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Publications (168)
Project RovQuant has produced density maps and abundance estimates for large carnivores (wolf, wolverine, and brown bear) throughout Scandinavia since 2019. These estimates are based on non-invasive genetic sampling (NGS) and dead recovery data collected annually by Swedish and Norwegian authorities. The spatial capture recapture (SCR) method used...
Changes in lunar illumination alter the balance of risks and opportunities for animals, influencing activity patterns and species interactions. We examined if and how terrestrial mammals respond to the lunar cycle in some of the darkest places: the floors of tropical forests. We analysed long-term camera trapping data on 86 mammal species from 17 p...
The ongoing expansion of wolf (Canis lupus) populations in Europe has led to a growing demand for up‐to‐date abundance estimates. Non‐invasive genetic sampling (NGS) is now widely used to monitor wolves, as it allows individual identification and abundance estimation without physically capturing individuals. However, NGS is resource‐intensive, part...
The Scandinavian brown bear (Ursus arctos) population is monitored annually in Norway using non-invasive genetic sampling (NGS) and recovery of dead individuals. DNA extracted from faeces, urine, hair, and tissue is used to identify the species, sex and individual from which each sample originated. These data are compiled annually in the Scandinavi...
Background
The Scandinavian wolf (Canis lupus) population is being monitored annually using non-invasive genetic sampling (NGS) and recovery of dead individuals. DNA extracted from faeces, urine, hair, and tissue is used to identify the species, sex, and individual from which each sample originated. These data are compiled in the Scandinavian larg...
The Scandinavian brown bear (Ursus arctos) population is monitored annually using non-invasive genetic sampling (NGS) and recovery of dead individuals. In Sweden, brown bear monitoring follows a staggered five-year schedule where sampling happens successively in four distinct regions, followed by a year without sampling. This results in large spati...
Background The Swedish brown bear (Ursus arctos) population is being monitored using noninvasive genetic sampling (NGS). Given the relatively large number of bears and the wide range they occupy in Sweden, NGS is logistically and financially costly. To spread effort and cost, bear monitoring in Sweden follows a five-year schedule where monitoring o...
The ongoing expansion of wolf (Canis lupus) populations has led to a growing demand for up-to-date abundance estimates. Non-invasive genetic sampling (NGS) is now widely used to monitor wolves, as it allows individual identification and abundance estimation without physically capturing individuals. However, NGS is resource-intensive, partly because...
Changes in lunar illumination alter the balance of risks and opportunities for animals at night, influencing activity patterns and species interactions. Our knowledge about behavioral responses to moonlight is incomplete, yet it can serve to assess and predict how species respond to environmental changes such as light pollution or loss of canopy co...
Forest management rarely considers protecting bats in Fennoscandian regions although all species rely on forest habitat at some point in their annual cycle. This issue is especially evident as wind parks have increasingly been developed inside Fennoscandian forests, against the advice of international bat conservation guidelines. In this study, we...
The Scandinavian wolverine (Gulo gulo) population is being monitored annually using non-invasive genetic sampling (NGS) and recovery of dead individuals. DNA extracted from feces, urine, hair, secretion, and tissue is used to identify the species, sex, and individual from which each sample originated. These data have been compiled in the Scandinavi...
The Scandinavian brown bear (Ursus arctos) population is monitored annually in Norway using non-invasive genetic sampling (NGS) and recovery of dead individuals. DNA extracted from faeces, urine, hair, and tissue is used to identify the species, sex and individual from which each sample originated. These data are compiled annually in the Scandinavi...
Sex-specific differences in habitat selection and space use are common in ungulates. Yet, it is largely unknown how this behavioral dimorphism, ultimately leading to sexual segregation, translates to population-level patterns and density gradients across landscapes. Alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra r.) predominantly occupy habitat above tree lin...
The wolf (Canis lupus) is among the most controversial of wildlife species. Abundance estimates are required to inform public debate and policy decisions, but obtaining them at biologically relevant scales is challenging. We developed a system for comprehensive population estimation across the Italian alpine region (100,000 km²), involving 1513 tra...
