Richard Lorne Coulson

• Ph.D. M.Sc. B.Sc.
• Consultant at Clayton State University

An abstract is not available.

discusses the following questions: do individuals necessarily become more rigid in their thinking and acting at the same time they gain the experience that helps promote exceptional competence / are there ways that flexibility can be engendered and rigidifying effects evaded / how are such developments affected by the orderliness and relative stabi...

Epistemic world-views are beliefs about learning and, relatedly, about the phenomena of the world that prefigure the form knowledge schemata will take for an individual. Features of two kinds of epistemic world-views are presented: one is associated with various kinds of oversimplification of complexity known to be related to learning failure in il...

People call the police and want them to handle a variety of matters besides criminal ones. The city is divided into various communities with different functions and routine activity patterns. This paper examines how calls for police service vary with routine activities and time between two residential areas that are opposites on the quality of life...

The paper reports on the learning of difficult and complex concepts, the characteristics of these concepts that make them difficult for students to learn and understand well, the kind of misconceptions they acquire, and the difficulty of changing these misbeliefs. Mental maneuvers (Knowledge Shields) learners engage to ward off changing their belie...

A series of measurements was made to assess the morphology of the brain of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). The SHR brain was smaller than that of age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) controls in a majority of measures of external surface landmarks. This reduction in size was evident in the youngest age group examined (94 days) and...

Since World War II, there has been an explosion of medical facts and knowledge. It is almost impossible for a medical student to memorize and retain all there is to know. Even if he or she could, the data base is constantly changing, and new knowledge is being discovered. It is the responsibility of the physician to remain current, even though ther...

This report presents research findings concerned-with advanced knowledge acquisition of difficult material in ill-structured domains. The program had three interdependent aspects: (1) patterns of learning failure in advanced treatments of complex material and their causes and consequences, (2) new theory-based remedies for the observed patterns of...

Geschwind (1975) postulated that a multiple motor system accounts for a discrepancy in apraxias in response to commands for truncal and limb movements. Kuypers (1968) provided experimental evidence of a multiple motor system in primates. We present evidence of this multiple motor system in the form of Fourier-transformed electromyographic data in h...

A mail survey was conducted among individuals associated with Submarine IDC program, including corpsmen, corpsmen instructors and medical officers. The purpose was to identify medical conditions (e.g. appendicitis) a corpsman sees on a boat and basic medical science concepts particularly pertinent to working with these problems. Twenty eight medica...

Educational transfer occurs when knowledge, acquired in a specific context or for one purpose, is used in a different context or for a different purpose. There are the obvious cases of transfer, for example, the transfer of knowledge learned in a school classroom to the running of a business. However, many less obvious instances of transfer involve...

Expands on constructivist theories that were discussed in an earlier issue. Highlights include cognitive flexible theory; multiple knowledge representations; prespecification of knowledge; teaching content versus skill; and cognitive flexibility hypertexts (CFHs), including the kinds of knowledge domains for which they should be used and the learni...

Insights from the cognitive sciences indicate a continuing need for physicians to understand conceptual knowledge from the basic sciences, despite recent concerns regarding the increasing amount of information in medicine and the growing emphasis on performance skills. A 1987 survey of selected basic science and clinical teachers in North American...

Fertilization experiments using zona-free hamster eggs and spermatozoa from both guinea pig and human were conducted in the presence of cytochalasin D to evaluate the possible role of actin filaments in fertilization processes. When the actin filament inhibitor, cytochalasin D, was added to fertilization media at concentrations of 10 to 30 microM,...

A misconception regarding the ultrastructural basis of myocardial failure has been observed in laboratory studies involving medical students and practicing physicians, in medical textbooks, and in clinical instruction of students. This misconception attributes heart failure to overextension of individual cardiac muscle fibres and their sarcomeres,...

This is a final report on an equipment grant, to establish an artificial intelligence laboratory at Southern illinois University School of Medicine. The nature of the established laboratory is described. Systems developed during the term of the grant to support research are described, including a hypertext system for studying instruction of complex...

Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance was used to quantify the relations between metabolic phosphates, intracellular pH, and work rate in forearm muscle of six adult men over a range of work rates from 1.0 to 3.5 W. Three work rates were studied in each of four sessions (either 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 or 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 W), with measurements made befor...

Includes bibliographic references (p. 20-21)

1H NMR spin-lattice relaxation times (T1) of the N-CH3 proton resonances of phosphocreatine (PCr) and creatine (Cr) in water solutions were obtained using the 1,3,3,1 pulse sequence. These T1 values were equivalent to those obtained in D2O and water using either the conventional inversion-recovery experiment or the 1,3,3,1 pulse sequence. Thus, the...

