Richard F W Barnes

Background Clinical evidence suggests that anemia exacerbates traumatic bleeding and worsens outcomes. Objectives To study the influence of iron deficiency anemia on traumatic bleeding, coagulopathy, and mortality. Methods C57BL/6J mice received an iron-deficient diet (8 weeks; ±1 mg intraperitoneal iron dextran 2 weeks before trauma). Control mi...

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is responsible for 30% to 50% of maternal deaths. There is conflicting evidence if prepartum anemia facilitates PPH. A comprehensive analysis of studies describing their relation is missing. An extensive database search was conducted applying the terms “anemia” OR “hemoglobin” AND “postpartum hemorrhage.” We used a rando...

Objectives The Joint tissueActivity and Damage Exam (JADE) is a point-of-care (POC) musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSKUS) protocol for non-radiologists to evaluate hemophilic arthopathy. Our aim was to determine the consistency of cross-sectional analyses of direct tissue measurements (JADE protocol) and clinical Hemophilia Joint Health Score [HJHS] a...

Objectives The Joint tissueActivity and Damage Exam (JADE) is a point-of-care (POC) musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSKUS) protocol for non-radiologists to evaluate hemophilic arthopathy. Our aim was to determine the consistency of cross-sectional analyses of direct tissue measurements (JADE protocol) and clinical and functional joint assessments at th...

Introduction: The reasons for the high prevalence of hypertension in persons with haemophilia (PWH) are poorly understood. Aim: To examine the roles of diabetes, Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in the etiology of hypertension for PWH. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional design. Adult PWH (n = 691) were divided...

Introduction: Haemophilia patients experience painful joint episodes which may or may not be associated with haemarthrosis. We sought to validate a questionnaire developed by the Canadian Haemophilia Society using point-of-care musculoskeletal ultrasound (POC MSKUS) to confirm haemarthrosis. Methods: The questionnaire comprised of 20 questions (...

Introduction: Persons with haemophilia (PWH) have a higher prevalence of hypertension compared to the general population, which cannot be explained entirely by the usual cardiovascular risk factors. Neutralizing antibodies (inhibitors) against clotting factors might have some relation to cardiovascular disease in PWH. However, whether inhibitors f...

Introduction: Ageing patients with haemophilia (PWH) develop cardiovascular risk factors impacting care. Little is known about the prevalence of diabetes in PWH and its relation to other comorbidities. Aim: To examine the risk of diabetes for adult PWH compared to men from the general United States population (National Health and Nutrition Exami...

Clinical evidence suggests that anemia increases surgical bleeding and is associated with poor outcomes. Globally, ~ 50% of anemia is attributed to iron deficiency as the most common nutritional disorder. To study the effects of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) on traumatic bleeding we developed a mouse model of IDA and traumatic injury, and tested the...

Background Painful arthropathy is a long-term complication in patients with hemophilia (PWH), affecting mobility and quality of life. A major barrier for the appraisal of joint health is the absence of point-of-care (POC) imaging modalities to promptly identify and manage arthropathic changes. Accordingly, we developed the Joint tissue Activity and...

Introduction Acute respiratory illnesses from COVID19 infection are increasing globally. Reports from earlier in the pandemic suggested that patients hospitalized for COVID19 are at particularly high risk for pulmonary embolism (PE). To estimate the incidences of PE during hospitalization for COVID19, we performed a rigorous systematic review of pu...

Introduction Interstitial, cartilage and bone collagens have been proposed as biomarkers of joint deterioration in hemophilic arthropathy. The role of basement membrane (type IV and VIII) collagens as biomarkers of endothelial turnover in relation to acute joint bleeding is not understood. Methods Thirty‐one adult patients with hemophilia were stu...

Introduction: Clinical scoring systems, such as the Hemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS), and imaging modalities (radiographs and magnetic resonance) are important instruments for the evaluation of hemophilic joint health. However, they are semi-quantitative scales, exhibit ceiling effects, and may not capture subtle dynamic changes of intra-articu...

Hemophilia is an X-linked bleeding disorder characterized by deficiencies of Factor VIII or IX. Hypertension in persons with hemophilia (PWH) appears to be more prevalent compared to the general population. A major complication of hemophilia remains the development of neutralizing antibodies (inhibitors) against infused clotting factor. It tends to...

Methamphetamine use, sexual relationship power (SRP), and partner violence (PV) are associated with increased risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among women. The objective of our study was to examine the association of recent PV and SRP on STIs by partner type among HIV-negative, heterosexual women who use methamphetamine in San Diego,...

