Riitta Hari

Riitta Hari
Aalto University · Department of Art

MD PhD

About

623
Publications
159,756
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50,697
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Publications

Publications (623)
Article
Full-text available
People are embedded in social interaction that shapes their brains throughout lifetime. Instead of emerging from lower-level cognitive functions, social interaction could be the default mode via which humans communicate with their environment. Should this hypothesis be true, it would have profound implications on how we think about brain functions...
Article
During joint actions, people typically adjust their own actions according to the ongoing actions of the partner, which implies that the interaction modulates the behavior of both participants. However, the neural substrates of such mutual adaptation are still poorly understood. Here, we set out to identify the kinematics-related brain activity of l...
Article
Full-text available
We discuss the importance of timing in brain function: how temporal dynamics of the world has left its traces in the brain during evolution and how we can monitor the dynamics of the human brain with non-invasive measurements. Accurate timing is important for the interplay of neurons, neuronal circuitries, brain areas and human individuals. In the...
Article
Full-text available
Significance Emotions coordinate our behavior and physiological states during survival-salient events and pleasurable interactions. Even though we are often consciously aware of our current emotional state, such as anger or happiness, the mechanisms giving rise to these subjective sensations have remained unresolved. Here we used a topographical se...
Article
When your favourite athlete flops over the high-jump bar, you may twist your body in front of the TV screen. Such automatic motor facilitation, ‘mirroring’ or even overt imitation is not always appropriate. Here, we show, by monitoring motor-cortex brain rhythms with magnetoencephalography (MEG) in healthy adults, that viewing intermittent hand act...
Article
Full-text available
In complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), the representation area of the affected limb in the primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) reacts abnormally during sensory stimulation and motor actions. We recorded 3T functional magnetic resonance imaging resting‐state data from 17 upper‐limb CRPS type 1 patients and 19 healthy control subjects to identify al...
Chapter
MEG–EEG Primer is the first ever volume to introduce and discuss MEG and EEG in a balanced manner side by side, starting from the methods’ physical and physiological bases and then advancing to data acquisition, analysis, visualization, and interpretation. The authors pay special attention to careful experimentation, guiding readers to differentiat...
Chapter
MEG–EEG Primer is the first ever volume to introduce and discuss MEG and EEG in a balanced manner side by side, starting from the methods’ physical and physiological bases and then advancing to data acquisition, analysis, visualization, and interpretation. The authors pay special attention to careful experimentation, guiding readers to differentiat...
Chapter
MEG–EEG Primer is the first ever volume to introduce and discuss MEG and EEG in a balanced manner side by side, starting from the methods’ physical and physiological bases and then advancing to data acquisition, analysis, visualization, and interpretation. The authors pay special attention to careful experimentation, guiding readers to differentiat...
Chapter
MEG–EEG Primer is the first ever volume to introduce and discuss MEG and EEG in a balanced manner side by side, starting from the methods’ physical and physiological bases and then advancing to data acquisition, analysis, visualization, and interpretation. The authors pay special attention to careful experimentation, guiding readers to differentiat...
Chapter
MEG–EEG Primer is the first ever volume to introduce and discuss MEG and EEG in a balanced manner side by side, starting from the methods’ physical and physiological bases and then advancing to data acquisition, analysis, visualization, and interpretation. The authors pay special attention to careful experimentation, guiding readers to differentiat...
Book
MEG–EEG Primer is the first ever volume to introduce and discuss MEG and EEG in a balanced manner side by side, starting from the methods’ physical and physiological bases and then advancing to data acquisition, analysis, visualization, and interpretation. The authors pay special attention to careful experimentation, guiding readers to differentiat...
Chapter
MEG–EEG Primer is the first ever volume to introduce and discuss MEG and EEG in a balanced manner side by side, starting from the methods’ physical and physiological bases and then advancing to data acquisition, analysis, visualization, and interpretation. The authors pay special attention to careful experimentation, guiding readers to differentiat...
