Richard Lorenz

• PhD
• AHO Baden-Württemberg

SPME analysis of the scent of Epipactis microphylla showed the presence of limonene as the main component of the scent. Other components were 2,4,4,6,6,8,8-heptamethyl-1-nonene, pentadecane, and heptadecane. The scent of Epipactis palustris was characterized by pentadecane, 2,4,4,6,6,8,8-heptamethyl-1-nonene, and heptadecane. The scent of Neottia n...

Citation: D'Auria, M.; Lorenz, R.; Mecca, M.; Racioppi, R.; Romano, V.A. Composition of the Scent in Some Ophrys Orchids Growing in Basilicata (Southern Italy): A Solid-Phase Microextraction Study Coupled with Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry. Compounds 2023, 3, 573-583. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/compounds3040041 Academic Editor: Pawel Pohl...

SPME analysis of the scent Ophrys orchids gave the following results: O. apifera: benzyl benzoate, -copaene, caryophyllene, and cyclosativene. O. crabronifera subsp. biscutella: pentadecene, pentadecane, heptadecane, nonadecane, and heinecosane. O. bertolonii subsp. bertolonii: pentadecane, heptadecane and nonadecane. O. passionis subsp. garganica...

Heggelund, I., Johnsen, O., Skrede, S., Hedrén, M., Giorgi, T., Romolini, R. & R. Lorenz (2023): Findings of the hybrid Coeloglossum viride × Dactylorhiza maculata s.l. in North Norway and Central Italy.- J. Eur. Orch. 55 (1): 57-86. New discoveries of the hybrid Coeloglossum viride × Dactylorhiza maculata s.l. in Troms, northern Norway and Abruzz...

The scent of Anacamptis species has been analyzed by using HS-SPME-GC-MS. The sample was collected in Basilicata (Southern Italy). Every species showed a different composition of the scent in the analyses we performed. 1,2,4-Trimethoxybenzene and methyl 4-mehoxybenzoate were the main components of that of Anacamptis coriophora subsp. fragrans. The...

We are happy to announce the publication of the newly discovered Nigritella nigra subsp. bucegiana, in Bucegi Natural Park, Romania.

Dark-coloured, apomictic and polyploid members of the Nigritella nigra s.l. complex are distributed over major European mountain regions. Here, we analysed the differentiation between regional populations in molecular markers and morphology. Based on nuclear SSR marker data, populations from the Pyrenees were closely similar to those in the Western...

HS-SPME-GC–MS analysis of the scent of Dactylorhiza viridis revealed the presence of ver�benone (28.86%), caryophyllene (25.67%), β-terpineol (9.48%), and δ-cadinene (6.94%). In the scent of Dactylorhiza romana β-ocimene (18.69%), pentadecane (18.40%), α-farnesene (14.65%), and isopropyl 14-methylpentadecanoate (14.32%) were found. Dactylorhiza inc...

HS-SPME-GC–MS analysis of the scent of Dactylorhiza viridis revealed the presence of verbenone (28.86%), caryophyllene (25.67%), β-terpineol (9.48%), and δ-cadinene (6.94%). In the scent of Dactylorhiza romana β-ocimene (18.69%), pentadecane (18.40%), α-farnesene (14.65%), and isopropyl 14-methylpentadecanoate (14.32%) were found. Dactylorhiza inca...

This study on Barlia robertiana aims to: (1) assess whether scent is variable between populations; (2) evaluate whether scent composition may be related to geographical variables; (3) assess whether there are VOC differences during the flowering phase; and (4) assess whether there are yearly VOC variabilities. SPME sampling was used. Fourteen plant...

Citation: Mecca, M.; Racioppi, R.; Romano, V.A.; Viggiani, L.; Lorenz, R.; D'Auria, M. The Scent of Himantoglossum Species Found in Basilicata (Southern Italy). Compounds 2021, 1, 164-173. https://doi. Abstract: The SPME (Solid Phase Microextraction) analysis of the scent of H. hircinum showed the presence of elemicin in the presence of a relevant...