Background: Maternal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa is approximately 500 to 1000 per 100 000 births (vs. approximately 5-20 in developed countries). Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is deemed responsible for 30% to 50% of the deaths. Objective: To study PPH, risk factors, and mortality in metropolitan Mozambique to inform future studies and interven...

Background: Patients with haemophilia have a higher prevalence of hypertension than the general population that cannot be explained by traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as age, race, diabetes or obesity. Patients with severe haemophilia, who are on clotting factor prophylaxis, have a higher prevalence of hypertension compared to patients...

Introduction: Recurrent joint bleeding in patients with congenital hemophilia causes progressive arthropathy, characterized by reduced range of motion, synovial proliferation and osteochondral damage. Chronic hemophilic arthropathy remains a leading disabling complication affecting activity and quality of life. Clinical scoring systems, such as the...

Hemophilic arthropathy from joint bleeding remains a complication with major morbidity in the increasingly aging patients with hemophilia. Prophylactic clotting factor infusions, based on pharmacokinetic dosing to reduce bleeding rates, are being explored more and more. However, there is little evidence on the benefits of pharmacokinetic dosing in...

Introduction Evidence suggests that toxic iron is involved in haemophilic joint destruction. Aim To determine whether joint iron deposition is linked to clinical and imaging outcomes in order to optimize management of haemophilic joint disease. Methods Adults with haemophilia A or haemophilia B (n = 23, ≥ age 21) of all severities were recruited...

Background Low impact physical activity is important for patients with haemophilic arthropathies, but is often considered boring with suboptimal adherence. There is therefore a need for physical activities that motivate patient engagement. Aims To evaluate the benefits of top rope climbing, increasingly used in other musculoskeletal disorders, as...

Objectives Musculoskeletal ultrasound (US) is used increasingly to examine hemophilic arthropathy. However, quantitative algorithms to document findings are lacking. We developed and sought to validate a protocol quantifying hemophilic joint abnormalities. Methods Thirty‐one patients with hemophilia were examined serially for 2 years with musculos...

Objectives: Point-of-care musculoskeletal ultrasound (US) is increasingly used by hemophilia providers to guide management; however, pathologic tissue differentiation with US is uncertain. We sought to determine the extent to which point-of-care musculoskeletal US can identify and discriminate pathologic soft tissue changes in hemophilic arthropat...

Hemophilic arthropathy is a progressive, disabling condition with poorly understood pathobiology. Since there is an emerging interest to study the role of intra-articular fat pad size and biology in arthritic conditions, we explored fat pad volume changes in hemophilic arthropathy and to what extent they differed from osteoarthritis. We matched a c...

In West Africa, whether in forests or savannahs, most of the large mammal species have a scattered spatial distribution. Monitoring their population size represents a logistic, financial, theoretical challenge because we counting transects are not appropriate, unlike elsewhere in Africa. In this paper, we (1) analyse the patterns of interannual (20...

Objective: Hemophilic arthropathy is associated with pronounced vascular joint remodeling. Also, compared to the general population, PWH have a higher prevalence of hypertension not explained by usual risk factors. Since vascular remodeling in various vascular beds is a hallmark of hypertension, we hypothesized that vascular joint remodeling is as...

African elephants (Loxodonta africana) are ecosystem engineers in African savannahs, but their role in the modifications of the populations of trees by means of their browsing activities has been poorly studied so far in West Africa. We studied the disturbance of elephants to eight selected species of trees in the Nazinga Game Ranch (Burkina Faso),...

Supplemental Table 1. Spearman rank correlations show associations between each type of fat pad and age and body dimensions. Infrapatellar fat pad volumes were positively associated with height, weight, BMI and tibial plateau bone area. In contrast, suprapatellar fat pad volumes were positively associated only with weight and BMI. Supplemental Tab...

Background: Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder associated with frequent hemarthroses and ensuing debilitating arthropathies. Patients with hemophilia (PWH) are encouraged to participate in low impact physical activities to improve joint health, mobility, and quality of life (QoL). However, activities such as walking, swimming or physical therapy are...

Introduction and objectives: Intra-articular corticosteroid injections are standard of care for managing joint pain secondary to osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis but are rarely used in haemophilic arthropathy. We have introduced and evaluated the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injections for pain relief in patients w...