The question of whether the heart in humans is resistant to deterioration during prolonged exercise is addressed in this review. An evaluation of the available data in the literature shows: 1) whole body VO2 increases during vigorous prolonged exercise, primarily due to an increase in O2 consumption of working muscles; 2) heat exacerbates the rise...

Evaluation of dynamic changes in pH and concentrations of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), phosphocreatine (PCr), and inorganic phosphate (Pi) during the transition from rest to steady-state exercise in the human has been methodologically limited. Previous work has relied on muscle biopsy of exercising subjects at different times in different exerc...

Myocardial energy expenditure measured by whole heart calorimetry has in the past been used to demonstrate that the thermal accompaniment of contractile activity is indicative of both force-related and force-independent activities. A mechanical technique for demonstrating the length dependence of activation in the right ventricular papillary muscle...

The coronary resistance, total heat production, oxygen consumption and isovolumic mechanical performance were measured simultaneously in the isolated beating rabbit heart. The direct effects of nitroglycerin (0.12 mg/l) were determined. The expected coronary dilatation occurred; coronary resistance fell by 21.5% independent of mechanical performanc...

Microelectrode and single sucrose gap techniques were used to measure transmembrane potentials in normal and failing papillary muscles. Six muscles from control animals and 10 from banded animals were cooled (2-4 degrees C) and subsequently rewarmed to 37 degrees C. Normal muscles demonstrated significantly greater increases in maximum diastolic po...

The passive stress-strain relationship of right ventricular papillary muscles from 10 normal and 9 experimental cats with short-term pressure-overload right ventricular hypertrophy-failure was examined by plotting the logarithm of instantaneous stress (ln sigma) against the natural strain calculated as ln(l/l0) where l = instantaneous length and l0...

Cardiac hypertrophy resulting from pressure overload and from volume overload differ considerably in many respects. For example, pressure overload leads to concentric hypertrophy while volume overload leads to eccentric hypertrophy (1). Systolic contractile function is depressed in pressure overload hypertrophy (2) but is normal in volume overload...

Chronic pressure overload leads to hypertrophy, depressed mechanical function, and reduced myosin ATPase activity. However, it is not known whether the lowered myosin ATPase activity results from the hyptertrophic process per se or whether the elevated afterload is required for the depressed myosin ATPase activity. Further, a causal relationship be...

Although an interrelationship between the maximum velocity of muscle shortening and the maximum rate of ATP hydrolysis of myosin ATPase has been postulated, the only established correlation has been in skeletal and smooth muscle from a variety of animal species. The present study employed conditions known to alter contractile function of the heart...

Myocardial contractile function is impaired when ventricular hypertrophy results from a pressure overload on the heart. However, hypertrophy regresses and contractile function returns to normal following relief of the pressure overload. This study sought to determine if the activity of myocardial myosin ATPase paralleled contractile function in pre...

Cardiac muscle myosin ATPase activity is depressed and contractile function impaired when the heart is subjected to a chronic pressure overload. Administering digitalis in the presence of chronic pressure overload significantly attenuates the decline in mechanical function. The current study sought to determine if the cardiac muscle myosin ATPase a...

This study examined the recuperative potential of cat hearts subjected to experimental right ventricular pressure overload (for a 10- to 14-day period) which provoked hypertrophy with and without congestive heart failure. Five groups of cats were studied: normal controls; one group with 70% pulmonary artery constriction which produced right ventric...

1. In the isolated beating rabbit heart the heat production (measured by Dewar-flask calorimetry) and oxygen consumption (measured polarographically) increased in a similar way to force development (assessed as the time integral of left ventricular developed pressure) when the diastolic size of the heart was increased. 2. The energy expenditure of...

A method is described for the simultaneous assessment of mechanical performance, heat production, and oxygen utilization in isolated perfused beating whole hearts. Subsequent analysis yields an index of efficiency of performance, the level of metabolism basal to any mechanical performance, and the caloric equivalent of oxygen. The system is especia...

The total heat output (energy utilization) of the isolated, perfused rabbit heart was measured at various left ventricular isovolumetric developed pressures (LVP) in the presence and absence (control) of 0.75 vol % halothane. Plots of the time integral of LVP/sec versus rate of heat production for control and halothane had equal slopes but differen...

1. Pressure was measured in the small arterial anastomosing branches of the coronary vascular network. The mean value was 30 mm Hg not significantly different from the mean value of 33 mm Hg for peripheral coronary pressure measured distal to a ligature on the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery. Evidence was adduced to show that...