New finding reports that have been received from various finders within the project to investigate Butterfly Orchids in Baden-Württemberg and neighbouring regions are compiled and documented with photos. Findings of Platanthera bifolia published in literature, which can be classified as intermediate plants on the basis of accompanying photos, are a...

This study is part of a project devoted to determining the scent of all the orchid species present in Basilicata. All the analyses were performed by using the solid-phase microextraction technique coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The scent of eight species belonging to the Orchis genus was investigated. In the case of O. anthropop...

Über die Bedrohung der Farbmorphen von Nigritella rhellicani am Puflatsch (Seiseralm, Südtirol) durch Überweidung und Überdüngung ist 2020 bereits berichtet worden. Neu bekannt geworden sind Planungen zur Errichtung eines Speicherbeckens für Kunstschneeerzeugung. Die Umsetzung würde die Puflatsch-Brunellen massiv gefährden. Bei der UVP müssten Argu...

Lorenz, R., Hedrén, M., Kellenberger, R.T., Madl, J. & P.M. Schlüter (2020): The colourful Brunelles from Puflatsch in South Tyrol - an endangered natural wonder.- J. Eur. Orch. 52 (2-4): 249-278. The Nigritella rhellicani-population on the Puflatsch (Seiser Alm, South Tyrol) is characterized by an extraordinary variance in flower colour from black...

The scent of Neotinea species has been performed by using solid-phase microextraction– gas chromatography– mass spectrometry (SPME–GC–MS). The scent of Neotinea ustulata showed the presence of 9-tricosene, 1-nonadecanol and heinecosane. The analysis of the scent of Neotinea tridentata gave α-ionone as the main component. The scent of Neotinea lacte...

The SPME-GC-MS analysis of the aroma components of Cephalanthera damasonium, Cephalanthera rubra, and Cephalanthera longifolia were reported. The main components found in C. damasonium were pentadecane, hexadecane, hepta-decane and a-farnesene. The same compounds were found in the scent of C. rubra. Although C. damasonium and C. rubra have differen...

The SPME-GC-MS analysis of the aroma components of Gymnadenia conopsea subsp. conopsea, subsp. densiflora, var. alpina and Gymnadenia odoratissima var. odoratissima, var. idae were reported. The main components of in total 78 found in G. conopsea subsp. conopsea were elemicin, cis-9-hexadecenal, hexadecanal, isoelemicin and (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol ac...

Platanthera bifolia subsp. osca sample collected at Grisolia showed as main components linalool (17.8%), benzyl benzoate (55.8%), and benzyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (6.7%). Four samples of P. bifolia subsp. osca were collected at Pignola: the main components of the aroma are lilac derivatives (49.02–79.00%), mainly lilac alcohols B (7.41–13.52%), C (10.1...

The SPME-GC-MS analysis of the aroma components of Serapias cordigera, Serapias cordigera subsp. lucana, Serapias vomeracea, Serapias lingua, and Serapias parviflora were reported. The relevant components of the scent of Serapias cordigera were α-amorphene, ethyl oleate, heneicosane, heptadecane, 2-heptadecanone, ethyl elaidate, pentadecane, octade...

Recent molecular-phylogenetic and morphometric investigations of British-Hungarian study-groups on southeast-European-Balcanic entities of Himantoglossum showed, that these can be grouped under H. calcaratum as two subspecies, the first as nominate taxon subsp. calcaratum with a restricted distribution area, the second with large distribution from...

In this contribution, new data concerning the distribution of native vascular flora in Italy are presented. It includes new records, confirmations, exclusions, and status changes to the Italian administrative regions for taxa in the genera Ajuga , Chamaemelum , Clematis , Convolvulus , Cytisus , Deschampsia , Eleocharis , Epipactis , Euphorbia , Gr...

The orchid genus Nigritella is closely related to Gymnadenia and has from time to time been merged with the latter. Although Nigritella is morphologically distinct, it has been suggested that the separating characters are easily modifiable and subject to rapid evolutionary change. So far, molecular phylogenetic studies have either given support for...

