Richard Ernest Tremblay

Richard Ernest Tremblay
University College Dublin | UCD · School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Population Science

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954
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Publications

Publications (954)
Article
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Background Adolescent alcohol use is the norm, but only some develop a substance use disorder. The increased risk might reflect heightened mesocorticolimbic responses to reward‐related cues but results published to date have been inconsistent. Methods Young social drinkers (age 18.5 ± 0.6 y.o.) who have been followed since birth were recruited fro...
Article
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Background/Objectives: Research on early risk factors for disruptive behaviors (DBs: hyperactivity–impulsivity/HI, non-compliance/NC, or physical aggression/PA) has predominantly focused on individual DBs in silos (i.e., HI, NC, or PA) or the broader category of externalizing, reporting mostly common risk factors among them. However, studies addres...
Article
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The aim of this exploratory study was to identify developmental patterns of adolescent concurrent alcohol, cannabis, and other illicit drug use and their preadolescent individual, familial, and social risk factors in a population-representative cohort from the province of Quebec, Canada (N = 1,593; 48.4% male). Age 12–17 years self-reports of alcoh...
Article
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Knowledge is lacking on whether adolescents’ motivations for social media use predict internalizing symptoms, and few studies have considered the moderating role of extraversion. In 2017 (T1) and 2018 (T2), 197 adolescents (49.70% girls, Mage = 13.15, SD = 0.36) from a large metropolitan area participated in this study. Adolescents reported on thei...
Article
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Young people are worried about climate change but the association with current and past mental health symptoms is rarely examined in longitudinal population-based samples. Drawing on a population-based birth cohort from the Canadian province of Quebec (n = 1325), this study used a cross-over design to (1) test the association between climate change...
Article
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Early risk factors for gambling participation (GP) and substance use (SU) in adolescents have usually been studied separately, although these disorders were integrated into the same clinical category over a decade ago. This exploratory study aimed to investigate the early individual, parental, familial and social risk factors associated with develo...
Article
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Youth with psychopathic traits are at risk of engaging in physical aggression and being exposed to victimization from peers, which, in turn, is associated with symptoms of depression. The mechanisms underlying the associations between psychopathic traits, peer victimization, and subsequent depression symptoms remain unclear. Using data from the Que...
Article
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The present study investigated whether distinct developmental patterns of externalizing behaviors (EBs: hyperactivity–impulsivity, noncompliance, physical aggression) based on parent reports were repeatedly and differentially associated with separate dimensions of internalizing problems such as general anxiety, separation anxiety, and depressive sy...
Article
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The developmental association between disruptive behaviors (DBs: hyperactivity-impulsivity, non-compliance, physical aggression) and internalizing problems in early childhood is not well understood and has generated competing hypotheses and mixed results. Using a person-centered strategy, the present study aimed to examine concurrent trajectories o...
Article
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Background The objectives of this study were to (a) assess the associations between early behavioral problems and intergenerational income mobility (i.e., the degree to which income status is transmitted from one generation to the next), (b) verify whether these associations are moderated by child sex, and (c) explore indirect effects of early beha...
Article
Study Objective To investigate whether childhood sleep trajectories are associated with mental health symptoms such as social phobia, generalized anxiety, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct problems, and opposition at age 15. Methods A total of 2120 children took part in the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Deve...
Article
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To determine the validity of parent reports (PRs) of ADHD in preschoolers, we assessed hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) and inattention (IN) in 1114 twins with PRs at 1.5, 2.5, 4, 5, 14, 15, and 17 years, and teacher-reports at 6, 7, 9, 10, and 12. We examined if preschool PRs (1) predict high HI/IN trajectories, and (2) capture genetic contributions...
Article
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Adverse environments are linked to elevated youth antisocial behavior. However, this relation is thought to depend, in part, on genetic susceptibility. The present study investigated whether polygenic risk for antisociality moderates relations between hostile environments and stable as well as dynamic antisocial behaviors across adolescence. We der...
Article
Objective: Emerging adulthood (18-25 years) is associated with peak prevalence of cannabis use. While population-based longitudinal studies have found little change in cannabis use among emerging adults during COVID-19, research examining changes among vulnerable subgroups is lacking. The present study examined the association between emotion dysr...
Article
We investigated whether child temperament (negative emotionality, 5 months) moderated the association between maternal stimulation (5 months–2½ years) and academic readiness and achievement (vocabulary, mathematics, and reading). We applied structural equation modeling to the data from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development ( N = 1121–1...
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Background Cross-sectional studies have shown that hyperactivity and impaired executive functioning are associated with symptoms of eating disorders in adolescence and adulthood. Whether hyperactivity and executive functions in early life can prospectively predict the emergence of eating disorder symptoms in adolescence remains unknown. The present...