Background. The etiology of the high prevalence of hypertension among patients with hemophilia (PWH) remains unknown. Methods. We compared 469 PWH in the United States with males from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to determine whether differences in cardiovascular risk factors can account for the hypertension in hemo...

Hemophilic arthropathy is a debilitating condition that can develop as a consequence of frequent joint bleeding despite adequate clotting factor replacement. The mechanisms leading to repeated spontaneous bleeding are unknown. To better understand these mechanisms, we investigated the time course of synovial, vascular, stromal and cartilage changes...

Patients with hemophilia (PWH) have a higher prevalence of hypertension and intracranial hemorrhage than the general male population. However, the etiology of the hypertension, and to what extent blood pressure and associations with cardiovascular risk factors vary from the general population, is incompletely understood. We therefore investigated t...

Hemophilic arthropathy is a debilitating condition that can develop as a consequence of frequent joint bleeding despite adequate clotting factor replacement. The mechanisms leading to repeated spontaneous bleeding are unknown. We investigated synovial, vascular, stromal and cartilage changes in response to a single induced hemarthrosis in the FVIII...

Crop raiding by elephants continues to increase as human populations in elephant ranges expand. The risk of crop losses can be reduced by identifying the most important farm land features that attract elephants. Risk factors vary from place to place and must be identified by site-specific studies. The most important risk factors include distance of...

Objective: To examine the relationship between parent feeding practices (restriction, monitoring, pressure to eat), general parenting behaviors (acceptance, psychological control, firm control), and aberrant child eating behaviors (emotional eating and excessive snacking) among overweight and normal weight children. Methods: Overweight and norma...

Abstract Long-term solutions to crop raiding by elephants (Loxodonta africana) should be based on an understanding of their behaviour and ecology. The real and perceived risks from humans have been shown to affect elephant behaviour. This is evidenced by elephants predominantly raiding crops at night, avoiding the height of human activity. If such...

Background In 2008, the San Diego Regional Immunization Registry (SDIR) added a manual data entry module to collect BMI measurements from healthcare providers. Expanded use of Electronic Health Records (EHR) created opportunities for developing new surveillance through existing electronic registries. By 2010, plans began to develop 12 interfaces to...

Background. Rates of body mass index (BMI) calculation and plotting remain low. We examined whether providing a BMI wheel and brief education to pediatric residents and attendings would increase rates of “BMI recognition” and obesity-related counseling. Methods. A delayed-control design was used to evaluate a 20-minute intervention. A total of 1640...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) isolates with identical genotypes, found in different patients, are most likely the result of recent transmission. Mtb strains with closely related genotypes, called clonal complexes, are most likely derived from one another. We examined Mtb genotypes from southern California TB patients from 2005 through 2008 to co...

San Diego, California shares the world's busiest land border crossing with Tijuana, Mexico-a city where 95 % of injection drug users (IDUs) test hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody-positive. Yet, little is known about the prevalence and risk behaviors for HCV among IDUs in San Diego. In 2009-2010, 18-40-year-old IDUs in San Diego County completed a ri...

To describe long-term trends in tuberculosis (TB) mortality and to compare trends estimated from two different sources of public health surveillance data. Trends and changes in trend were estimated by joinpoint regression. Comparisons between data sets were made by fitting a Poisson regression model. Since 1900, TB mortality rates estimated from de...

Elephant wet and dry season distributions were compared at Nazinga Game Ranch in southern Burkina Faso. Dropping counts along line transects provided an index of occupancy at the end of each season: wet 2006, dry 2007 and dry 2008. We expected that the distribution of elephants would differ between the dry and the wet seasons, with elephants concen...

We sought to understand tuberculosis (TB) and HIV coinfection trends in San Diego County, California, and to identify associations between sociodemographic risk factors and TB and HIV coinfection. We analyzed TB surveillance data from 1993 through 2007. TB cases were grouped by HIV status: positive, negative, or unknown. We used Poisson regression...

The efficiency of meandering transects—in terms of accuracy, precision and effort required for estimating elephant abundance—was evaluated in the Kakum Conservation Area in Ghana. Four consecutive elephant dung surveys were carried out between February 2000 and February 2002 using meandering transects. The resulting dung density estimates were adju...

The efficiency of meandering transects—in terms of accuracy, precision and effort required for estimating elephant abundance—was evaluated in the Kakum Conservation Area in Ghana. Four consecutive elephant dung surveys were carried out between February 2000 and February 2002 using meandering transects. The resulting dung density estimates were adju...

