Richard B. Searles

• Duke University

Differences in the vertical distribution of seaweed spores in a 20 m water column 30 km off the coast of North Carolina were documented. Spores were collected on plastic, and glass slides that were subsequently transferred to incubator cultures where germlings were grown and counted. Spores of green algae and bangiophycidean red algae were collecte...

ABSTRACTA new species of Dudresnaya is described from Puerto Rico and Georgia. Gametophytes have cylindrical axes, exserted apical cells, rectangular to hexagonal crystals in the axial cells, ellipsoidal outer assimilatory cells, spermatangial mother cells which are terminal or subterminal cells of the subdichotomously branched outer assimilatory b...

Seaweeds in the offshore waters of Isla Mujeres, in the western Caribbean Sea on the east coast of the Yucatán peninsula, were sampled using SCUBA. Three species of Cyanophyta, 90 Rhodophyta, 21 Ochrophyta and 41 Chlorophyta were identified. New records and earlier accounts of the shallow-water flora around the island indicate a rich flora of 400 t...

ABSTRACTA new species in the Liagoraceae (Nemaliales) having vegetative and male reproductive characteristics usually associated with the genus Helminthora is assigned to Helminthocladia (as Helminthocladia andersonii Searles & Lewis) on the basis of the shape of the conical carpogonial protoplast, three-celled carpogonial filament, development of...

Five Ceramiaceae (Rhodophyta) are reported from the offshore waters of the southeastern, warm temperate coast of the United States. These include two new monotypic genera, Calliclavula trifurcate Schneider in the Griffithsieae and Nwynea grandispora Searles in the Sphondylothamnieae, and three new species, Callithamniella silvae Searles, Ptilothamn...

Bibliographic revision of species from the Tribe Callithamnieae (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta) previously recorded from the Atlantic Mexico’ s shores was realized. We also checked herbarium’s specimens housed at different herbaria. In addition, some samples of Callithamnieae were carried out in twenty localities at the Atlantic coast of Mexico from 1983...

Bibliographic revision of species from the Tribe Callithamnieae (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta) previously recorded from the Atlantic Mexico's shores was realized. We also checked herbarium's specimens housed at different herbaria. In addition, some samples of Callithamnieae were carried out in twenty localities at the Atlantic coast of Mexico from 1983...

We report new records from the Mexican Caribbean of three species of Rhodophyta (including Crouania mayae sp. nov.), two species of Heterokontophyta, and two species of Chlorophyta; all are rare species in the Caribbean. The only previous Caribbean record of Rhodochaete pulchella is from Jamaica, and Naccaria antillana was known only from Jamaica a...

Red seaweeds were investigated, using SCUBA, from waters around the island of Cozumel off the east coast of the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico. One hundred and eighteen species of Rhodophyta were collected and identified. Forty-five of these are reported for the first time from Cozumel, and of these 11 are new records for Mexico. There was a distinct...

Three species of marine algae are reported from the Bermuda islands for the first time, Avrainvillea sylvearleae D. S. Littler et Littler, Discosporangium mesarthrocarpum (Menegh.) Hauck, and Peyssonnelia valentinii Yonesh. et Boudour. The presence of Avrainvillea sylvearleae in Bermuda prompted a taxonomic reinvestigation of North Carolina specime...

Waters off the island of Cozumel on the east coast of the Yucatán peninsula in Mexico were investigated using SCUBA. Species recorded here supplement earlier reports of seaweeds collected in shallow water from this Caribbean island. Twenty-three taxa of Phaeophyta and 72 Chlorophyta were collected. We record for the first time on Cozumel ten specie...

Eight additional species of marine algae are reported from Bermuda for the first time: Ulvella lens P. Crouan ct H. Crouan; three epiphytic species of Audouinella (A. daviesii (Dillwyn) Woelkerling, A. hormorhiza (Borgesen) Garbary, and A, hoytii (Collins) C.W. Schneider); Gloiocladia atlantica (Searles) R.E. Norris; Corallophila verongiae (D.L. Ba...

Seven species of marine algae in the Antithamnieae, (Antithamnion lherminieri, Antithamnion decipiens) and Dohrnielleae sensu Athanasiadis (Callithamniella tingitana, Dohrniella antillara, Antithamnionella breviramosa, Antithamnionella graeffei, and a new species, Antithamnionella bermudica) are reported from the Bermuda islands for the first time....

Polysiphonia breviarticulata, a species previously known only from the Adriatic, the Mediterranean, and the Canary Islands, is reported for the first time from the Western Atlantic in Dominica and North Carolina. In the latter region it has grown in bloom quantities as drifting, planktonic plants that are a nuisance on beaches and a serious impedim...

A new species of Cladophora is described for the warm temperate NW Atlantic coast: C. pseudobainesii from material collected on offshore 17 —38 m deep scattered reefs off the coast of Georgia, USA. This delicate, fastigiate new species is narrowly related to but easily distinguishable from two other Cladophora species from the same area belonging t...

Seaweeds were studied from Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary on the inner shelf and an area known as the "Snapper Banks' on the outer shelf. The seaweeds observed are seasonal; only a few plant persist through the winter. A gradual increase in number and size of plants and number of species was observed through June; by July-early August, when...

Two strikingly distinct morphologies are described for the common Caribbean alga Padina jamaicensis. These morphologies are characteristically found in different reef habitats, and represent phenotypic responses to different levels of herbivorous fish grazing. Experimental reduction of grazing intensity in a high-herbivory reef habitat resulted in...

Bermuda is the most isolated habitat for seaweeds in the western North Atlantic Ocean and is thus of particular interest to the study of seaweed biogeography and evolution. It is also the northernmost extension of the tropical Western Atlantic phytogeographic region of van den Hoek (1975). The Bermuda pedestal, a seamount rising 4000 meters above t...