Chapter
MEG–EEG Primer is the first ever volume to introduce and discuss MEG and EEG in a balanced manner side by side, starting from the methods’ physical and physiological bases and then advancing to data acquisition, analysis, visualization, and interpretation. The authors pay special attention to careful experimentation, guiding readers to differentiat...
Chapter
MEG–EEG Primer is the first ever volume to introduce and discuss MEG and EEG in a balanced manner side by side, starting from the methods’ physical and physiological bases and then advancing to data acquisition, analysis, visualization, and interpretation. The authors pay special attention to careful experimentation, guiding readers to differentiat...
Chapter
MEG–EEG Primer is the first ever volume to introduce and discuss MEG and EEG in a balanced manner side by side, starting from the methods’ physical and physiological bases and then advancing to data acquisition, analysis, visualization, and interpretation. The authors pay special attention to careful experimentation, guiding readers to differentiat...
Chapter
MEG–EEG Primer is the first ever volume to introduce and discuss MEG and EEG in a balanced manner side by side, starting from the methods’ physical and physiological bases and then advancing to data acquisition, analysis, visualization, and interpretation. The authors pay special attention to careful experimentation, guiding readers to differentiat...
Chapter
MEG–EEG Primer is the first ever volume to introduce and discuss MEG and EEG in a balanced manner side by side, starting from the methods’ physical and physiological bases and then advancing to data acquisition, analysis, visualization, and interpretation. The authors pay special attention to careful experimentation, guiding readers to differentiat...
Chapter
MEG–EEG Primer is the first ever volume to introduce and discuss MEG and EEG in a balanced manner side by side, starting from the methods’ physical and physiological bases and then advancing to data acquisition, analysis, visualization, and interpretation. The authors pay special attention to careful experimentation, guiding readers to differentiat...
Chapter
MEG–EEG Primer is the first ever volume to introduce and discuss MEG and EEG in a balanced manner side by side, starting from the methods’ physical and physiological bases and then advancing to data acquisition, analysis, visualization, and interpretation. The authors pay special attention to careful experimentation, guiding readers to differentiat...
Chapter
MEG–EEG Primer is the first ever volume to introduce and discuss MEG and EEG in a balanced manner side by side, starting from the methods’ physical and physiological bases and then advancing to data acquisition, analysis, visualization, and interpretation. The authors pay special attention to careful experimentation, guiding readers to differentiat...
Chapter
MEG–EEG Primer is the first ever volume to introduce and discuss MEG and EEG in a balanced manner side by side, starting from the methods’ physical and physiological bases and then advancing to data acquisition, analysis, visualization, and interpretation. The authors pay special attention to careful experimentation, guiding readers to differentiat...
Chapter
MEG–EEG Primer is the first ever volume to introduce and discuss MEG and EEG in a balanced manner side by side, starting from the methods’ physical and physiological bases and then advancing to data acquisition, analysis, visualization, and interpretation. The authors pay special attention to careful experimentation, guiding readers to differentiat...
Chapter
MEG–EEG Primer is the first ever volume to introduce and discuss MEG and EEG in a balanced manner side by side, starting from the methods’ physical and physiological bases and then advancing to data acquisition, analysis, visualization, and interpretation. The authors pay special attention to careful experimentation, guiding readers to differentiat...
Chapter
MEG–EEG Primer is the first ever volume to introduce and discuss MEG and EEG in a balanced manner side by side, starting from the methods’ physical and physiological bases and then advancing to data acquisition, analysis, visualization, and interpretation. The authors pay special attention to careful experimentation, guiding readers to differentiat...
Chapter
MEG–EEG Primer is the first ever volume to introduce and discuss MEG and EEG in a balanced manner side by side, starting from the methods’ physical and physiological bases and then advancing to data acquisition, analysis, visualization, and interpretation. The authors pay special attention to careful experimentation, guiding readers to differentiat...
Chapter
MEG–EEG Primer is the first ever volume to introduce and discuss MEG and EEG in a balanced manner side by side, starting from the methods’ physical and physiological bases and then advancing to data acquisition, analysis, visualization, and interpretation. The authors pay special attention to careful experimentation, guiding readers to differentiat...