An Africa-wide overview of the distribution, abundance and conservation issues of African elephants as at the end of 2006. The introductory section is comprised of a short review outlining the background of the African Elephant Database, a discussion on the types of data and how is is it interpreted in the compilation of the report, and a descripti...

Antibody to Ebola virus was found in 14 (1.2%) of 1147 human sera collected in Gabon in 1981-1997. Six seropositive subjects were bled in the northeast in 1991, more than 3 years prior to recognition of the first known outbreak of Ebola haemorrhagic fever (EHF), whilst eight came from the southwest where the disease has not been recognised. It has...

An accumulated count of elephant occupation was measured around Lake Banzena in Gourma in Mali, at the end of the 2004 dry season. There was a steep gradient of elephant use away from the lake. Elephants preferred areas with high species diversity and with abundant Balanites aegyptiaca and Acacia spp. but avoided poor soils with Leptodenia pyrotech...

Crop raiding by elephants is becoming a serious management problem around many protected areas in West Africa as forests shrink and human populations expand. We describe a case study of the Kakum Conservation Area in Ghana's forest zone. We monitored 203 farms to explain why some suffered huge losses from elephants while close neighbours remained u...

The Kakum Conservation Area appears to be Ghana's most successful national park, with 60,000 visitors each year and its role in boosting the economy of Cape Coast, the regional capital. But to the local farming community, the park is not a blessing. Marauding elephants damage their crops, making the local community hostile towards the park and towa...

Describes the conflict between people and elephants and the relationship to political upheavals in Togo, and notes the growth of human population, soil degradation, and changes in rainfall. A 1991 aerial survey estimated 130 elephants in the region between Fosse-aux-Lions NP and the Doung Forest area and although no censuses have been taken since t...

This April-June 1996 study focused on the elephant populations in northern Togo and northeastern Ghana. Animals move between the two nations and into southern Burkina Faso. Interviews in Ghana involved people from 42 villages in 7 districts, in Togo from 24 villages in 6 districts (prefectures). Crop raiding is a problem throughout the area but the...

Reviews the preliminary study on the status of elephants in northeastern Ghana and northern Togo undertaken in April-June 1996. Assesses the recent history and present distribution of elephants including a major change in elephant distribution on both sides of the border in 1990-92, and an increase in crop raiding in the Red Volta Valley in Ghana....

The amount and quality of habitat for elephants depends on the needs of human populations, and as the pressure on land continues to grow and soil fertility declines through over use the future of elephant populations in this region becomes increasingly difficult. Crop destruction by elephants is usually just prior to the harvest. If elephants are t...

This paper presents a method for estimating monkey numbers in a large area of forest where there is a gradient of monkey densities. The method is illustrated using data collected in the northeastern forests of Gabon during an earlier project. These forests are sparsely populated and there are few roads. The density of Cercopithecus nictitans increa...

This paper describes the first ever survey of Zaire's forest elephants. Reconnaissance surveys were made of four large areas of forest, and information on other places was collected during discussions with people with long experience of the country. The vast forests of Zaire do not provide elephants with a safe refuge from poachers. Forest elephant...

Dropping counts were used to assess elephant abundance in the remote forests of northeastern Gabon where there are few people and no logging. Elephants prefer the secondary forest which grows on abandoned villages and plantations, but avoid roads and villages. Thus elephant distribution is governed by the distribution of both past and present human...

(1) Shooting bag records of red grouse were obtained by a questionnaire survey. Data from 160 Scottish moors were analysed to show temporal and spatial variations in grouse abundance. (2) Red grouse bags declined in two stages. The first occurred during the 1939-45 War and affected the whole country. The second stage occurred between the mid-1970s...

(1) The movements of individual hares were studied by radio-tracking on a mixed arable farm, and hare numbers were compared with farming patterns at nine farmland sites in different parts of England. (2) Hares preferred to feed on short crops and their preference for cereals declined as crops developed beyond the tillering stages. Pastures were imp...

This review paper attempts to provide a comprehensive picture of the elephant over-population problem in Ruaha National Park by drawing together data on elephant numbers, elephant feeding behaviour, and the effects of elephant browsing on woodlands.Elephant numbers appear to have increased since about 1946 following a change in human distribution a...

Elephants were observed for two dry seasons and the intervening wet season in Ruaha National Park, Tanzania. The behaviour of cows was influenced to a greater extent by weather than was the behaviour of bulls. Variations in bulls' ranging behaviour could be explained by the proportion of the bull population that was sexually active at any particula...