Richard E Olmstead

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Verified

Richard verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

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• PhD
• Senior Researcher at University of California, Los Angeles

Introduction Older adults with insomnia frequently report bothersome pain. Whether insomnia treatment reduces bodily pain in older adults without chronic pain conditions is not known. Objectives This randomized controlled trial aimed to determine whether treatment of insomnia disorder with cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), as comp...

Background Guided by the reserve capacity model, we evaluated the unique relationships between socioeconomic status (SES), reserve capacity (helplessness, self-efficacy, social support), and negative emotions on pain in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Methods The secondary analysis used baseline, cross-sectional data from 106 adults in a...

Background Sex differences in immune-based disorders are well-established, with female sex associated with a markedly heightened risk of autoimmune disease. Female sex is also overrepresented in other conditions associated with elevated inflammation, including depression, chronic pain, and chronic fatigue. The mechanisms underlying these disparitie...

Background Inflammation has been associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD). A novel method to characterize AUD‐related immune signaling involves probing Toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐4 stimulated monocyte production of intracellular cytokines (ICCs) via lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We evaluated relationships between AUD and ICC production at rest and afte...

Introduction Long sleep duration is associated with many health risks, particularly in older adults, but little is known about other characteristics associated with long sleep duration. Methods Across 5 sites, adults aged 60-80 years who reported sleeping 8-9 h (“long sleepers”, n = 95) or 6-7.25 h (“average sleepers”, n = 103) were assessed for tw...

Evidence of effective self-care strategies to support Home Care Aides' (HCAs) mental health is limited. This study compares the feasibility of implementing one of two non-clinical, evidence-based stress-reduction treatments: mindful awareness practices (MAPs) meditation versus Korean-style Tai Chi. Program effectiveness was assessed on a range of s...

Study objectives: Disturbances of sleep maintenance and sleep duration are common in older adults and associated with an increased risk for age-related mortality and morbidity. Converging evidence implicates inflammation as an underlying mechanism, especially in females. However, it is unknown what specific aspects of sleep disturbance impact infl...

Unlabelled: Chronic pain is prevalent in older adults. Treatment, especially with opioids, is often ineffective and poses considerable negative consequences in this population. To improve treatment, it is important to understand why older adults are at a heightened risk for developing chronic pain. Insomnia is a major modifiable risk factor for ch...

Background Guided by the reserve capacity model, we examined the roles of socioeconomic status (SES), reserve capacity, and negative emotions as determinants of pain in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Methods The study used cross-sectional baseline data from 106 adults in a clinical trial comparing behavioral treatments for RA. Structural...

BACKGROUND. Strong evidence exists supporting the protective effect of physical activity on the risk of developing breast cancer; however, its impact on survival after breast cancer diagnosis remains controversial with limited research in long-term survivors. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the association of physical activity and risk...

Late life insomnia may increase risk for accelerated biological aging. Intervening to treat insomnia may provide protection from biological aging by reducing the prevalence of senescent cells in the immune system, as indicated by gene expression of a marker of cellular senescence, p16INK4a. In the present study, we determine whether treatment of in...

Depression, one of the most common diseases in older adults, carries significant risk for morbidity and mortality. Because of the burgeoning population of older adults, the enormous burden of late-life depression, and the limited efficacy of current antidepressants in older adults, biologically plausible models that translate into selective depress...

This cohort study evaluates the association of physical activity with risk of all-cause mortality among active and moderately active breast cancer survivors.

Sleep loss heightens pain sensitivity, but the pathways underlying this association are not known. Given that experimental sleep disruption induces increases in cellular inflammation as well as selective loss of slow wave, N3 sleep, this study examined whether these mechanisms contribute to pain sensitivity following sleep loss in healthy adults. T...

Background: Failed management of unanticipated difficult airway situations contributes to significant anaesthesia-related morbidity and mortality. Optimization of design and layout of difficult airway trolleys (DATs) may influence outcomes during airway emergencies. The main objective of the current study was to evaluate whether a difficult airway...