Chapter
MEG–EEG Primer is the first ever volume to introduce and discuss MEG and EEG in a balanced manner side by side, starting from the methods’ physical and physiological bases and then advancing to data acquisition, analysis, visualization, and interpretation. The authors pay special attention to careful experimentation, guiding readers to differentiat...
Article
Full-text available
Humans all around the world are drawn to creating and consuming art due to its capability to evoke emotions, but the mechanisms underlying art-evoked feelings remain poorly characterised. Here we show how embodiement contributes to emotions evoked by a large database of visual art pieces (n = 336). In four experiments, we mapped the subjective feel...
Article
Full-text available
Collaboration between disciplines is necessary when research questions cannot be answered within a single discipline. Joining of forces can produce results that neither discipline could provide alone. Here we exemplify collaboration between a ceramic craft researcher and three neuroscientists working in the field of human brain imaging. In our case...
Preprint
Humans all around the world are drawn to creating and consuming art due to its capability to evoke emotions, but the mechanisms underlying art-evoked emotions remain poorly characterized. Here we show how embodiement contributes to emotions evoked by a large database of visual art pieces. In four experiments, we mapped the subjective feeling space...
Article
Full-text available
Natural speech builds on contextual relations that can prompt predictions of upcoming utterances. To study the neural underpinnings of such predictive processing we asked 10 healthy adults to listen to a 1-h-long audiobook while their magnetoencephalographic (MEG) brain activity was recorded. We correlated the MEG signals with acoustic speech envel...
Article
Full-text available
Studies of brain mechanisms supporting social interaction are demanding because real interaction only occurs when persons are in contact. Instead, most brain imaging studies scan subjects individually. Here we present a proof-of-concept demonstration of two-person blood oxygenation dependent (BOLD) imaging of brain activity from two individuals int...
Article
Full-text available
Social-anxiety disorder involves a fear of embarrassing oneself in the presence of others. Taijin-kyofusho (TKS), a subtype common in East Asia, additionally includes a fear of embarrassing others. TKS individuals are hypersensitive to others’ feelings and worry that their physical or behavioral defects humiliate others. To explore the underlying n...
Preprint
Studies of brain mechanisms supporting social interaction are demanding because real interaction only occurs when the persons are in contact. Instead, most brain imaging studies scan subjects individually. Here we present a proof-of-concept demonstration of a two-person blood oxygenation dependent (BOLD) imaging of brain activity from two individua...
Article
Full-text available
Individuals often align their emotional states during conversation. Here, we reveal how such emotional alignment is reflected in synchronization of brain activity across speakers and listeners. Two “speaker” subjects told emotional and neutral autobiographical stories while their hemodynamic brain activity was measured with functional magnetic reso...
Article
Full-text available
Emotions are often felt in the body, and interoceptive feedback is an important component of conscious emotional experiences. Here, we provide support for the cultural universality of bodily sensations associated with 13 emotions in a large international sample (3,954 individuals from 101 countries; age range = 18-90). Participants were presented w...
Article
Objective: To assess with magnetoencephalography the developmental vs progressive character of the impairment of spinocortical proprioceptive pathways in Friedreich ataxia (FRDA). Methods: Neuromagnetic signals were recorded from 16 right-handed patients with FRDA (9 female patients, mean age 27 years, mean Scale for the Assessment and Rating Of...
Article
Full-text available
Many species use touching for reinforcing social structures, and particularly, non-human primates use social grooming for managing their social networks. However, it is still unclear how social touch contributes to the maintenance and reinforcement of human social networks. Human studies in Western cultures suggest that the body locations where tou...
Article
Full-text available
In multitalker backgrounds, the auditory cortex of adult humans tracks the attended speech stream rather than the global auditory scene. Still, it is unknown whether such preferential tracking also occurs in children whose speech-in-noise (SiN) abilities are typically lower compared with adults. We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to investigate t...
