Richard Gitlin

University of South Florida | USF · Department of Electrical Engineering

Data-driven network design suggests that substantial technology advances of 5G and 6G networks will be enabled with enhanced automation, intelligence, and user-experience-focused capabilities. Network operators need to upgrade the standard network models by applying machine learning (ML) to address the complexities of next-generation network deploy...

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been proposed as a promising multiple access (MA) technique in order to meet the requirements for fifth generation (5G) communications and to enhance the performance in internet of things (IoT) networks by enabling massive connectivity, high throughput, and low latency. This paper investigates the bit error...

Millimeter wave (mmWave) is a key technology to support high data rate demands for 5G applications. Highly directional transmissions are crucial at these frequencies to compensate for high isotropic pathloss. This reliance on di- rectional beamforming, however, makes the cell discovery (cell search) challenging since both base station (gNB) and use...

The synergistic combination of Diversity and Network Coding (DC-NC) was previously introduced to provide very low end-to-end latency in recovering from a link failure and improve the throughput for a wide variety of network architectures. This paper is directed towards further improving DC-NC to be able to tolerate multiple, simultaneous link failu...

Enhanced Diversity and Network Coding (eDC-NC), the synergistic combination of Diversity and modified Triangular Network Coding, was introduced recently to provide efficient and ultra-reliable networking with near-instantaneous fault recovery. In this paper it is shown that eDC-NC technology can efficiently and securely broadcast messages in 5G wir...

Very fast link failure recovery and high throughput can be achieved via the synergistic combination of Diversity and Network Coding (DC-NC), an open-loop coding technique, in a wide variety of network architectures. In this paper, DC-NC is applied to enable recovering from a wireless link/node failure in the fronthaul portion of downlink Coordinate...

This paper presents a robust solution for link and node failures in network function virtualization for 5G and beyond system. Namely, the synergistic combination of Diversity and Network Coding schemes is leveraged here for robust link failure recovery. The scheme offers near-instantaneous packet recovery without feedback requests with enhanced thr...

The Internet of things (IoT), which is the network of physical devices embedded with sensors, actuators, and connec- tivity, is being accelerated into the mainstream by the emergence of 5G wireless networking. This paper presents an uncoordinated non-orthogonal random access protocol, an enhancement to the recently introduced Aloha-NOMA protocol, w...

This paper proposes a new medium access control (MAC) protocol for Internet of Things (IoT) applications incorporating pure ALOHA with power domain non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) in which the number of transmitters are not known as a priori information and estimated with multi-hypothesis testing. The proposed protocol referred to as ALOHA-NO...

The spinal cord plays a key role for big data processing in the central nervous system, which is composed of the brain and spinal cord. A close look to the spinal cord reveals that the main functions of fog nodes such as communication, computation and storage capability define what spinal cord does in the central nervous system. Based on this analo...

Going from theory to practice in fog networking raises the question of the optimum number of fog nodes that will be upgraded from the existing nodes. This paper finds the optimum number of fog nodes for a given total number of ordinary nodes residing in the area of interest for different channel conditions. Determining the optimum number of fog nod...

This paper is directed towards improving both throughput and reliability of 5G wireless Cloud Radio Access Networks (C-RANs) by the synergistic combination of Diversity Coding and Network Coding (DC-NC). In this paper, we directly apply the concept of DC-NC coding to two network scenarios: first, remote radio heads in a C-RAN connected to the baseb...

In various embodiments, the present invention presents a physical layer (PHY) authentication technique for implantable medical devices (IMDs) that does not use existing methods of cryptology. Instead, a friendly jamming mechanism is established and malicious attempts by adversaries are prevented, without sharing any secured information, such as sec...

In this paper we study the application of Diversity Coding to enable near-instantaneous recovery from link failures in 5G wireless Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) networks. We focus on networks where remote radio heads in a C-RAN are connected to the baseband unit in two hierarchical tiers with optical and wireless fronthaul links. In order to a...

In this paper we study the application of Diversity Coding to enable near-instantaneous recovery from link failures in 5G Centralized Radio Access Network (C-RAN) networks. We focus on networks where remote radio heads in a C-RAN are connected to the baseband unit with wireless fronthaul links. In order to avoid retransmissions and re-routing delay...

Energy efficiency is essential for Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) applications because of the battery-operated nodes. Other requirements such as throughput, delay, quality of service, and security levels also need to be considered in optimizing the network design. In this paper, we study the case in which the nodes access the medium probabilisti...

Advances in sensor networks enable pervasive health monitoring and patient-specific treatments that take into account the patients medical history, current state, genetic background, and personal habits. However, sensors are often battery power limited and vastly differ in their application related requirements. In this paper, we address both of th...

In this chapter, the state of the art of in vivo wireless channel characterization has been presented. Various studies described in the literature are dedicated to the in vivo communication channel, and they consider different parameters in studying various anatomical regions. Furthermore, the location-dependent characteristics of in vivo wireless...