The census of the orchids of Baden-Württemberg from 1969 till 2018, including historical findings, revealed, that for all 1164 basic area units (MTB/Q) of about 6,1 km × 5,5 km findings are available. Based on these data analyzes of distribution patterns, frequency per area unit and development of the single orchid taxa since mid of 19th century ar...

The SPME-GC-MS analysis of the aroma components of Cephalanthera damasonium, Cephalanthera rubra, and Cephalanthera longifolia were reported. The main components found in C. damasonium were pentadecane, hexadecane, heptadecane and α-farnesene. The same compounds were found in the scent of C. rubra. Although C. damasonium and C. rubra have different...

Orchids have minute, air-filled seeds and are considered to be efficient dispersers and colonizers. However, empirical studies show that most seeds fall within a metre of the mother plant in orchids, and that individuals standing close to each other are often closely related. A poor contribution to gene dispersal by seeds may be compensated for by...

Platanthera bifolia subsp. osca sample collected at Grisolia showed as main components linalool (17.8%), benzyl benzoate (55.8%), and benzyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (6.7%). Four samples of P. bifolia subsp. osca were collected at Pignola: the main components of the aroma are lilac derivatives (49.02–79.00%), mainly lilac alcohols B (7.41–13.52%), C (10.1...

Findings of Corallorhiza trifida at exceptional altitudes of 2400 to 2590 m a.s.l. in the Central Alps (South Tyrol, North Tyrol, Grisons) are reported. Ecology and phytosociology are described roughly in order to compare the sites with known requirements of the heteromycotrophic species from its typical forest habitats. On two sites several Salix-...

Serapias species from SW Iberian Peninsula were studied chorologically

Despite morphological divergence, the two orchid genera Gymnadenia and Nigritella are closely related and hybrids are often encountered at places where members of the two genera grow together. On basis of pollination studies, it has been suggested that members of Nigritella should have served as pollen parent to these hybrids. Hybridization does no...

Members of the orchid genus Nigritella are widespread in European mountains, but species circumscriptions and evolutionary patterns in the genus are subjects to conflicting opinions. We analyzed a representative material of Nigritella for differentiation at nuclear and plastid marker loci. In agreement with predictions from embryological studies, d...

In the view of recent climatic developments, the knowledge of the vertical distribution of plants, characteristic for their ecological-biological properties, is becoming increasingly important especially for mountainous regions. Within regional mapping projects in South Tyrol and Wallis several findings of Nigritella rhellicani have been made above...

SPME-GC-MS analysis of the scent of Platanthera bifolia subsp. osca collected during the night showed as main components lilac alcohols B, C and D and lilac aldehydes A, B and C. Other significant chemical components were linalool and caryophyllene. Some differences were found in comparison with previously reported analyses of the scent of P. bifol...

Comprehensive biometric data on the morphology of the representatives of the genus Platanthera in Italy considering 8 vegetative, 14 floral and 15 reproductive traits are provided. For comparison additional data taken of P. kuenkelei subsp. atropatanica from Georgia have been included. All data have been evaluated and analysed by standard statistic...

In Sardinia, where Serapias lingua and S. parviflora are widely distributed, numerous hybridogenic plants of the two species frequently can be observed, either when both species occur together, often however in the presence of only S. lingua or sometimes also staying alone. These hybridogenic plants morphologically show as well intermediate charact...

Rich groups of plants closely related to Serapias cordigera were observed in Basilicata (South Italy) on three submontaineous sites with extensively grazed, orchid rich poor grassland, in total distant about 30 km, which differ from the nominate form by higher growth, elongated inflorescence, a narrower epichile and a lesser contrast between lip an...

Orchids as indicator species are adapted to abiotic factors of habitat and have symbiotic relation with soil mycorrhizal fungi and pollination mechanisms by insects. Sky exposition is lower in degraded forest as high trees are replaced by small trees and shrubs with many twigs covering underground. Intensive cut down changes forest for shibliak con...