Protected areas (PAs) play a vital role in wildlife conservation. Nonetheless there is concern and uncertainty regarding how and at what spatial scales anthropogenic stressors influence the occurrence dynamics of wildlife populations inside PAs. Here we assessed how anthropogenic stressors influence occurrence dynamics of 159 mammal species in 16 t...
Supporting Information for the article "Wolverine density distribution reflects past persecution and current management in Scandinavia"
After centuries of intense persecution, several large carnivore species in Europe and North America have experienced a rebound. Today's spatial configuration of large carnivore populations has likely arisen from the interplay between their ecological traits and current environmental conditions, but also from their history of persecution and protect...
Project RovQuant has produced density maps and abundance estimates for large carnivores (brown bear Ursus arctos, grey wolf Canis lupus, and wolverine Gulo gulo) throughout Scandinavia since 2019. These estimates are based on non-invasive genetic sampling and dead recovery data collected annually by Swedish and Norwegian authorities. The analysis m...
The Scandinavian brown bear (Ursus arctos) population is monitored annually in Norway using non-invasive genetic sampling (NGS) and recovery of dead individuals. DNA extracted from faeces, urine, hair and tissue is used to identify the species, sex and individual from which each sample originated. These data are compiled annually in the Scandinavia...
Forests in Europe are exposed to increasingly frequent and severe disturbances. The resulting changes in the structure and composition of forests can have profound consequences for the wildlife inhabiting them. Moreover, wildlife populations in Europe are often subjected to differential management regimes as they regularly extend across multiple na...
Spatial capture-recapture (SCR) models are now widely used for estimating density from repeated individual spatial encounters. SCR accounts for the inherent spatial autocorrelation in individual detections by modelling detection probabilities as a function of distance between the detectors and individual activity centres. However, additional spatia...
Non‐invasive genetic sampling (NGS) methods are becoming a mainstay in wildlife monitoring and can be used with spatial capture‐recapture (SCR) methods to estimate population density. Yet SCR based on NGS remains relatively underused for ungulate population monitoring, despite the importance of robust density estimates for this ecologically and eco...
Open‐population spatial capture–recapture (OPSCR) models use the spatial information contained in individual detections collected over multiple consecutive occasions to estimate not only occasion‐specific density, but also demographic parameters. OPSCR models can also estimate spatial variation in vital rates, but such models are neither widely use...
Background: The Scandinavian wolverine (Gulo gulo) population is being monitored annually using non-invasive genetic sampling (NGS) and recovery of dead individuals. DNA extracted from feces, urine, hair, secretion, and tissue is used to identify the species, sex, and individual from which each sample originated. These data have been compiled in th...
Abstract
Kleven, O., Forfang, K., Opsahl, N. N., Königsson, H., Spong, G., Milleret, C., Dupont, P., Bischof, R., Flagstad, Ø. & Brøseth, H. 2022. DNA-based monitoring of the Scandinavian wolverine population 2022. NINA Report 2236. Norwegian Institute for Nature Research.
Genetic analysis is an important tool for monitoring large carnivores in Sca...
Spatial capture–recapture (SCR) is now routinely used for estimating abundance and density of wildlife populations. A standard SCR model includes sub‐models for the distribution of individual activity centers (ACs) and for individual detections conditional on the locations of these ACs. Both sub‐models can be expressed as point processes taking pla...
An animal’s daily use of time (their “diel activity”) reflects their adaptations, requirements, and interactions, yet we know little about the underlying processes governing diel activity within and among communities. Here we examine whether community-level activity patterns differ among biogeographic regions, and explore the roles of top-down vers...
After centuries of intense persecution, several large carnivore species in Europe and North America have experienced a rebound. Today's spatial configuration of large carnivore populations has likely arisen from the interplay between their ecological traits and current environmental conditions, but also from their history of persecution and protect...
1.
Context
Forests in Europe are exposed to increasingly frequent and severe disturbances. The resulting changes in the structure and composition of forests can have profound consequences for the wildlife inhabiting them. Moreover, wildlife populations in Europe are often subjected to differential management regimes as they regularly extend across...