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Objective: To examine how food insecurity in childhood up to adolescence relates to eating habits and weight status in young adulthood. Design: A longitudinal study design was used to derive trajectories of household food insecurity from age 4.5 to 13 years. Multivariable linear and logistical regression analyses were performed to model associat...
Article
Although disturbing dreams are prevalent in youth and are associated with psychopathology, little is known about their developmental course and risk factors. We aimed to examine the association between early social environment and subsequent disturbing dream frequency across adolescence as moderated by early negative emotionality. Measures of child...
Article
This study examined (1) longitudinal invariance of executive function (EF) factors across early childhood, (2) EF development, and (3) its association with later cognitive functions and academic performance. We measured cognitive flexibility, working memory, inhibitory control, and complex EF in 465 children (72% white) at 3.5, 5, 6, and 7 years. C...
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Children exposed to family violence, such as child-directed and child-witnessed parental violence, tend to manifest higher levels of antisocial behaviors later in life. Genetically informed studies additionally show that antisocial behaviors are partly inherited. While there is a consensus about the polygenic nature of antisocial behavior, it remai...
Article
Childhood behavior problems are associated with reduced labor market participation and lower earnings in adulthood, but little is known about the pathways and mechanisms that explain these associations. Drawing on a 33-year prospective birth cohort of White males from low-income backgrounds (n = 1040), we conducted a path analysis linking participa...
Article
Studies examining the associations between adolescent social media use and depression/anxiety symptoms show inconsistent results and do not elucidate the direction of associations. Differences in how studies operationalize social media use and consider potential moderating effects of sex and extraversion could contribute to inconsistencies. A disti...
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Eating disorders have early origins, and there could be a continuum between childhood eating behaviors, such as overeating, and long-term disordered eating, but this remains to be shown. BMI, desire for thinness and peer victimization could influence this continuum, but their interactions are unknown. To fill this gap, the study used data from the...
Article
La présence de comportements extériorisés chez les jeunes enfants peut représenter un défi pour les parents à plusieurs égards, notamment dans le maintien d’un soutien affectif de qualité. Les comportements extériorisés étant hétérogènes dans leurs manifestations, leur interférence avec la qualité du soutien affectif maternel en contexte d’apprenti...
Article
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Both common pain and anxiety problems are widespread, debilitating and often begin in childhood-adolescence. Twin studies indicate that this co-occurrence is likely due to shared elements of risk, rather than reciprocal causation. A joint genome-wide investigation and pathway/network-based analysis of adolescent anxiety and pain problems can identi...
Article
Sleep plays a fundamental role in brain development and resultant functions. The aim was to verify whether nocturnal sleep duration during early childhood has long-term associations with academic achievement at age 10 years. The present study is part of the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development, a representative cohort of infants born in 1...
Article
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The intergenerational transmission of low educational attainment is well-documented, but little is known about how behavioral problems in childhood explain this association. Drawing upon a population-based cohort study (n = 3020) linked to administrative records, we investigated the extent to which inattentive, internalizing, externalizing, and pro...
Article
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Purpose: Inconsistent reports raise the question of the extent to which poor adult outcomes are associated with adolescent polysubstance use (PSU: alcohol, marijuana, other illicit drugs) above and beyond earlier risk factors. Methods: Early adulthood substance-related and psychosocial outcomes were examined in association with age 13 to 17 deve...
Article
Background: The effectiveness of early prevention programmes and their viability as a public policy option have increasingly caught the attention of scholars and policymakers. Given the implementation costs of such programmes, it is important to assess whether they achieved anticipated objectives and whether they made efficient use of taxpayer mon...
Article
Objective: To investigate prospective associations between type of child abuse (physical, sexual, both), timing (childhood, young adulthood, both), and welfare receipt into middle-age. Methods: Database linkage study using the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Kindergarten Children cohort born in 1980 and government administrative databases (N = 3020...
Article
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This study used symptom dimensions reflecting DSM-V internalizing, externalizing, eating disorders, and substance use (SU) and related problems to thoroughly investigate the structure of psychopathology in mid-adolescence (15 and 17 years, N = 1,515, 52% female). Compared to other hierarchical configurations (unidimensional, correlated factors, or...
Article
Introduction: Child sexual abuse remains a worldwide concern with devastating consequences on an individual's life. This longitudinal study investigates the associations between child sexual abuse (official reports versus retrospective self-reports) and subgroups by perpetrator identity (intrafamilial and extrafamilial), severity (penetration/atte...
Article
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Background: Research is yet to elucidate adolescent polysubstance use profiles among youth with early-onset cannabis use (CU; ≤15 years). The present study aimed to fill this gap in the literature and determine whether CU outcomes in early adulthood are best explained by early-onset CU per se, or by its resulting polysubstance use profiles. Methods...