Changes of rules of ICBN now ICN usually are intended to favour stability of botanical nomenclature. This is the case e.g. with improved wording of regulations governing combinations of older names and of requirements on indirect references as with Ophrys arachnites Mill., which confirmed ist formerly proposed synonymy with Ophrys sphegodes Mill. a...

A new hybrid between Gymnadenia odoratissima and Pseudorchis albida subsp. tricuspis is described from the Dolomites (Northern-Italy). It has been observed among the parents in the Pale di San Martino and in Dolomiti di Brenta, but its presence in Italy and in Trentino was signalled the first time in the year 2005 on Mount Tombea. A specimen, colle...

Results of extensive biometric investigations in the eastern alpine group of Nigritella miniata s.l. as well as of hybridogenic taxa of Gymnigritella to clarify their taxonomic status are presented in comparison to N. nigra s.l. and N. rhellicani. For this purpose samples of type populations of N. nigra subsp. austriaca, N. archiducis-joannis, N. b...

Detailed morphological investigations of a Platanthera-species, recently reported as new for Sardinia and the second on this island after P. algeriensis, have been carried out in comparison to central, northwest and north European P. bifolia s.l., Caucasian subsp. atropatanica and central European P. chlorantha. The results confirm its affinity to...

The first finding in Italy of Nigritella nigra subsp. lithopolitanica on the Julian Alps (Montasio, Udine, Friuli - Venezia Giulia) is here reported.

Results of field work directed to mapping Epipactis-entities in alluvial forest relicts and beech forests in South Tyrol are reported. Along the Etsch river between Plaus and Auer E. bugacensis has been detected and confirmed at six new sites. Historical reports of Hausmann about an alluvial forest Helleborine entity sub E. viridiflora near Bozen a...

In South Tyrol up to now four orchid species listed in the annex II and IV of the Council Directive 92/43/EEC have been confirmed: Cypripedium calceolus, Himantoglossum adriaticum, Liparis loeselii and Spiranthes aestivalis. To promote conservation measures according to the habitat-directive, data on their morphology, distribution, population size,...

Sul versante nordovest dell’Etna è nota da cica 20 anni una consistente popolazione di un’entità ascrivibile all’aggregato Ophrys sphegodes s.l., ma distinta dalla specie tipica per un labello da espanso tondeggiante a fortememnte convesso e una macula ampia e spesso riccamente ornata. Classificata dapprima come O. exaltata, differisce da quest’ult...

Viene presentato uno studio finalizzato al censimento ed alla cartografia delle Orchidaceae della R.N.O. “Oasi Faunistica di Vendicari” (SR) situata nella Sicilia sud-orientale. Lo studio, effettuato nei diversi periodi dell’anno in tutti gli ambienti della riserva, ha portato al censimento di 23 entità (tra specie e sottospecie) appartenenti a qua...

The finding of Ophrys holosericea subsp. untchjii, new for Italy, is reported for Friuli Venetia Julia and Trentino/Southtyrol. The Friulian population has been compared biometrically with related taxa of Northern Italy as well as with O. holosericea subsp. holosericea from SW-Germany, subsp. tetraloniae from Istria, subsp. gracilis from Abruzzo an...

Due popolazioni di Serapias, studiate da oltre 10-15 anni, composte rispettivamente da circa 100 e 20/30 individui, di probabile origine ibrida (la prima tra S. lingua e Serapias sp., la seconda tra S. lingua e S. vomeracea), possono essere considerate, per la loro marcata capacità di riproduzione vegetativa e per la loro lunga persistenza nel temp...

The finding of a new xOrchiserapias-hybrid (Orchis morio subsp caucasica x Serapias bergonii) from NW-Greece is reported. Its intermediate morphological properties are shown in detail, the new hybrid is described as xOrchiserapias erhardtiana. All new xOrchiserapias-taxa described since the appearance of the taxonomic review of the genus Serapias (...

