Richard Y. Bourhis

University of Quebec in Montreal | UQAM · Department of Psychology

Cet article passe en revue les principaux travaux sur les préjugés en psychologie sociale en les illustrant par des situations propres au contexte des organisations. L’article commence par présenter les bases de la théorie de l’identité sociale et des relations intergroupes avant de rappeler que le préjugé est la composante émotionnelle du processu...

This chapter examines the linguistic situation in Quebec, employing the concept of ‘linguistic vitality’, which seeks to assess the degree to which the existence of a linguistic minority is threatened. Bourhis assesses the main legislative changes introduced to strengthen the position of the French language in the province and argues that the vital...

Cet article examine l’un des 3 thèmes de recherche privilégiés par l’auteur au cours de sa carrière, notamment la psychologie sociale des préjugés et de la discrimination. Sont d’abord examinées les enquêtes à grande échelle qui documentent l’étendue des préjugés et de la discrimination à l’égard des minorités au Canada, à savoir les Autochtones, l...

This article provides key group vitality concepts followed by a selective overview of four decades of research on vitality issues. Group vitality is what makes language communities behave as distinctive and active collective entities within multilingual settings. Three structural factors combine to foster strong to weak group vitality: demographic...

Though forty years of language policies much improved the status and use of French in Quebec, laws such as Bill 101 played a role in reducing the demographic and institutional vitality of the English-speaking communities of Quebec (ESCQ). Pro-French laws maintained Francophones at close to 80% of the Quebec population and ensured that 95% of the Qu...

Cette étude porte sur les orientations d’acculturation des Québécois francophones à l’égard des immigrants italiens « valorisés » et des immigrants mafieux « dévalorisés ». Un groupe d’étudiants québécois francophones ( N = 217) a complété l’Échelle d’Acculturation de la Communauté d’Accueil (ÉACA) envers ces deux groupes cibles. Les résultats ont...

The interactive theory of acculturation provides the public policy framework which frames the endorsement of acculturation orientation between high vitality majority and low vitality minorities in multilingual and multicultural settings. Concordant and discordant acculturation orientations yield harmonious, problematic, and conflictual intercultura...

This article analyses how language laws favouring French improved the vitality of the Francophone majority relative to the declining Anglophone minority of Quebec. Part one provides a review of Canadian Government efforts to provide federal bilingual services to Francophones and Anglophones across Canada. Using the ethnolinguistic vitality framewor...

Using the acculturation and ethnolinguistic vitality frameworks, this study examined economic prospects and linguistic tensions as factors accounting for willingness to stay in Quebec or leave to the rest of Canada. Questionnaires were completed by Quebec Francophone (QF; n = 234) and Quebec Anglophone (QA; n = 205) undergraduates attending French-...

Though existing research helps account for readiness of migrants to move internationally, few social psychological studies have focused on readiness of native born citizens to move internally across regions of their own country. Francophones residing in Canada's bilingual belt comprised of Quebec, New Brunswick and Ontario rated their readiness to...

This chapter provides a conceptual framework for examining the delivery of bilingual healthcare for linguistic minorities in Canada’s Bilingual Belt. First, the chapter provides an overview of the ethnolinguistic vitality framework accounting for the sociostructural factors affecting the strength of minority and majority language communities within...

This study, based on the Interactive Acculturation Model, investigates the acculturation orientations of undergraduates (n=279) in South Korea. Results show that Korean respondents considered South-East Asian immigrants to be less valued than Western immigrants. They were more welcoming towards ‘valued’ Western immigrants than they were towards ‘de...

Do French-Canadian (FC) minorities in New Brunswick and Ontario remain as committed as majority Francophone Quebecers in developing their vitality within Canada's bilingual belt? FCs constitute host communities for interprovincial migrants of FC and English-Canadian (EC) background who can bolster or weaken the vitality of FCs. How FCs and ECs welc...

This study analyses the influence of ethnic identity on the acculturation orientations of Basque undergraduates, towards groups in traditional contact (native Basques and native Spaniards) and towards recent immigrant groups. Five dimensions were used to measure the Basque and/or Spanish identities: linguistic, cultural, political, global, and the...

Les jumelages Interculturels sont des activités permettant la rencontre de personne de différentes cultures. Les principes de base sont égalité, collaboration et réciprocité.