We are in the midst of a major change in mobile wireless networks. Driven by the massive number of mobile-connected devices and the constant increase in the data rates, the primary objective of wireless network operators has been to satisfy the throughput of users and maximize the network capacity. However, this has lead to an energy inefficient ne...

Wireless communications are increasingly important in health-care applications, particularly in those that use implantable medical devices (IMDs). Such systems have many advantages in providing remote healthcare in terms of monitoring , treatment and prediction for critical cases. However, the existence of malicious adversaries, referred to as node...

We are designing an integrated wireless Vectorcardiogram (iVCG) that is of diagnostic quality, extremely small form factor, and is placed on the chest of the patient. In this paper, we consider the problem of transforming the three VCG component signals to the familiar 12-lead ECG for the convenience of cardiologists. We used an adaptive signal pro...

This paper describes how user-specific QoS requirements may improve spectral utilization in heterogeneous networks. Throughput improvements of FTP (File Transfer Protocol) applications benefiting from the rate adaptation and MAC scheduling algorithms for video applications that incorporate user-specific QoS to improve system capacity are demonstrat...

In this paper, we explore user-specific QoS requirements and associated schedulers that are very critical in optimizing the spectral allocation for wireless systems. Two user-specific QoS aware schedulers are proposed that considers the user-specific QoS requirements in the allocation of resources. Depending upon whether improving the MOS (Mean Opi...

The intra-operative three-dimensional (3D) structure of tissue organs and laparoscope motion are the basis for many tasks in computer-assisted surgery (CAS), such as safe surgical navigation and registration of pre-operative and intra-operative data for soft tissues. This article provides a literature review on laparoscopic video-based intra-operat...

We are designing an integrated wireless Vectorcardiogram (iVCG) that is portable and placed on the chest of the patient and is capable of recording and transmitting cardiac rhythm signals. We present a solution to the problem of transforming the three VCG component signals to the familiar 12-lead ECG for the convenience of cardiologists. The least...

We are designing an integrated wireless Vectorcardiogram (iVCG) that is portable and placed on the chest of the patient and is capable of recording and transmitting cardiac rhythm signals. We present a solution to the problem of transforming the three VCG component signals to the familiar 12-lead ECG for the convenience of cardiologists. The least...

Our long-term research goal is to model the in vivo wireless channel. As a first step towards this goal, in this paper we performed in vivo path loss measurements at 2.4 GHz and make a comparison with free space path loss. We calculate the path loss by using the electric field radiated by a Hertzian-Dipole located inside the abdominal cavity. The s...

Our long-term research goal is to model the in vivo wireless channel. As a first step towards this goal, in this paper we performed in vivo path loss measurements at 2.4GHz and make a comparison with free space path loss. We calculate the path loss by using the electric field radiated by a Hertzian-Dipole located inside the abdominal cavity. The si...

In this paper we present the performance evaluation for a MIMO in vivo WBAN system, using ANSYS HFSS and the associated complete Human Body Model. We analyzed MIMO system capacity statistically and FER performance based upon an IEEE 802.11n system model, with receiver antennas placed at various angular positions around the human body. We also analy...

This paper presents the proof-of-concept investigation for a miniaturized vectorcardiogram [VCG] system for ambulatory on-body applications that continuously monitors the electrical activity of the heart in three dimensions. We investigate the minimum distance between a pair of leads in the X, Y and Z axes such that the signals are distinguishable...

This paper describes how user-specific QoS requirements are a critical innovation that may be used to improve spectral utilization in wireless systems. Rate adaptation and MAC scheduling algorithms that process user-specific QoS to improve system capacity are proposed and evaluated. Through dynamically adapting the AMR codec mode or video data rate...

This paper describes user specific QoS requirements that are a criti-cal innovation for improving spectral utilization for wireless systems. An adaptive scheduler is presented that incorporates user specific QoS require-ments in the spectral allocation of resources. In this paper, we focus on voice applications, and demonstrate that by dynamically...

We present the performance of MIMO for in vivo environments, using ANSYS HFSS and their complete human body model, to determine the maximum data rates that can be achieved using an IEEE 802.11n system. Due to the lossy nature of the in vivo medium, achieving high data rates with reliable performance will be a challenge, especially since the in vivo...

In this paper, we present an approach to minimize the energy consumption of multihop wireless packet networks, while achieving the required level of reliability. We consider networks that use Cooperative Network Coding (CNC), which is a synergistic combination of Cooperative Communications and Network Coding. Our approach is to optimize and balance...

In this paper, we propose a wireless Communicator to manage and enhance a Cardiac Rhythm Management System. The system includes: (1) an on-body wireless Electrocardiogram (ECG), (2) an Intracardiac Electrogram (EGM) embedded inside an Implantable Cardioverter/Defibrillator, and (3) a Communicator (with a resident Learning System). The first two dev...

In this paper, we propose a wireless Communicator to manage and enhance a Cardiac Rhythm Management System. The system includes: (1) an on-body wireless Electrocardiogram (ECG), (2) an Intracardiac Electrogram (EGM) embedded inside an Implantable Cardioverter/Defibrillator, and (3) a Communicator (with a resident Learning System). The first two dev...