Background Sleep disturbance, including poor subjective sleep quality and insomnia disorder, is common in older adults and associated with increases in age-related morbidity risk. Accumulating evidence implicates inflammation as an underlying mechanism. In two complementary studies, we examined whether sleep disturbance is associated with activatio...

Emerging evidence suggests that interleukin (IL)-8 has a protective role in the context of depression. Higher levels of IL-8 are associated with lower depressive symptom severity among depressed patients, and treatment-related increases in IL-8 correlate with a positive response in depressed patients. This study (a secondary analysis of a completed...

Physicians are experiencing epidemic levels of work-related stress and burnout. Determine efficacy of mindfulness meditation delivered as a hybrid (in-person and digital) format to reduce perceived stress in pediatric residents. Pediatric residents (n = 66) were block randomized to a hybrid Mindful Awareness Practices (MAPs) intervention, comprised...

Background In cancer patients, an interleukin (IL)-8 gene variant that leads to higher production of IL-8, is associated with lower risk of depressive symptoms. In non-cancer adults, higher levels of IL-8 correlate with lower severity of depressive symptoms, decreased risk of suicide; and improved treatment response in females, but not males. This...

Background Cancer treatments are thought to accelerate biological aging, although this trajectory is highly variable. Depression is more prevalent in breast cancer survivors and is thought to be a vulnerability factor for biological aging. A lifetime history of depression and cumulative lifetime number of depression episodes could hypothetically be...

Background Among the over 5 million informal caregivers for patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in the United States (US), over 60% experience insomnia. Research on insomnia treatment efficacy in AD caregivers is limited. An ongoing randomized non-inferiority clinical trial, the Caregiver Sleep Research study, is evaluating whether mindfulness m...

Background Depressive symptoms, such as depressed mood, are common in older adults and associated with an increased risk for morbidity and mortality. Given the evidence that sleep disturbance and alterations in interferon (IFN)- γ biology are associated with depression risk, this study examines the separate and joint contributions of poor sleep mai...

Importance Older adults with insomnia have a high risk of incident and recurrent depression. Depression prevention is urgently needed, and such efforts have been neglected for older adults. Objective To examine whether treatment of insomnia disorder with cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) compared with an active comparator condition...

Introduction In cross-sectional studies of depressed patients, relationships between depression and levels of IL-8 are inconsistent, and have not been examined in relation to sex. Given identified sex differences in longitudinal data, it is important to evaluate sex-specific cross-sectional relationships between IL-8 and depressive symptoms, which...

Inflammation plays a role in depression pathophysiology and treatment response, with effects varying by sex and therapeutic modality. Lower levels of interleukin(IL)-8 predict depression response to antidepressant medication and to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), although ECT effects are specific to females. Whether IL-8 predicts depression respon...

Aim Produce empirical support for further enhancements to a therapy selection protocol for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients intolerant of positive airway pressure. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted in 101 men and 69 women patients. Two-night home sleep apnea studies were conducted at baseline and with a trial oral appliance. Twe...

Background: Nearly 40% of breast cancer survivors have insomnia, yet, information how this condition affects their quality of life is lacking. We examined the association between insomnia and depressive symptoms and fatigue in breast cancer survivors. Methods: Participants were recruited from a community health plan. We conducted a cross-sectional...

Insomnia is a well-established risk factor for late-life depression, yet the intermediary mechanisms are not known. One plausible mechanism is dysregulation of the reward system, a common feature of depression. The main objective of the current study was to determine whether late-life insomnia is associated with reduced motivation and reduced sensi...

Background Facial emotion perception (FEP) is pivotal for discriminating salient emotional information. Accumulating data indicate that FEP responses, particularly to sad emotional stimuli, are impaired in depression. This study tests whether sleep disturbance and inflammation, two risk factors for depression, contribute to impaired FEP to sad emot...