Article
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Importance: Little is known about the long-term economic and social outcomes for children with longitudinally assessed comorbid externalizing and internalizing symptoms, especially compared with children with externalizing symptoms or internalizing symptoms only. Objective: To examine the association between childhood trajectories of externalizi...
Article
Research shows that sports participation in youth is associated with earnings in adulthood. However, studies have often relied on self-reported earnings and on single indicators of sports participation. Using large-scale data linked to administrative records, we investigate: (a) whether sports attitudes at age 13 are uniquely related to income at a...
Article
Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with increased mental health problems. We investigated (1) associations between disordered eating in adolescence and mental health problems after one year of the pandemic and (2) the mechanisms explaining associations. Method: We analyzed data from a population-based birth cohort in Quebec, C...
Article
Social wariness and preference for solitude, two dimensions of social withdrawal, show unique associations with various socioemotional difficulties in childhood, including internalizing and peer problems. However, their early childhood predictors remain vastly undocumented. The present study aimed to examine whether early indicators of reactivity i...
Article
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The present study documented in two distinct population-based samples the contribution of preschool fluid and crystallized cognitive abilities to school achievement in primary school and examined the mediating role of crystallized abilities in this sequence of predictive associations. In both samples, participants were assessed on the same cognitiv...
Article
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Background Eating behaviors may contribute to differences in body weight and diet over time. Our study aims to examine how eating behaviors of young adults relate to their current weight status and dietary patterns and to explore longitudinal associations with eating behaviors in early childhood. Methods Study participants are young adults (n = 69...
Article
This exploratory study investigated patterns of children's relative ranking of academic achievement in the classroom from grade 1 to grade 6 and their association with child, parental and socio-familial characteristics assessed 5 months after birth in a population birth-cohort (92% White of European ancestry, N = 1538, 48.1% boys). Using teacher ra...
Article
Despite the substantial heritability of antisocial behavior (ASB), specific genetic variants robustly associated with the trait have not been identified. The present study by the Broad Antisocial Behavior Consortium (BroadABC) meta-analyzed data from 28 discovery samples (N = 85,359) and five independent replication samples (N = 8058) with genotypi...
Article
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Background Peer victimisation has been associated with depressive symptoms during adolescence, however not all peer victimised adolescents will exhibit such symptoms. This study tested whether having a genetic predisposition to developing depression increased the risk of experiencing depressive symptoms in peer victimised youth. To date, no study h...
Article
Full-text available
Despite the substantial heritability of antisocial behavior (ASB), specific genetic variants robustly associated with the trait have not been identified. The present study by the Broad Antisocial Behavior Consortium (BroadABC) meta-analyzed data from 28 discovery samples (N = 85,359) and five independent replication samples (N = 8,058) with genotyp...
Article
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Introduction Externalising and internalising problems are common in school-aged children. Few studies have examined the association between comorbid externalising and internalising symptoms and adult-life economic participation. Objectives To investigate associations of childhood externalising, internalising, and comorbid internalising-externalisi...
Article
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Importance: Understanding the longitudinal, bidirectional associations between disturbed sleep and depression in childhood and adolescence is crucial for the development of prevention and intervention programs. Objective: To test for bidirectional associations and cascade processes between disturbed sleep and depressive symptoms covering both ch...
Article
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We assessed the psychometric properties of the Social Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ), a 30-item questionnaire evaluating social (e.g., disruptive behaviors, bullying) and emotional problems (e.g., anxiety, depression) among children aged 3.5–12 years. Children ( n = 1,950, 50.21% boys) were drawn from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Developmen...
Article
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A childhood intervention to improve the social skills and self-control of at-risk kindergarten boys in the 1980s had positive impacts over the life course: higher trust and self-control as adolescents; increased social group membership, education, and reduced criminality as young adults; and increased marriage and employment as adults. Using admini...
Article
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This study investigated the transactional relations between vocabulary and disruptive behaviors (DB; physical aggression and opposition/rule breaking/theft and vandalism), during the transition to formal schooling, using a community sample of 572 children. Cross-lagged panel model analyses were used to examine bidirectional relationships, comparing...
Article
Aims Internalizing symptoms are theorized to lead to substance use (SU) via a tendency to use substances to cope with or self-medicate negative feelings and emotions; however, empirically, this association is mixed, pointing to the existence of moderating factors. The present study aimed to examine how self-, teacher, and father-reported attention-...
Article
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Background Adolescence is a critical period for the development of eating disorders, but data is lacking on the heterogeneity of their evolution during that time-period. Group-based trajectories can be used to understand how eating disorders emerge and evolve over time. The aim of this study was to identify groups of individuals with distinct level...
Article
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This study aims to identify distinct trajectories of cannabis use during adolescence and examine whether Sociability (ability to relate to others) and Responsibility (ability to integrate a community setting) during childhood are associated with these trajectories, accounting for individual and familial confounders. Population-based cohort study (1...