Using minimal group procedures, 2 studies investigated money allocations made by rich/poor group members in wealth stratifications based on group chance, group merit, and individual merit. Study 1 participants were assigned to rich or poor groups based on a coin toss (group–chance) or on performance of each group on a test (group–merit). Study 2 pa...

Three studies examined whether the perceived typicality of a threatening outgroup actor in media messages alters threat effects on attitudes toward the entire outgroup; and whether outgroup (dis)approval of the actor influences perceived typicality. Study 1 measured Dutch majority attitudes toward Moroccans before and after the Van Gogh murder by a...

TWo studies explored how host community acculturation orientations toward North African immigrants of Muslim background are related to the propensity to discriminate in France. Propensity to discriminate (PTD) is an intention to discriminate reflecting prejudices against members of a devalued outgroup. Using the interactive acculturation model (IAM...

Host majority Jewish Israeli undergraduates who identified with the Labour Party (n = 83) or with the right-wing Likud Party (n = 75) completed the Host Community Acculturation Scale (HCAS) towards two "valued" Jewish immigrant groups of Russian and Ethiopian background, and towards a "devalued" national minority group: Israeli Arabs. Consistent wi...

Revue internationale de psychologie sociale 2013/1 -Tome 26 pages 5 à 34 ISSN 0992-986X Article disponible en ligne à l'adresse:://www.cairn.info/revue-internationale-de-psychologie-sociale-2013-1-page-5.htm

Using computer generated photos, this study investigated Québécois Francophone attitudes toward women wearing the Islamic veil and toward immigrants in Québec. Results revealed that Québécois Francophones had the least favourable attitudes toward a woman wearing the niqab, followed by one wearing the Catholic veil and one wearing the hijab. The mos...

Sommaire de la ressource numérique en accès libre développée par l’Université de Lorraine en collaboration avec l’Université Ouverte des Humanités et liens vers les 7 parties

Interethnic contacts are the rule rather tàan the excepticn in Western counties thar have histori-cally experienced immigration and continue to receive newcomers from various linguistic and cultural backgrounds. It is mainly in urban centers that majority speakers are tikeîy to meet l3e"ltti" minority speakers, thus creating numerous occasions forc...

This study investigated the combined influence of wealth and power on discrimination. Participants (N = 243) were assigned to a 2 (ingroup wealth: rich/poor) × 2 (ingroup power: dominant/subordinate) × 2 (outgroup target wealth: rich/poor) minimal group study. After personally receiving money depending on their group ascription, participants distri...

Group vitality and French-English relations in Quebec Résumé L"aménagement linguistique des trente dernières années en faveur du français a fait en sorte que près de 95% de la population du Québec connait le français et que plus de 80% de sa population utilise le français à la maison. L"usage du français au travail a considéra-blement augmenté et p...

The goal of this edited book is to provide a current portrait of the group vitality of the English-Speaking Communities of Quebec. The enduring stereotype about the Anglophones of Quebec is that it is a pampered minority whose economic clout is such that federal or provincial support for the maintenance and developments of its institutions is hardl...

L'objectif du présent ouvrage est de dépeindre la situation actuelle des communautés anglophones du Québec sous l'angle de la vitalité communautaire. Selon un stéréotype tenace, les anglophones du Québec forment une minorité choyée,dotée d'un tel pouvoir économique qu'elle n'a guère besoin du soutient des gouvernements fédéral ou provincial pour as...

Interethnic contacts are the rule rather than the exception in Western countries that have historically experienced immigration and continue to receive newcomers from various linguistic and cultural backgrounds. It is mainly in the urban centers of receiving societies that host majority speakers are most likely to meet linguistic minority speakers,...

In this paper a link is made between two different research fields: sociolinguistics and intergroup relations. The experiment presented tests the hypothesis that accent convergence is considered more natural in an intergroup cooperation situation and accent divergence more natural in an intergroup competition situation. Sixty-eight subjects from a...

Basque origin undergraduates in four universities of the Basque Autonomous Community (BAC) completed the Host Community Acculturation Scale (HCAS) in three life domains: marriage, culture, and work. Undergraduates with a strong Basque identity (N=308) and those with a strong dual Basque-Spanish identity (N=219) completed the HCAS towards the co-nat...