The Scandinavian wolf (Canis lupus) population is being monitored annually using non-invasive genetic sampling (NGS) and recovery of dead individuals. DNA extracted from faeces, urine, hair, and tissue is used to identify the species, sex, and individual from which each sample originated. These data have been compiled in the Scandinavian large carn...
The structure of forest mammal communities appears surprisingly consistent across the continental tropics, presumably due to convergent evolution in similar environments. Whether such consistency extends to mammal occupancy, despite variation in species characteristics and context, remains unclear. Here we ask whether we can predict occupancy patte...
Spatial capture-recapture (SCR) models are now widely used for estimating density from repeated individual spatial encounters. SCR accounts for the inherent spatial autocorrelation in individual detections by modelling detection probabilities as a function of distance between the detectors and individual activity centres. However, additional spatia...
Spatial capture-recapture (SCR) models are now widely used for estimating density from repeated individual spatial encounters. SCR accounts for the inherent spatial autocorrelation in individual detections by modelling detection probabilities as a function of distance between the detectors and individual activity centres. However, additional spatia...
The domestic cat ( Felis catus ) is among the most popular companion animals and most abundant carnivores globally. It is also a pet with an immense ecological footprint because even non-feral and food-subsidized cats can be prolific predators. Whereas knowledge about the spatial behavior of individual domestic cats is growing, we still know little...
The Scandinavian wolverine (Gulo gulo) population is being monitored annually using non-invasive genetic sampling (NGS) and recovery of dead individuals. DNA extracted from faeces, urine, hair, and tissue is used to identify the species, sex, and individual from which each sample originated. These data have been compiled in the Scandinavian large c...
Outdoor recreation is increasing and affects habitat use and selection by wildlife. These effects are challenging to study, especially for elusive species with large spatial requirements, as it is hard to obtain reliable proxies of recreational intensity over extensive areas. Commonly used proxies, such as the density of, or distance to, hiking pat...
Open-population spatial capture-recapture (OPSCR) models use the spatial information contained in individual detections collected over multiple consecutive occasions to estimate occasion-specific density, but also demographic parameters. OPSCR models can also estimate spatial variation in vital rates, but such models are neither widely used nor tho...
Spatial capture–recapture (SCR) analysis is now used routinely to inform wildlife management and conservation decisions. It is therefore imperative that we understand the implications of and can diagnose common SCR model misspecifications, as flawed inferences could propagate to policy and interventions. The detection function of an SCR model descr...
Most animals follow distinct daily activity patterns reflecting their adaptations1, requirements, and interactions2-4. Specific communities provide specific opportunities and constraints to their members that further shape these patterns3,4. Here, we ask whether community-level diel activity patterns among long-separated biogeographic regions diffe...
Populations of bears in Asia are vulnerable to extinction and effective monitoring is critical to measure and direct conservation efforts. Population abundance (local density) or growth (λ) are the most sensitive metrics to change. We discuss and recommend implementing spatially explicit capture-recapture (SCR), the current gold standard for densit...
Kleven, O., Andersskog, I. P. Ø., Brandsegg, H., Eriksen, L. B., Spets, M. H., Königsson, H., Spong, G., Milleret, C., Dupont, P., Bischof, R., Flagstad, Ø. & Brøseth, H. 2022. DNA-based monitoring of the Scandinavian wolverine population 2021. NINA Report 2111. Norwegian Institute for Nature Research.
Abstract: Genetic analysis is an important too...
The domestic cat (Felis catus) is the most popular companion animal and the most abundant carnivore globally. It is also a pet with an immense ecological footprint, because even non-feral and food-subsidized cats are prolific predators. Whereas knowledge about the spatial behavior of individual domestic cats is growing, we still know little about h...
Spatial capture–recapture modelling (SCR) is a powerful tool for estimating density, population size, and space use of elusive animals. Here, we applied SCR modelling to non-invasive genetic sampling (NGS) data to estimate red fox ( Vulpes vulpes) densities in two areas of boreal forest in central (2016–2018) and southern Norway (2017–2018). Estima...
