Richard L. JasoniDesert Research Institute | DRI · Earth and Ecosystems
Richard L. Jasoni
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36
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Citations since 2017
Publications
Publications (36)
A large sample of ground-based evapotranspiration (ET) measurements made in the United States, primarily from eddy covariance systems, were post-processed to produce a benchmark ET dataset. The dataset was produced primarily to support the intercomparison and evaluation of the OpenET satellite-based remote sensing ET (RSET) models and could also be...
This report presents hydrometeorological observations and estimates of reservoir evaporation from two monitoring locations at Lake Powell from November 2018 to December 2021. We compare evaporation estimates from two independent methods, aerodynamic mass transfer and eddy covariance, to provide updated reservoir evaporation estimates based on best...
Ecosystems integrity and services are threatened by anthropogenic global changes. Mitigating and adapting to these changes requires knowledge of ecosystem functioning in the expected novel environments, informed in large part through experimentation and modelling.
This paper describes 13 advanced controlled environment facilities for experimental e...
Shrubland species in the Great Basin (USA) depend on soil water recharged from precipitation and/or groundwater for survival and growth. Climate warming and possible basin water diversion could alter the amount and timing of water availability to these plants. The objective of this study was to quantify the extent to which each of four co-occurring...
This study investigated near surface hydrologic processes and plant response over a 1600 m mountain-valley gradient located in the Great Basin of North America (Nevada, U.S.A.) as part of a long-term climate assessment study. The goal was to assess shifts in precipitation, soil water status and associated drainage with elevation and how this influe...
Global-scale studies suggest that dryland ecosystems dominate an increasing trend in the magnitude and interannual variability of the land CO2 sink. However, such model-based analyses are poorly constrained by measured CO2 exchange in open shrublands, which is the most common global land cover type, covering 14% of Earth's surface. Here we evaluate...
We quantified the temporal trend and climatic sensitivity of vegetation
phenology in dryland ecosystems in the US Great Basin during 1982–2011.
Our results indicated that vegetation greenness in the Great Basin increased
significantly during the study period, and this positive trend occurred in
autumn but not in spring and summer. Spatially, increa...
Diorhabda carinulata (northern tamarisk beetle) has been released in the western United States as a biological control agent for the invasive plant Tamarix spp. (tamarisk). A few studies have been conducted analyzing the effects of beetle defoliation on tamarisk water consumption, but pre- and post-defoliation comparison based on field data is scar...
A study involving empirical relationships between average growing season NDVI and total annual evapotranspiration (ET) from eddy covariance (EC) examined two approaches to extract average growing season NDVI values for regression analysis. Analysis and accuracy assessment included a single pixel (SP), average within the footprint boundary (FB), and...
When evaluating the potential for growing alternative crop species in
arid environments, high vapor pressure deficits (VPDs) that could
potentially inhibit crop productivity by limiting stomatal conductance
and CO2 uptake must be considered. The objective of this study was to
quantify the effects of VPD and irrigation levels on leaf stomatal
conduc...
Transpiration of trees in mountain recharge zones may significantly limit the input of water to groundwater systems in Great Basin mountain ranges. This removal of vadose zone soil water eventually constrains the bioavailability of water for both agriculture and human consumption. The objective of this study is to develop a quantitative understandi...
Groundwater evapotranspiration (ET) by phreatophytes is an important component of the water budget in riparian zones of many arid and semiarid environments. Diurnal fluctuations in groundwater levels have been used to estimate groundwater ET, but interference between nearby surface water (e.g., rivers, streams) and groundwater levels complicates th...
1. The occurrence and intensity of climate extremes, such as extremely warm years, are expected to continue to increase with increasing tropospheric radiative forcing caused by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions.
2. Responses of terrestrial ecosystem processes and services – such as above-ground net primary productivity (ANPP) and maintenance o...
In parts of the Mojave Desert, biological soil crusts (BSCs) can cover as much as 70% of the soil surface. Environmental factors such as temperature and rainfall can have a significant effect on BSC activity. To quantify the effects of simulated rainfall during different times of the year on CO2 exchange between crust-covered soil surfaces and the...
Groundwater evapotranspiration (ET) by phreatophytes in riparian zones is an important component of the water budget of many arid and semiarid environments. Diurnal fluctuations in groundwater levels have been used to estimate groundwater ET, but interference between nearby surface water (e.g., rivers, streams) and groundwater levels complicates th...
The responses of respiratory processes of terrestrial ecosystems to seasonal and year-to-year temperature variability strongly co-determine net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE), net ecosystem productivity (NEP), and ecosystem C sequestration or C release. We exposed six of twelve replicate 12,000 kg intact tallgrass prairie monoliths located in four en...
The Penman-Monteith combination equation, which is most frequently used to derive the surface conductance to water vapour (Gs), implicitly assumes the energy balance to be closed. Any energy imbalance (positive or negative) will thus affect the calculated Gs. Using eddy covariance energy flux data from a temperate grassland and a desert shrub ecosy...