Females suffer from depression at twice the rate of males and have differential neural and emotional responses to inflammation. However, sex-specific evaluation of relationships between inflammation and response to depression treatments are lacking. Some data suggest that interleukin(IL)-8 predicts treatment response to antidepressants and shows a...

Generativity, or concern for and contribution to the well-being of younger generations, plays an important role in successful aging. The purpose of this study was to develop a novel, writing-based intervention to increase feelings of generativity and test the effect of this intervention on well-being and inflammation in a sample of older women. Par...

Objective: Circulating cytokines have been associated with depression, but their detection has limitations, which may be overcome by direct detection of intracellular cytokines (ICCs) after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in vitro. This study compared circulating versus LPS-induced inflammatory markers as correlates of subthreshold depressive...

Objective Latino immigrants experience acculturative stress and increased depression risk. Mindfulness meditation improves depressive symptoms, yet the vast majority of research has focused on English speaking populations. Methods In this randomized clinical trial with 2 parallel treatment groups, adults with moderate levels of perceived stress (n...

Inflammation has an important physiological influence on mood and behavior. Kynurenine metabolism is hypothesized to be a pathway linking inflammation and depressed mood, in part through the impact of kynurenine metabolites on glutamate neurotransmission in the central nervous system. This study evaluated whether the circulating concentrations of k...

Systemic inflammation is associated with increasing age. Yet, there are limited data about the association between age and systemic inflammation within older adults, and whether older age is also associated with cellular and nuclear signaling markers of inflammation. In community-dwelling older adults (N=262, 60–88 years), systemic levels of C-reac...

Study Objectives Sleep disturbances and sleep apnea are associated with increased vulnerability to age-related disease, altering molecular pathways affecting biological aging. Telomere length captures one component of biological aging. We evaluated whether objectively assessed sleep and sleep apnea relate to leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in the M...

Background Sleep disturbance, as well as inflammation predict depression risk, which may be due to effects of sleep loss and/or inflammation on affect regulation. We hypothesized that partial sleep deprivation (PSD) would impair emotion recognition in older adults, and that elevated levels of inflammation would be associated with such changes in af...

Activation of the innate immune system is thought to contribute to depression. Multiple social and behavioral factors are also known to instigate depression. Whether these socio-behavioral factors interact with inflammatory stimuli to alter proinflammatory responses and depressed mood is not known. In 115 healthy adults, social, emotional, and beha...

Objective: Older adults are at higher risk of experiencing social isolation, which has been linked to impaired physical and mental health. The link between social isolation and health might be due to objective deprivation of social network and/or subjective experience of loneliness. This community-based cross-sectional study examined whether the as...

Objective: Sleep disturbance is a known risk factor for depression, but it is not known whether sleep disturbance contributes to greater risk of depression in those infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV+) as compared to those uninfected with HIV (HIV-). Methods: Using data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, a population-based pros...

Objective: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most robust acute treatment for severe major depressive disorder, yet clinical response is variable. Inflammation is associated with depression, especially in women, and levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6 predict response to antidepressant medications. This study evaluated wh...

The aim of this analysis was to test if changes in insomnia symptoms and global sleep quality are associated with coinciding changes in depressed mood among older adults. We report on results yielded from secondary analysis of longitudinal data from a clinical trial of older adults (N = 49) aged 55 to 80 years who reported at least moderate levels...

Purpose Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) and Tai Chi Chih (TCC), a movement meditation, improve insomnia symptoms. Here, we evaluated whether TCC is noninferior to CBT-I for the treatment of insomnia in survivors of breast cancer. Patients and Methods This was a randomized, partially blinded, noninferiority trial that involved sur...

Purpose: Neurectomy of the inguinal nerves may be considered for selected refractory cases of chronic postherniorrhaphy inguinal pain (CPIP). There is to date a paucity of easily applicable clinical tools to identify neuropathic pain and examine the neurosensory effects of remedial surgery. The present quantitative sensory testing (QST) pilot stud...