Article
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Given the importance of writing for academic achievement, this study aimed to understand how early oral language contributes to later writing skills. The first objective was to determine if preschool language skills were associated with high school writing, and if so, whether they contributed directly or indirectly through school age language. The...
Article
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This study investigated adolescents’ single and co-occurring developmental patterns of gambling participation and substance use and their association with gambling and substance use-related issues at age 17, controlling for confounders. Multiple assessments from age 12 to 17 were conducted in a population-based cohort (N=1594, 51.2% boys). Latent g...
Article
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Objective: Prospective research is needed to better-understand changes in substance use from before to during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, among emerging adults (18–25 years), a high-risk group for substance use. Method:N = 1,096 (weighted sample N = 1,080; 54% female) participants enrolled in the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child...
Article
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We identified mental health outcomes associated with specific developmental trajectories of psychopathic traits across childhood and tested whether positive relationships with parents and teachers have compensatory or protective effects. Participants were 1401 children (52.82% girls) from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development with avai...
Article
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The comorbidity between physical and mental health conditions is challenging and frequently goes unrecognized in practice. Associations between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and physical conditions have been reported in youth. However, prior research failed to: (1) address the patterns of associations in early childhood, middle ch...
Article
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The present study investigated prenatal and early postnatal risk factors associated with developmental patterns of disruptive behaviors (DBs; e.g., hyperactivity-impulsivity, noncompliance, physical aggression) from ages 1.5 to 5 years in a population birth cohort (N = 2,057; 50.7% boys). Six high-trajectory classes obtained by latent growth modeli...
Preprint
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Importance: Individuals who have been sexually abused are at a greater risk for poor health, but associations with economic outcomes in mid-life have been overlooked. Objectives: We investigated associations between child sexual abuse (≤18 years) and economic outcomes at 33-37 years, while considering type of report (official/retrospective) and cha...
Chapter
Antisocial behavior (ASB) is an enduring social and health problem that includes a wide spectrum of distinct behaviors throughout development. However, there is much evidence of associations across behaviors and over time. Developmental models that addressed the causes of ASB appeared 150 years ago and alternately adopted genetic, evolutionist, bio...
Article
Adolescent pain is common and continues into adulthood, leading to negative long-term outcomes including substance-related morbidity: an empirical definition of its construct may inform the early detection of persistent pain trajectories. These secondary analyses of a classical twin study assessed whether: headaches, back pains, abdominal pain, che...
Article
Full-text available
Importance Household food insecurity has been associated with mental health problems in children independently of family income and other confounders. It is unclear whether food insecurity during childhood is also associated with mental health and functioning during adolescence. Objective To evaluate longitudinal trajectories of household food ins...
Preprint
Objectives were to examine whether 1) temperament and cortisol response in situations of unfamiliarity at 19 months predict social wariness and preference for solitude throughout childhood; 2) these predictive associations vary as a function of vagal regulation. Participants were 1199 children from the Quebec Newborn Twin Study, followed from 5 mon...
Article
Objective: Together with family factors, early care and education (ECE) services were shown to improve school readiness in kindergarten. However, it is not clear whether better school readiness at age 6 years translates into higher rates of high school graduation years later. Our objective was therefore to investigate the long-term associations be...
Article
Full-text available
Background Peer victimization is associated with a wide range of mental health problems in youth, yet few studies described its association with mental health comorbidities. Methods To test the association between peer victimization timing and intensity and mental health comorbidities, we used data from 1216 participants drawn from the Quebec Long...
Article
Plusieurs études montrent qu’avoir des amis délinquants peut être nuisible à la réussite scolaire. Or, l’homophilie, le principe selon lequel les individus forment des amitiés avec des pairs qui ont des caractéristiques communes, pourrait expliquer en partie l’affiliation à des pairs délinquants. De surcroît, si cette affiliation provient entre aut...
Preprint
Full-text available
Despite the substantial heritability of antisocial behavior (ASB), specific genetic variants robustly associated with the trait have not been identified. The present study by the Broad Antisocial Behavior Consortium (BroadABC) meta-analyzed data from 25 discovery samples (N=85,359) and five independent replication samples (N = 8,058) with genotypic...
Conference Paper
Affiliation with delinquent peers has been associated with negative outcomes in adolescents’ academic achievement. Homophilia, a process by which individuals create friendships with peers who share similar characteristics, could partly explain the affiliation with delinquent peers. Moreover, the association between academic achievement and affiliat...
Article
Commonly comorbid early onset psychiatric disorders might reflect the varying expression of overlapping risk factors. The mediating processes remain poorly understood, but three factors show some promise: adolescent externalizing traits, early life adversity, and midbrain dopamine autoreceptors. To investigate whether these features acquire greater...