The northern boundary of the warm temperate region of the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States is set at Cape Hatteras; the southern boundary lies at Cape Canaveral. There is some spillover of cool temperate species south of Cape Hatteras into North Carolina and spillover of warm temperate species south of Cape Canaveral toward Palm Beach. Eleme...

A new species of Gloioderma, G rubrisporum, is described from the offshore reefs of North Carolina It differs from the 16 previously described species in having terete branches throughout and radial branching The new taxon is the third species of Gloioderma described from North Carolina and the Atlantic Ocean

This study was undertaken to document temporal and spatial population variability in a seaweed-dominated, continental shelf community off North Carolina. Perennial, foliose seaweeds, particularly the dominant species, exhibited large seasonal and year-to-year population variability, with peak abundance during periods of warm water temperatures and...

The discovery of Codium fragile subsp. tomentosoides in the shallow sounds of North Carolina marks a 450 km southward extension of the range of this weedy alga which first appeared in the western Atlantic in 1957. Codium taylorii, a tropical western Atlantic species, is reported from 33 m deep water 60 km offshore from Cape Fear. Since this localit...

Dudresnaya georgiana sp. nov. is described from subtropical waters on the continental shelf off Georgia, U.S.A. The eleventh species currently recognized in the genus and fifth from the North Atlantic, it differs from other species in having many indeterminate axes which do not form clearly defined macroscopic branches. This results in a villose, t...

This study examines the role of seasonality and physical and biological disturbance on population recruitment, growth, and survival in a seaweed-dominated, continental shelf community off North Carolina. Field experiments indicated that seasonal differences in larval and spore recruitment, growth rates, and differing invasion abilities resulted in...

Collections made in southern Chile of the seaweed Chordaria linearis (J. D. Hooker et Harvey) Cotton suggest that it includes a diversity of different forms. These vary most strikingly with respect to branching patterns, the type of assimilatory filaments produced and the size of the unilocular sporangia. It appears that early development is charac...

Analysis of seaweed distributions in North Carolina waters indicates a basic difference between the shallow and deep water assemblages. The deep water flora is composed of 190 species, primarily taxa also occurring in the tropics and 110 of the deep water species do not have ranges which extend any further north. The shallow water flora also includ...

Four benthic algae are reported here for the first time in the North Carolina flora. The new brown algal genus and species, Onslowia endophytica Searles, is described as an endophyte of Halymenia floridana from the North Carolina continental shelf. New records of Boodleopsis pusilla and Naccaria corymbosa from North Carolina constitute range extens...

The unusual triphasic life history of the red algae is explained as an evolutionary compensation related to the lack of motility of gametes in the division and the presumed relatively infrequent occurrence of syngamy among their ancestors. The essential element of this life history is the retention, nurture, and replication of the zygote by the gam...

Algal biomass was determined seasonally by dredging and Scuba diving techniques. The study spanned 5 years and over 8000 km2 of the continental shelf off the Carolinas (U.S.A.). 410 dredgings were made; 229 contained seaweeds and of these, wet weight was determined for 151. Several sites were sampled repeatedly and characterized by dominant species...

Study of Lessonia in southern Chile and Argentina indicates that it is represented there by three species: L. nigrescens Bory, L. flavicans Bory and L. vadosa Searles sp. nov. Plants of these three species have been confused with each other in the literature, but appear clearly separable. Lessonia nigrescens is distinguished from the others by its...

The coastline of North Carolina occupies a biogeographically important sector of the Atlantic shore of the United States. The last comprehensive account of the seaweeds from this region is more than 50 years old. In the intervening years the number of reported taxa of Rhodophyceae, Xanthophyceae, Phaeophyceae, Prasinophyceae, and Chlorophyceae has...

Seven marine Rhodophyta are added to the flora of Onslow Bay, North Carolina, four of which were also dredged from Long Bay, South Carolina. Two new species in the Gigartinales are described, Hypnea volubilis Searles sp. nov. and Petroglossum undulatum Schneider sp. nov. The remaining five taxa are new records for the Carolinas, with two, Sarcodiot...

Twenty new records from North Carolina are reported including four species of green algae, two species of brown algae, and fourteen species of red algae. Nineteen of these collections constitute the northernmost records of these species, though most are found in the Bermudian flora. The other new record, that of Gigartina stellata (Stackhouse) Batt...

The morphology of Trematocarpus dichotomus Kutzing was studied and carpogonial filaments observed for the first time in this genus. A comparison of Trematocarpus Kutzing and Dicurella J. Agrardh indicates close parallels in reproductive morphology and a range of vegetative structure compatible within a genus. The species of Dicurella, which DeToni...

Bacteria isolated from uredospores of stem rust of wheat converted furfural to furoic acid. Uredospores treated with aqueous iodine to control the associated bacteria converted furfural to furfuryl alcohol, producing no detectable furoic acid. Cinnamaldehyde was converted to cinnamic acid by bacteria and to cinnamyl alcohol by uredospores. Cinnamal...

The following bacteria were identified in harvested uredospores: Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus polymyxa. Bacteria grown on uredospore extracts produced a volatile inhibitor of uredospore germination inhibitor apparently independent of bacterial action. Certain bacteria, especially Pseudomonas fluoresc...

The zonation of dominant organisms on the beach rock at Heron Island was reinvestigated following the work of Endean, Stephenson, and Kenny (1956) and three zoning algae were noticed. Field indications suggested the apparent sparsity of the biota was due to the browsing activities of fish. Fish-proof enclosures were constructed, some containing bro...