Introduction Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) leads to a range of biopsychosocial health outcomes through an unpredictable and complex disease path. The LupusPRO is a comprehensive, self-report measure developed specifically for populations with SLE, which assesses both health-related quality of life and non-health related quality of life. Given...

Objective: This study examined the reciprocal associations between sleep macrostructure and levels of cellular inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and controls. Methods: RA patients (n = 24) and matched controls (n = 48) underwent all-night polysomnography, along with assessment of spontaneous- and Toll-like receptor-4-stimulated...

Sleep disturbance and depression are common, particularly in females, and sleep disturbance is a well-known risk factor for depression. Systemic inflammation has been suggested as a potential mechanism of this association. This study examined whether preexisting sleep disturbance acted as a vulnerability factor for depressed mood induced by an infl...

Background and aims: Sleep disturbance is a prominent complaint in cocaine and alcohol dependence. This controlled study evaluated differences of polysomnographic (PSG) sleep in cocaine dependent and alcohol dependent subjects, and examined whether substance dependence interacts with age to alter slow wave sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep....

Study objectives: Insomnia, particularly in later life, may raise the risk for chronic diseases of aging and mortality through its effect on cellular aging. The current study examines the effects of insomnia on telomere length, a measure of cellular aging, and tests whether insomnia interacts with chronological age to increase cellular aging. Met...

Sleep disturbance and depression are common, particularly in females, and sleep disturbance is a well-known risk factor for depression. Systemic inflammation has been suggested as a potential mechanism of this association. This study examined whether preexisting sleep disturbance acted as a vulnerability factor for depressed mood induced by an infl...

Sleep disturbance is associated with inflammatory disease risk and all-cause mortality. Here, we assess global evidence linking sleep disturbance, sleep duration, and inflammation in adult humans. A systematic search of English language publications was performed, with inclusion of primary research articles that characterized sleep disturbance and/...

For the full article, go to: http://authors.elsevier.com/a/1QhT115hUd6NOW

Sleep disturbances are most prevalent among older adults and often go untreated. Treatment options for sleep disturbances remain limited, and there is a need for community-accessible programs that can improve sleep. To determine the efficacy of a mind-body medicine intervention, called mindfulness meditation, to promote sleep quality in older adult...

Substantial evidence demonstrates that inflammatory processes may underlie depression for a subset of patients, including work showing that healthy subjects exposed to an inflammatory challenge show increases in depressed mood and feelings of social disconnection. However, despite the fact that depression is twice as likely to occur in females than...

Mind-body therapies such as Tai Chi are widely used by breast cancer survivors, yet effects on inflammation are not known. This study hypothesized that Tai Chi Chih (TCC) would reduce systemic, cellular, and genomic markers of inflammation as compared with cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I). In this randomized trial for the treatment...

Objectives: Sleep disturbance and aging are associated with increases in inflammation, as well as increased risk of infectious disease. However, there is limited understanding of the role of sleep loss on age-related differences in immune responses. This study examines the effects of sleep deprivation on toll-like receptor activation of monocytic...

Sleep disturbance and short sleep duration are associated with inflammation and related disorders including cardiovascular disease, arthritis, diabetes mellitus, and certain cancers. This study was undertaken to test the effects of experimental sleep loss on spontaneous cellular inflammation and activation of signal transducer and activator of tran...

Study objectives: To investigate the comparative efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), Tai Chi Chih (TCC), and sleep seminar education control (SS) on the primary outcome of insomnia diagnosis, and secondary outcomes of sleep quality, fatigue, depressive symptoms, and inflammation in older adults with insomnia. Design: Randomized contr...

To determine whether multiplex immunoassays yield results that are comparable to those obtained with traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), cytokine concentrations were determined in 53 EDTA plasma samples from 7 college-age healthy individuals (3 female) undergoing experimental placebo (n = 4) or endotoxin (n = 3) exposure; 6–8 b...

