. Mega cities should have to cater traffic with elevated city expressways. Viaducts, bridges structures are prone to earthquake, along with structure, driving through elevated roads...

Expressways, main city links of road transport is dominant in Japan as like other developed countries where we need to deploy safety measures for users during earthquake. Vehicles are considering running in one way road of two lanes with earthquake ground motion excitation in speed of average 80 and 100 kmph. For expressway, elevated structures are...

Structural response due to long duration of earthquake is still not confirmed as it amplifies more or no any significant effects, after Great East Japan Earthquake, M9.0, 2011; research on effects of long duration ground motion on structural behavior increased. This study concentrates on finding the relationship of duration with different parameter...

This paper focus on study of worldwide changes in seismic design codes after large earthquakes especially in design ground motion. Kathmandu is moving towards one of mega cities in Asia, so for urban development in future we have to consider all perspectives of design methodologies to have resilient city not only Kathmandu but also all other major...

Historical monuments that had been built in ancient time are mainly constructed of unreinforced brick or stone masonry in mud mortar with timber frames. Strengthening of such monuments is very important which require the analysis of structure. We analyze unreinforced brick masonry structure with a band of concrete in between soil and brick foundati...