The MARVEL wireless research platform for advancing minimally invasive surgery requires high bit rates (∼100 Mbps) for high-definition transmission. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a widely used technology in fourth-generation wireless networks (4G) that achieves high transmission rates over dispersive channels by transmitting...

This invention is in the domain of minimally invasive surgery and is a method and apparatus that transforms and displays images of internal organs and tissues taken from internally located imaging devices on external skin. The image displayed on the skin aligns with the actual physical location, orientation, and size of the internal organs and tiss...

In this paper, we present diversity coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DC-OFDM), an approach to maximize the probability of successful reception and increase the reliability of OFDM-based systems through diversity coding. We focus on the application of DC-OFDM to vehicular networks based on IEEE 802.11p technology and analyze the per...

This special issue on Telematics Communication and Vehicular Networks examines the critical issues involved with telematics such as vehicular network infrastructure, vehicular network communication protocols, and vehicular services and applications.

We present a simulation method and results that utilizes accurate electromagnetic field simulations to study the maximum allowable transmitted power levels from in vivo devices to achieve a required bit error rates (BER) at the external node (receiver) while maintaining the specific absorption rate (SAR) under a required threshold. The BER of the c...

This paper describes the design, prototype and deployment of a network of wireless Miniature Anchored Robotic Videoscopes for Expedited Laparoscopy (MARVEL). The MARVEL robotic Camera Modules (CMs) remove the need for a dedicated trocar port for an external laparoscope, additional incisions for surgical instrumentation, camera cabling for power, vi...

State-of-the-art laparoscopes for minimally invasive abdominal surgery (MIS) are encumbered by cabling for power, video and light sources. Although these laparoscopes provide good image quality, they interfere with surgical instruments, occupy a trocar port, require an assistant in the operating room to control the scope, have a very limited field...

This paper describes the design and implementation of a Miniature Anchored Robotic Videoscope for Expedited Laparoscopy (MARVEL) and Camera Module (CM) that features wireless communications and control. The CM decreases the surgical-tool bottleneck experienced by surgeons in state-of-the art Laparoscopic Endoscopic Single-Site (LESS) procedures for...

In this paper we perform signal strength and channel impulse response simulations using an accurate human body model and we investigate the variation in signal loss at different RF frequencies as a function of position around the human body. It was observed that significant variations in received signal strength (RSS) occurred with changing positio...

This article describes the design, optimization, and prototype testing of a Miniature Anchored Robotic Videoscope for networked Expedited Laparoscopy (MARVEL), which is a camera module (CM) that features wireless communications and control and is designed to decrease the surgical-tool bottleneck experienced by surgeons in state-of-the art Laparosco...

Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) promise a significant improvement in the reliability of monitoring and treating people's health. A WBAN comprises a number of intelligent biosensors and actuators that may either be implanted in vivo or mounted on the surface of the human body, and that are capable of wireless communication to one or more externa...

In this paper we present and contrast two approaches, Cooperative Network Coding (CNC) and Cooperative Diversity Coding (CDC) to achieving reliable wireless body area networks. CNC combines cooperative communications and network coding, while CDC combines cooperative communication and diversity coding. These approaches also provide enhanced through...

This paper presents a novel design, and prototype implementation, of a virtually transparent epidermal imagery (VTEI) system for laparo-endoscopic single-site (LESS) surgery. The system uses a network of multiple, micro wireless cameras and multiview mosaicing technique to obtain a panoramic view of the surgery area. This view provides visual feedb...

In this paper we propose a highly reliable wireless body area network (WBAN) that provides increased throughput and avoids single points of failure. Such networks improve upon current WBANs by taking advantage of a new technology, Cooperative Network Coding (CNC). Using CNC in wireless body area network to support real-time applications is an attra...

Cooperative Network Coding synergistically integrates cluster-based Cooperative Communications and Network Coding to provide high performance by decreasing the outage probability and increasing the network reliability. In this paper, we investigate the effect of the number of hops on the performance of Cooperative Network Coding and analyze differe...

Cooperative Network Coding is a novel technology that synergistically integrates Network Coding with cluster-based Cooperative Communications to produce enhanced network reliability and security features, while improving the throughput. In this paper, we consider the effect of the connectivity on the performance of wireless sensor networks using Co...

Cooperative Networking is a new technology which exploits the massive deployment of nodes in wireless sensor networks. Cooperative Networking synergistically integrates Networking with cluster-based Cooperative Communications to improve reliability and enhance network performance. In this paper, we consider the effect of link-level feedback and ret...

Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

Electroporation in vivo is a biotechnology method that uses short-duration high intensity electric fields to enhance plasma membrane permeability in living cells in order to facilitate the uptake of drugs, DNA, genes and proteins into the cytoplasm. The degree of permeability is related to the tissue's bioimpedance; hence, accurate impedance evalua...