The data gained during long term field works and results of extensive biometrical investigations on the genus Dactylorhiza in Georgia are presented in this paper. It is confirmed that Dactylorhiza amblyoloba represents independent species. Occurrence of D. armeniaca is proved for Georgia for the first time. New subspecies was described for D. incar...

Baumann, H. & R. Lorenz (2006): The sections of the genus Orchis L..- J. Eur. Orch. 38 (1): 173-183. Based on morphological criteria a new arrangement of the genus Orchis in nine sections is proposed. The correct names of these sections, together with their types, species and subspecies are listed, their differential characters are communicated. Th...

Within the preparation of a new European-Mediterranean orchid field guide and of the OPTIMA-Atlas on their distribution (BAUMANN et al. 2002, 2004, 2005) the review of critical taxa and entities has been continued. The results, i.e. some descriptions of new taxa and few new classifications are presented.

The aggregate of Epipactis helleborine is represented in South Tyrol with four taxa: Epipactis helleborine subsp. helleborine, E. helleborine subsp. orbicularis, E. muelleri, E. leptochila subsp. neglecta. Their morphological characters, phenology and preferred habitats as well as variability and discrimination problematics are elaborated. Maps wit...

Within the preparation of an updated practice-orientated fieldguide on the European and Mediterranean orchids and of the OPTIMA-Atlas on their distribution (BAUMANN et al. 2002, 2004) the review of nomenclaturally and taxonomically critical taxa as weil as fieldwork has been continued. From this some entities were recognised as new taxa, several ot...

Recent field investigations in Georgia and Azerbaijan accompanied by examinations of herbarium specimens of Caucasian orchids allowed a clearer differentiation of few Caucasus orchid entities. Details on the recently described Epipactis virdiflora subsp. kuenkeleana Akhalkatsi et al. are presented. Azerbaijanian Orchis mascula s.l. resulted to be a...

After publication of the „Taxonomic list of the orchids of Germany“ (BAUMANN, KÜNKELE & LORENZ 2002: 129-206) several critical commentaries appeared or have been made available in litt. to the authors (BATEMAN & DENHOLM 2003: 21; WUCHERPFENNIG 2003: 102-117; FELDMANN & ECCARIUS 2003: 118-123; BUTTLER 2002: in litt.; 2004). These have been considere...

Akhalkatsi, M., Lorenz, R., Matchutadze, I. & M. Mosulishvili (2004): Spiranthes amoena - a new species for Flora of Georgia.- Jour. Eur. Orch. 36 (3): 745-754. The history of the detection of Spiranthes amoena in Georgia/Caucasus is exposed. Hs status, endangerment and conservation needs are described. Although anthropogenie introduction is not to...

According to the protologue N. dolomitensis should differ from N. rubra for its widely open labellum and by a distinctly dentation of lower bracts with papillae. As to the rest, the two taxa are identical: lengthened conical-cylindrical inflorescence, carmin-red flowers bri- ghtened versus their base, tetraploidy, apomictic reproduction, habitat...

Georgian Society of Nature Explorers “Orchids” in the framework of the “Ecology and Economy in Harmony” program under bp's financial support intends to undertake efforts for protection and conservation of native orchids in Georgia.Orchids are enormously beautiful and sophisticated plants. Almost all native orchid species distributed in Georgia are...

The results of an excursion to Azerbaijan in April 2000 to investigate early flowering orchids from the Eastem Transcaucasus and Talysch are reported. Based on experiences obtained in the field and biometrical data Ophrys mammosa subsp. cyclocheila, Orchis militaris subsp. stevenii, Orchis purpurea subsp. caucasica are revised. Dactylorhiza incarna...

Georgian Society of Nature Explorers “Orchids” in the framework of the “Ecology and Economy in Harmony” program under BPs financial support intends to undertake efforts for protection and conservation of native orchids in Georgia.Orchids are enormously beautiful and sophisticated plants. Almost all native orchid species distributed in Georgia are t...