Esta investigacion sondeo 2446 estudiantes de pregrado de cinco Comunidades Autonomas Bilingues (CAB) de Espana. Proponemos que la creacion de las CAB de Espana en 1978 permitio el desarrollo de diferentes identidades prototipicas que van desde identidades solamente espanolas, identidades solamente autonomas hasta varias permutaciones de identidade...

Bourhis published extensively in English and French on topics such as cross-cultural communication, discrimination, immigration, acculturation and [anguage planning. ABSTRACT This article provides an overviewof dialogue and face-to-face matched-guise studies designed to explore French/[nglish language switching in Montrealsincethe adoption of pro-F...

This article provides an overview of immigrant/host majority relations from an intergroup perspective using the interactive acculturation model. Whereas previous research assumed that immigrants must adapt to a single dominant host majority, receiving societies are often made up of host communities whose ethnic and linguistic backgrounds vary, thus...

The first part of this paper proposes a continuum of ideological premises that seeks to account for the broad range of immigrant integration policies adopted by Western democratic states. In the second part, a review of Social Psychological models of immigrant acculturation strategies demonstrates the need to explain more clearly the interactive na...

Abstract: This article examines the phenomenon of discrimination in Canada and in Quebec from different angles: discriminatian in employment, discrimination in Ouebec compared with discrimination in the rest of Canada, and the most common grounds for discrimination. Among these grounds, linguicism {discrimination against speakers of a different lan...

Participants conformed to the erroneous majority answer about one third of the time. This finding surprised Asch, but turned out to be one of the most influential findings in social psychology. Asch did subsequent experiments to clarify the conditions under which people do and do not con-form to group pressure. For instance, he varied the number of...

This study, based on the Interactive Acculturation Model, investigates the acculturation orien-tations of undergraduates attending a multicultural university in Los Angeles County. European Americans (n = 778), African Americans (n = 88), Asian immigrants (n = 165), and Hispanic immigrants Qr = 109) participated in the questionnaire study. Results...

The goal of this study was to examine the role of Social Axioms in the endorsement of acculturation orientations held by members of the receiving society toward immigrants. Acculturation orientations of English Canadian undergraduates toward immigrants from Britain and immigrants of Arab Muslim background were measured. Respondents also completed t...

The vitality of language communities can affect the quality of intergroup communication between speakers of contrasting language groups. This is the case where accent, dialect, and language not only provide important cues for the categorization of speakers, but also serve as salient dimensions of ethnic identity. Vitality is defined as “that which...

The Minimal Group Paradigm and the Tajfel MatricesFundamental Orientations in Resource AllocationsPsychological and Sociostructural Correlates of Allocation StrategiesAlternative Explanations of the MGP Discrimination EffectConclusions: Categorization and Intergroup ConflictConcluding NoteReferences

This study proposes a new scale to monitor concepts of national belonging and assesses acculturation attitudes toward immigrants from France, Arab Muslim immigrants and Québec-based anglophone Canadians. Francophone Québécois undergraduates (N=265) completed the National Belonging Scale (NBS) and the Host Community Acculturation Scale (HCAS). Respo...

Thirty years of language planning in favour of French (Bill 101) can be credited for ensuring that the knowledge of French is shared by 94% of the Quebec population and maintaining 82% of its population as users of French at home. The law also contributed to increasing francophone control of the 0uebec economy. from 47% in 1960's to 67% today. Whil...

Hizkuntzaren talde-bizindarrari buruzko ikuspegia eta teoria azaltzen dute egileek artikulu honetan: bizindar objektiboa eta subjektiboa uztartuz, eta Landryren kultura autonomiaren eredua aztertuz, non osagai nagusiak kontrol instituzionala, hurbiltasun soziala eta legitimitate ideologikoa kokatzen diren. Bide horretatik zehazten saiatzen dira zer...

This article reviews key elements of the model of multilingual communication (MMC) (Sachdev and Bourhis 2001, 2005) as they pertain to the case of the "two solitudes" in the province of Quebec: the Francophone majority and the Anglophone minority. The first part of the article provides an intergroup analysis of how language laws in Quebec succeeded...