Article
Emotions can be characterized by dimensions of arousal and valence (pleasantness). While the functional brain bases of emotional arousal and valence have been actively investigated, the neuromolecular underpinnings remain poorly understood. We tested whether the opioid and dopamine systems involved in reward and motivational processes would be asso...
Article
Full-text available
Kokeelliset aivotutkimustulokset lisääntyvät nopeammin kuin ymmärryksemme siitä, miten ihmis­aivot toimivat. Pirstaleisen detaljitiedon rungoksi tarvitaan sen vuoksi aivotoiminnan yleisperiaat ­teita. Käsittelen tässä artikkelissa aivojen toimintaa käyttäytymisen tasolla, jolloin tärkeitä toiminta­periaatteita ovat muun muassa aivojen ja luonnollis...
Article
Full-text available
Significance Subjective feelings are a central feature of human life, yet their relative organization has remained elusive. We mapped the “human feeling space” for 100 core feelings ranging from cognitive and affective processes to somatic sensations; in the analysis, we combined basic dimension rating, similarity mapping, bodily sensation mapping,...
Article
Background: Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of psychotic disorders have reported both hypoactivity and hyperactivity in numerous brain regions. In line with the dysconnection hypothesis, these regions include cortical integrative hub regions. However, most earlier studies focused on a single cognitive function at a time, assessed by...
Article
Full-text available
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) records weak magnetic fields outside the human head and thereby provides millisecond-accurate information about neuronal currents supporting human brain function. MEG and electroencephalography (EEG) are closely related complementary methods and should be interpreted together whenever possible. This manuscript covers th...
Article
Full-text available
Movie viewing allows human perception and cognition to be studied in complex, real-life-like situations in a brain-imaging laboratory. Previous studies with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and with magneto- and electroencephalography (MEG and EEG) have demonstrated consistent temporal dynamics of brain activity across movie viewers. Ho...
Article
Full-text available
Seeing an action may activate the corresponding action motor code in the observer. It remains unresolved whether seeing and performing an action activates similar action-specific motor codes in the observer and the actor. We used novel hyperclassification approach to reveal shared brain activation signatures of action execution and observation in i...
Article
Full-text available
To gain fundamental knowledge on how the brain controls motor actions, we studied in detail the interplay between MEG signals from the primary sensorimotor (SM1) cortex and the contraction force of 17 healthy adult humans (7 females, 10 males). SM1 activity was coherent at ~20 Hz with surface electromyogram (as already extensively reported) but als...
Article
Experimental data about brain function accumulate faster than does our understanding of how the brain works. To tackle some general principles at the grain level of behavior, I start from the omnipresent brain-environment connection that forces regularities of the physical world to shape the brain. Based on top-down processing, added by sparse sens...
Article
Full-text available
Neuroimaging studies have shown that seeing others in pain activates brain regions that are involved in first-hand pain, suggesting that shared neuromolecular pathways support processing of first-hand and vicarious pain. We tested whether the dopamine and opioid neurotransmitter systems involved in nociceptive processing also contribute to vicariou...
Article
A framework where only the size of the functional visual field of fixations can vary is hardly able to explain natural visual-search behavior. In real-world search tasks, context guides eye movements, and task-irrelevant social stimuli may capture the gaze.
Article
The size of human social networks significantly exceeds the network that can be maintained by social grooming or touching in other primates. It has been proposed that endogenous opioid release after social laughter would provide a neurochemical pathway supporting long-term relationships in humans (Dunbar, 2012), yet this hypothesis currently lacks...
Article
Full-text available
The human brain continuously processes massive amounts of rich sensory information. To better understand such highly complex brain processes, modern neuroimaging studies are increasingly utilizing experimental setups that better mimic daily-life situations. A new exploratory data-analysis approach, functional segmentation inter-subject correlation...
Chapter
This chapter discusses the rather different histories of MEG and EEG. EEG has been used as a tool of clinical diagnostics since the 1930s with visual inspection of spontaneous EEG activity in patients suffering from various brain disorders, particularly epilepsy. For MEG, the evolution of applications has been the opposite: the first recordings wer...