The objective of this study was to examine the associations between the temporal and severity characteristics of sleep disturbance and subsequent depression in community-dwelling older adults. A prospective cohort study with assessment of sleep disturbance and depression at baseline and across 2 years of follow-up. Three urban communities in the Un...

Background: The Depression Substudy of the Shingles Prevention Study (SPS) was designed to evaluate the association between major depression and immune responses to a high-titer live attenuated varicella zoster virus (VZV) vaccine (zoster vaccine), which boosts cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to VZV and decreases the incidence and severity of herpes...

The inflammatory responses generated by partial sleep deprivation may have important health implications. Using 25 healthy adults (17F:8M), we examined both stimulated and unstimulated levels of several activated transcription factors involved in inflammatory responses (STAT1, STAT3, STAT5, and NFκB) via flow cytometry in peripheral blood subsets c...

Social isolation is a psychosocial risk factor for age-related disease morbidity and mortality, with inflammation being a mediator in this relationship. It has also been related to a reduction in anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid-induced genes and an increased expression of pro-inflammatory molecules such as NF-κB. These previous findings also indic...

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the factor structure of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The sample included 107 patients with RA, 88 females and seven males, with an average age of 56.09 years, recruited from the greater Southern California area. Confirmatory factor analysis evaluated single, two...

Diagnosis of insomnia disorder by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-IV, and as proposed by the DSM-V, includes criteria for impairment in occupational- or social functioning due to sleep complaints. This study evaluated the clinical and polysomnographic correlates of impairment in daytime functioning in older adults with insomnia. In olde...

To evaluate a multidimensional model testing disease activity, mood disturbance, and poor sleep quality as determinants of fatigue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The data of 106 participants were drawn from baseline of a randomized comparative efficacy trial of psychosocial interventions for RA. Sets of reliable and valid measures were...

Over two-thirds of the 11.4 million cancer survivors in the United States can expect long-term survival, with many others living with cancer as a chronic disease controlled by ongoing therapy. However, behavioral co-morbidities often arise during treatment and persist long-term to complicate survival and reduce quality of life. In this review, the...

Disturbances of sleep are hypothesized to contribute to pain. However, experimental data are limited to healthy pain-free individuals. This study evaluated the effect of sleep loss during part of the night on daytime mood symptoms and pain perceptions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in comparison with control subjects. A between-groups labora...

Cancer-related fatigue afflicts up to 33% of breast cancer survivors, yet there are no empirically validated treatments for this symptom. The authors conducted a 2-group randomized controlled trial to determine the feasibility and efficacy of an Iyengar yoga intervention for breast cancer survivors with persistent post-treatment fatigue. Participan...

The objective of this article is to assess the contribution of disease activity, pain, and psychological factors to self-reported sleep disturbance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to evaluate whether depression mediates the effects of pain on sleep disturbance. The sample included 106 patients with confirmed RA who participated in a...

To evaluate the effects of a behavioral intervention, Tai Chi Chih (TCC) on circulating markers of inflammation in older adults. A prospective, randomized, controlled trial with allocation to two arms, TCC and health education (HE), 16 weeks of intervention administration, and 9 weeks follow-up. A total of 83 healthy older adults, aged 59 to 86 yea...

Although grief has been described primarily as a psychological phenomenon, empirical evidence reveals that grief also has physiological correlates that have consequences for health. The present study investigates the diurnal cortisol production patterns in women who have been bereaved in the past 18 months. Specifically, the study compares women wi...

Previous electroencephalography (EEG)-based fatigue-related research primarily focused on the association between concurrent cognitive performance and time-locked physiology. The goal of this study was to investigate the capability of EEG to assess the impact of fatigue on both present and future cognitive performance during a 20-min sustained atte...

To examine the relationships between physical, psychological, and social factors and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and disability in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A sample of 106 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) completed measures of self-reported disease activity and psychosocial functioning, including coping, personal mastery, social...