The preparatory work for the OPTIMA-Atlas on the distribution of the European and Mediterranean Orchids includes the compilation of the correct names of the orchid-taxa occuring in Germany. These are listed here, together with their type-data and most important synonymes. Lectotypes have been designated for the following taxa: Dactylorhiza maculata...

To resolve differentiation problems within Italian Serapias-taxa extensive new material from Italy, eorse, Malta and Provence has been investigated morphometrically followed by statistical evaluation including multivariate analysis. Documentation of data is delivered. The following 11 taxa have been proven to belong to the Italian flora: Serapias b...

During fieldwork within the OPTIMA-Project »Mapping of the Mediterranean Orchids« 42 new stations of Epipogium aphyllum were detected in Italy, 3 of them in Calabria, 32 in Trentino, 5 in South Tyrol, 1 in the province of Belluno and 1 in Friuli. The stations on the Aspromonte represent the southernmost in Europe. UTM-coordinates, basic squares and...

The status of the project ,,Mapping ofthe Orchids of South Tyrol«, coordinated by the AHO BadenWürttemberg, is summarized. Horizontal distribution of all taxa proven formerly and recently, 54 species and 1 subspecies out of 26 genera are presented in maps with the UTM 10 x 10 km2- and MTB-grid, the vertical distribution with 10 km x 100 m-grid. The...

Current distribution, degree of endangerness and rarification of Liparis loeselii in Germany and Central Europe are shown on the basis of published findings as well as on unpublished findings registered within the individual "Work-Groups on Wild Orchids" (Arbeitskreise Heimische Orchideen) of Germany. The situation in the adjacent countries and req...

Durch die nachfolgend beschriebenen neuen Funde für Limodorum trabutianum Battand. wird das Verbreitungsgebiet deutlich weiter nach Osten verschoben . Mit der Cote d'Azur und Calabrien erscheinen zwei ganz neue Regionen auf der Verbreitungskarte. Dies wird sicher einen Ansporn liefern , sich in diesen und den angrenzenden Gebieten etwas genauer mit...

Die Umsetzung des Sulfensäurechlorids (I) mit Ammoniak führt zum Sulfensäureamid (II).

Die Umsetzung von Trichlormethansulfensäurechlorid mit Ammoniak in n-Pentan bei –70° führt zu Trichlormethansulfensäureamid (1). – Bis(trifluormethylsulfenyl)-amin (2) ist eine sehr schwache Säure und weist in Dioxan/Wasser (70:30) eine Dissoziationskonstante von 1.03·10-10 auf. Es reagiert mit Trimethylamin und Pyridin zu bei Raumtemp. flüssigen 1...

Die Sulfensäurechloride (I) reagieren mit Ammoniak in CCl3F zu den Amiden (II) (74,8 und 83,7% Ausbeute), die mit einem weiteren Mol Säurechlorid (Ia) oder (Ib) in Gegenwart von Pyridin in Pentan zu den Aminen (III), (IV) bzw. (V) reagieren.

Chlorfluormethansulfensäurechloride(Cl3-nFnCSCl, n = 1, 2) reagieren mit NH3 in CCl3F zu den entsprechenden Amiden (1, 2), die in Gegenwart von Pyridin zu Bis(chlorfluormethylsulfenyl)-aminen (3–7) weiter umgesetzt werden können. Tris(chlorfluormethylsulfenyl)-amine (8–12) erhält man durch Umsetzung der Amide mit 2 Mol eines Sulfensäurechlorids in...

Bei der Umsetzung von (CF3S)2NH mit CF3SNCO bzw. werden nicht, wie erwartet, die entsprechenden Harnstoffe erhalten, sondern quantitativ (CF3S)3N und Cyanursäure. Sowohl (CF3S)2NH als auch (CF3S)3N reagieren mit SCl2 und liefern CF3SCl, S4N3Cl und S2Cl2. Im Falle des Imids entsteht zusätzlich noch HCl. Ähnlich verläuft die Reaktion mit Benzoylchlor...

Vyd. 1. Terminologické slovníky