Chapter
This chapter summarizes some relative advantages and disadvantages of MEG and EEG, most of which have been previously elaborated. MEG and EEG are the two sides of the same coin and provide complementary information about the human brain’s neurodynamics. The combined use of MEG or EEG together and with other noninvasive methods used to study human b...
Chapter
This chapter introduces visual evoked responses. Transient VEPs are maximal across the posterior scalp and consist of three main deflections—N75, P100, and N135. Magnetic VEFs also show a prominent occipital response peaking at around 100 ms. Visual stimulation can include light flashes, pattern onset/offsets, pattern reversals and natural images....
Chapter
This chapter introduces principles of MEG/EEG data acquisition and preprocessing. MEG and EEG are recorded as analog (continuous-value) signals, amplified, and then filtered to remove undesirable components with lower and higher frequencies relative to the signals of interest. The analog signals are transformed to digital form by sampling (also cal...
Chapter
This chapter focuses on MEG and EEG data analysis following artifact detection and removal. Basic time-domain analyses and issues related task-related data are initially examined. Analysis approaches for spontaneous activity and single-trial data in the time- and frequency-domains are introduced, including signal power, time–frequency and coherence...
Chapter
The aim of MEG and EEG recordings is to obtain new information about human brain function, especially with respect to the millisecond-range neurodynamics in both the healthy and diseased brains and to relate this information to observed behavior. This chapter reviews some basic principles of human brain structure and function, including thalamocort...
Chapter
This chapter examines the characteristics of instrumentation needed to perform MEG and EEG recordings, and some practicalities of the recordings. It introduces MEG sensors (SQUIDs), EEG electrodes, and the internationally accepted standard electrode position systems. For EEG, the effects of different reference electrodes are compared. Important cha...
Chapter
This chapter discusses, in the context of the predictive-coding framework, evoked responses to various changes in the environment and describes how the responses are related to variations in stimulus probability and the subject’s expectations. The focus is on three well-known responses: (a) the mismatch negativity peaking at 100 to 250 ms and elici...
Chapter
This chapter briefly describes the various types of evoked and event-related responses that can be recorded in response to auditory stimulation, such as clicks and tones, and speech. Transient auditory-evoked responses are generally grouped into three major categories according to their latencies: (a) brainstem auditory evoked potentials occur with...
Chapter
This chapter provides examples of studies of MEG and EEG brain rhythms that have considerably increased understanding of the human brain’s sensory, motor, cognitive, and affective functions. Parieto-occipital alpha, Rolandic mu and auditory-cortex tau rhythms, as well as more widely spread beta, theta, gamma, delta and ultra-slow oscillations are d...
Chapter
This chapter focuses on different types of biological and nonbiological artifacts in MEG and EEG recordings, and discusses methods for their recognition and removal. Examples are given of various physiological artifacts, including eye movements, eyeblinks, saccades, muscle, and cardiac activity. Nonbiological artifacts, such as power-line noise, ar...
Chapter
Voluntary movements are preceded by slow brain activity, visible in EEG as the Bereitschaftspotential (the readiness potential), and in MEG as the readiness field. These slow shifts can begin a few seconds before movement onset in the primary motor cortex and in the premotor areas. Cortex–muscle coherence refers to coupling between MEG/EEG signals...
Chapter
After a peripheral somatosensory stimulus, such as a touch to the finger, a compound action potential volley begins to travel along the peripheral nerve, first to the spinal cord, and then onward to the thalamus and somatosensory cortex. Both transient and steady-state somatosensory evoked responses can be followed with MEG and EEG from the periphe...
Chapter
This chapter discusses MEG and EEG studies of social cognition and interaction. Our understanding in this field mainly derives from experiments using isolated verbal and visual social stimuli in highly controlled laboratory environments. However, normal social interaction occurs in a complex dynamic environment where behavior must be adapted and sy...
Chapter
This chapter outlines the general principles of physics and physiology underlying MEG and EEG signals. It introduces charges and electric currents, and the associated electric potentials and magnetic fields. Basic laws of electricity and the relationships between magnetic and electrical fields are examined. The phenomenon of superconductivity is in...