The cost of reproduction on demographic rates is often assumed to operate through changing body condition. Several studies have found that reproduction depresses body mass more if the current conditions are severe, such as high population densities or adverse weather, than under benign environmental conditions. However, few studies have investigate...
![Relative bias (RB) for population size (N^\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}...](publication/352770463/figure/fig3/AS:1039177860796423@1624770717882/Relative-bias-RB-for-population-size-Ndocumentclass12ptminimal_Q320.jpg)
Context
Spatial capture-recapture (SCR) models are increasingly popular for analyzing wildlife monitoring data. SCR can account for spatial heterogeneity in detection that arises from individual space use (detection kernel), variation in the sampling process, and the distribution of individuals (density). However, unexplained and unmodeled spatial...
Background
The Scandinavian wolf (Canis lupus) population is being monitored annually using non-invasive genetic sampling (NGS) and recovery of dead individuals. DNA extracted from faeces, urine, hair, and tissue is used to identify the species, sex, and individual from which each sample originated. These data have been compiled in the Scandinavia...
Integrating dead recoveries into capture–recapture models can improve inference on demographic parameters. But dead‐recovery data do not only inform on individual fates; they also contain information about individual locations. Open‐population spatial capture–recapture (OPSCR) has the potential to fully exploit such data. Here, we present an open‐p...
Are instrumented animals representative of the population, given the potential bias caused by selective sampling and the influence of capture, handling and wearing bio-loggers? The answer is elusive owing to the challenges of obtaining comparable data from individuals with and without bio-loggers. Using non-invasive genetic data of a large carnivor...
Supplementary Information: Moqanaki EM, Milleret C, Tourani M, Dupont P, Bischof R. Consequences of ignoring variable and spatially autocorrelated detection probability in spatial capture-recapture. Landscape Ecology, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-021-01283-x
Harvest, through its intensity and regulation, often results in selection on female reproductive traits. Changes in female traits can have demographic consequences, as they are fundamental in shaping population dynamics. It is thus imperative to understand and quantify the demographic consequences of changes in female reproductive traits to better...
Spatial capture-recapture modelling (SCR) is a powerful tool for estimating densities, population size and space use of elusive animals. Here, we applied SCR modeling to non-invasive genetic sampling (NGS) data to estimate red fox ( Vulpes vulpes) densities in two areas of boreal forest in central (2016 - 2018) and southern Norway (2017 - 2018). Es...
Capture–recapture methods are a common tool in ecological statistics, which have been extended to spatial capture–recapture models for data accompanied by location information. However, standard formulations of these models can be unwieldy and computationally intractable for large spatial scales, many individuals, and/or activity center movement. W...
Spatial capture-recapture (SCR) is now used widely to estimate wildlife densities. At the core of SCR models lies the detection function, linking individual detection probability to the distance from its latent activity center. The most common function (half-normal) assumes a bivariate normal space use and consequently detection pattern. This is li...
Pakistan’s total estimated snow leopard habitat is about 80,000 km² of which about half is considered prime habitat. However, this preliminary demarcation was not always in close agreement with the actual distribution—the discrepancy may be huge at the local and regional level. Recent technological developments like camera trapping and molecular ge...
Significance
We are experiencing the accelerated loss and reconfiguration of biological diversity. Meanwhile, those charged with natural resource management are struggling to meet the challenges of monitoring and managing wildlife populations across vast areas crisscrossed by political borders. What if, akin to weather maps, we could track and fore...
Results from biologging studies are often scaled up to population-level inferences and this begs the question: Are instrumented animals representative of the population given the potential bias in individual selectivity, the influence of capture, handling and wearing bio-loggers? The answer is elusive due to the challenges of obtaining comparable d...
Spatial capture-recapture (SCR) is a popular method for estimating the abundance and density of wildlife populations. A standard SCR model consists of two sub-models: one for the activity centers of individuals and the other for the detections of each individual conditional on its activity center. So far, the detection sub-model of most SCR models...
Camera trapping, paired with analytical methods for estimating species occurrence, population size or density, can yield information with direct consequences for wildlife management and conservation. Detectability, the ability to detect a species or individual if it is present, affects the reliability and efficiency of camera trap surveys and, in t...