Cet article présente d’abord une définition de la discrimination et du linguicisme suivi d’un aperçu des problèmes de groupes minoritaires au Québec liés à ces formes d’exclusion sur le marché de l’emploi. Ensuite, l’article présente des résultats de l’Enquête sur la diversité ethnique (2003) sur la discrimination au Québec et dans le reste du Cana...

The abstract for this document is available on CSA Illumina.To view the Abstract, click the Abstract button above the document title.

The main goal of this chapter is to provide a framework for understanding the sociolinguistic and social psychological processes affecting language attitudes and language behaviours in multiethnic societies. The empirical research reviewed in the chapter focuses mainly on language behaviours related to code switching in encounters between members o...

Ethnolinguistic vitality refers to the demographic, institutional control, and status factors that allow language groups to behave as collective entities within multilingual settings. The first part of the article provides an overview of factors constituting objective ethnolinguistic vitality. The second part provides a brief analysis of the relati...

In the present article, we discuss and compare recent theoretical and empirical contributions to the growing body of research on social power. In the last decade, five different theories on power have been proposed. These theories can be distinguished according to whether they focus on intrapersonal, interpersonal, intergroup or ideological process...

Social identity theory proposes that discrimination contributes favourably to group members' social identity. In minimal group paradigm (MGP) studies involving positive outcome distributions (e.g. money), discrimination is associated with a more positive social identity. But studies on the positive-negative asymmetry effect show that categorization...

Research using the minimal group paradigm (MGP) demonstrates that categorization and in-group identification can suffice to foster intergroup discrimination. However, the positive- negative asymmetry effect (PNAE) shows that less discrimination occurs when negative than when positive outcomes are distributed between group members. Combining the pol...

The Host Community Acculturation Scale (HCAS). Testing the validity in the Italian Context. We tested the validity of the host community acculturation scale (HCAS) in the Italian social context. Its construct validity-convergent and discriminant- and the criterion based validity were evaluated. ... Participants were 280 University students: all wer...

This study explored how members of competing host communities may endorse different acculturation orientations towards valued and devalued immigrants settled in the bilingual city of Montreal. Francophone (N=422) and Anglophone (N=401) host community students from low-, medium- and high-ethnic diversity colleges completed the host community accultu...

The interactive acculturation model (IAM) proposes that acculturation orientations endorsed by host majority and immigrant minority members influence the quality of their intergroup relations. This questionnaire study was conducted with 199 French host majority respondents and 124 North African immigrants who interacted weekly as undergraduates at...

The State of Israel can be characterized as having two integration policies: an assimilationist one towards "valued" Jewish immigrants and a somewhat ethnist one towards its "devalued" national minority, namely Israeli Arabs. Using the Host Community Acculturation Scale (HCAS), this study explored Jewish undergraduate (N = 153) acculturation orient...

The abstract for this document is available on CSA Illumina.To view the Abstract, click the Abstract button above the document title.

Research using the minimal group paradigm demonstrates that categorization and ingroup identification can foster intergroup discrimination. However, the positive-negative asymmetry effect shows that less discrimination occurs when negative rather than positive outcomes are distributed. The normative hypothesis explains this asymmetry by the stronge...

Research using the minimal group paradigm demonstrates that categorization and ingroup identification can foster intergroup discrimination. However, the positive-negative asymmetry effect shows that less discrimination occurs when negative rather than positive outcomes are distributed. The normative hypothesis explains this asymmetry by the stronge...

Le cas du Quebec francais montre qu'un amenagement linguistique soutenu en faveur d'une langue minoritaire a l'echelle continentale peut mettre un terme au glissement linguistique vers la langue la plus puissante de ce millenaire : l'anglais. L'objectif de cet article est de fournir un survol de la situation sociolinguistique au Quebec suite a l'ad...

The Interactive Acculturation Model was recently proposed to better account for relations between immigrant and dominant host majority members depending on their respective acculturation orientations. The Host Community Acculturation Scale (HCAS) was used to measure the following five acculturation orientations toward “valued” and “devalued” immigr...

El contexto bilingüe de algunas Comunidades Autónomas en España es un laboratorio natural donde se producen procesos de cambio social en las identidades culturales y lingüísticas. Este artículo analiza algunos de los antecedentes y consecuencias de estas identidades. Una muestra de 2.446 estudiantes, distribuidos de forma similar entre cinco Comuni...