Chapter
This chapter looks to the future of MEG and EEG. Advances are expected both in instrumentation and in data-analysis tools suitable for experiments carried out in naturalistic settings. Moreover, the person’s behavior should be analyzed in much more finer detail than is done at present. Machine-learning approaches allow decoding of different brain s...
Chapter
This chapter provides a number of suggestions about optimization of MEG/EEG recording sessions to guarantee as good signal quality and as high signal-to-noise ratio as possible. It also advices for performing replicability checks on the data. The practical aspects of preparing and performing an EEG recording (skin preparation, electrode-impedance m...
Chapter
This chapter discusses general aspects of evoked and event-related responses in MEG and EEG recordings. The earliest evoked responses occur within milliseconds from stimulus onset (for example in the auditory brainstem) and cortical responses continue for many hundreds of milliseconds poststimulus. Sustained potentials and fields can be recorded du...
Chapter
This chapter discusses clinical applications of spontaneous EEG and MEG as well as evoked responses in epileptic and stroke patients, and in presurgical mapping (including identification of the central sulcus). EEG and MEG remain, due to their excellent temporal resolution, the methods par excellence for diagnosing and identifying epileptic syndrom...
Chapter
This chapter discusses olfactory and visceral responses as well as the MEG/EEG signature of multisensory interaction. Olfactory stimuli can be embedded in a continuous humified airflow where the stimuli are presented at intervals of tens of seconds to avoid short-term habituation. Visceral stimulation typically requires purpose-built stimulating el...
Book
This book provides newcomers and more experienced researchers with the very basics of magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG)—two noninvasive methods that can inform about the neurodynamics of the human brain on a millisecond scale. These two closely related methods are addressed side by side, starting from their physical and...
Preprint
Full-text available
The human brain continuously processes massive amounts of rich sensory information. To better understand such highly complex brain processes, modern neuroimaging studies are increasingly utilizing experimental setups that better mimic daily-life situations. We propose a new exploratory data-analysis approach, functional segmentation intersubject co...
Article
Introduction Many central pathophysiological aspects of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) are still unknown. Although brain‐imaging studies are increasingly supporting the contribution of the central nervous system to the generation and maintenance of the CRPS pain, the brain's white‐matter alterations are seldom investigated. Methods In this...
Article
Full-text available
Objective: Somatosensory evoked potentials have high prognostic value in neonatal intensive care, but their recording from infants is challenging. Here, we studied the possibility to elicit cortical responses in newborns by simple passive hand movements. Methods: We examined 13 newborns (postnatal age 1-46days) during clinically indicated 19-cha...
Article
Full-text available
We studied behavioral matching during joint decision making. Drawing on motion-capture and voice data from 12 dyads, we analyzed body-sway and pitch-register matching during sequential transitions and continuations, with and without mutual visibility. Body sway was matched most strongly during sequential transitions in the conditions of mutual visi...
Article
Patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) display various abnormalities in central motor function, and their pain is intensified when they perform or just observe motor actions. In this study, we examined the abnormalities of brain responses to action observation in CRPS. We analyzed 3-T functional magnetic resonance images from 13 upper...
Article
Shortening of the interstimulus interval (ISI) generally leads to attenuation of cortical sensory responses. For proprioception, however, this ISI effect is still poorly known. Our aim was to characterize the ISI dependence of movement-evoked proprioceptive cortical responses and to find the optimum ISI for proprioceptive stimulation. We measured,...
Article
Background: While group-level functional alterations have been identified in many brain regions of psychotic patients, multivariate machine-learning methods provide a tool to test whether some of such alterations could be used to differentiate an individual patient. Earlier machine-learning studies have focused on data collected from chronic patie...
Preprint
Full-text available
Natural visual behaviour entails explorative eye movements, saccades, that bring different parts of a visual scene into the central vision. The neural processes guiding the selection of saccade targets are still largely unknown. Therefore, in this study, we tracked with magnetoencephalography (MEG) cortical dynamics of viewers who were freely explo...