Up to recently, desert ecosystems have essentially been ignored with respect to their influence on global carbon cycling and their potential role in modulating atmospheric CO2 levels. Because deserts, defined here as ecosystems receiving
Terrestrial ecosystems control carbon dioxide fluxes to and from the atmosphere through photosynthesis and respiration, a balance between net primary productivity and heterotrophic respiration, that determines whether an ecosystem is sequestering carbon or releasing it to the atmosphere. Global and site-specific data sets have demonstrated that cli...
A substantial effort is underway to characterize groundwater availability and overall water balance in hydrographic basins in eastern Nevada and parts of western Utah. Large quantities of groundwater are wanted by growing urban areas in southern Nevada and residents of eastern Nevada, and are also used by the shrub- steppe ecosystem in these basins...
The effects of hydroponic nutrient solution composition and pH on growth and mineral content of green onions was evaluated. Three onion varieties [Allium cepa L. ('Deep Purple' and 'Purplette') and A. fistulosum L. ('Kinka')] were propagated in three nu-trient solutions (Peter's Hydro-Sol, modified Hoagland's, and half-strength modified Hoagland's)...
Two experiments were conducted as part of an effort to evaluate the suitability of onions as a candidate crop for testing in a closed, controlled environment, hydroponic-based plant facility designed for long-term manned space missions (NASA Engineering Development Unit). Composition and total flavonol content of the plants were determined as they...
Arid ecosystems, which occupy about 35% of the Earth's terrestrial surface area, are believed to be among the most responsive to elevated [CO2]. Net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) was measured in the eighth year of CO2 enrichment at the Nevada Desert Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) Facility between the months of December 2003–December 2004. On most da...
A true one-step one-pot aldol-reaction procedure has been developed for the synthesis of β-hydroxy ketones and esters. The reaction can be run at room temperature by simply mixing four components in CH2Cl2, with medium-to-high yields of aldol products obtained after regular workup. Mechanistically, the process probably proceeds via Mg-enolate forma...
The first example of a direct aldehyde–ketone coupling using the secondary amine piperidine as base in the presence of MgI2 to generate high selectivity of anti-aldol products from unmodified ethyl ketones in high yield is reported. The coupling reactions were carried out in a one-pot reaction by mixing four reaction components at room temperature....
The first time steroselective synthesis of (Z)-β-bromo Baylis–Hillman ketones has been achieved using a one-pot three-component reaction. The new system uses MgBr2 as both the Lewis acidic promoter and the bromine source for the Michael-type addition with α,β-acetylenic ketones to form an active β-bromo allenolate intermediate, which in turn attack...
![Figure 6. Electron ionization mass spectra of 2- undecanone [A] and...](profile/Ellen-Peffley/publication/237833302/figure/fig1/AS:339775480451074@1458020195425/Electron-ionization-mass-spectra-of-2-undecanone-A-and-2-tridecanone-B-with-m-z_Q320.jpg)
Bulb onion (Allium cepa), non-bulbing Japanese bunching onion (A. fistulosum), common chives (A. schoenoprasum) and garlic chives (A. tuberosum) have markedly different harvest indices. With the onset of bulbing, leaf production ceases, photosynthates are reallocated to the bulb, lowering production of new shoots and crop canopy. Successive harvest...
Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) have been hypothesized to increase photosynthesis rates and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions; however, field measurements from a select group of conifer and angiosperm trees have shown that VOC emissions are in fact not affected or reduced by elevated CO2 levels. To broaden the understanding...
Light strongly influences plant processes and is instrumental inestablishing patterns in photosynthetic responses, enzymatic activity, andlevels of some plant hormones. At this time, it is unclear how the biosynthesisof the plant hormone ethylene is influenced by light in cotton cotyledonarytissue. To answer this question, the cotton (Gossypiumhirs...
Environmental and physiological factors can lead to boll loss in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Boll loss, in turn, may limit the rate of CO 2 assimilation. The effects of complete boll removal on the daytime and the nighttime CO 2 exchange rates of cotton were investigated in a 10-d study conducted in a controlled environment whole-plant assimila...
Salinity has been shown to alter a number of physiological processes, including the plant–water relations of some crop species. We examined the initial effects of NaCl salinity on the plant–water relations of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and the potential of calcium supplements to ameliorate those effects. Sunflower plants were grown in a contr...
Development of new ground water resources in rural lands surrounding urban areas of the arid western United States has been identified as a key to maintaining the economic viability of this region. The extent and rate at which ground water can be sustainably extracted, while avoiding or minimizing environmental impacts, depends to a large degree on...
Projects
Projects (2)
We seek to better understand groundwater dependent ecosystem (GDE) water use, vegetation variability, and trends in relation to climate, and land and water management. We commonly rely on the Landsat satellite archive, micrometeorological methods, gridded weather data, groundwater levels, unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), and field surveys to support GDE assessments.
https://www.dri.edu/project/groundwater-dependent-ecosystem-assessments/
https://www.dri.edu/project/wetland-mapnvnew/
