Ricardo Primi

University of San Francisco · Programa de Pós Graduação Stricto Sensu em Psicologia

The Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio [Brazilian High School Exam] (Enem) is a test that includes an essay and four 45-item tests. Its reliability and the impact of fatigue on scores are important considerations, so Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT) may be a way to address these issues. Therefore, the present study aimed to verify the possibility of...

This study examined the professional interests of gifted students in comparison with those of non-gifted students. The effects of grade and sex variables were also examined. The academic giftedness group consisted of students in the 5th grade (n = 2,233), 9th grade (n = 3,373), and 11th grade (n = 3,515), 50.8% female, between the ages of 9 and 21...

Resumo: Neste artigo, pretendeu-se lançar vistas aos desafios vivenciados pela área de avaliação psicológica nos 50 anos de história do Conselho Federal de Psicologia (CFP). Nessa perspectiva, foi abordada a criação e consolidação do Sistema de Avaliação dos Testes Psicológicos (Satepsi), a partir de um resgate das pautas que envolvem diretamente o...

Researchers and educators interested in creative writing need a reliable and efficient tool to score the creativity of narratives, such as short stories. Typically, human raters manually assess narrative creativity, but such subjective scoring is limited by labor costs and rater disagreement. Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable succe...

Socioemotional skills are essential for students’ development at school. However, school support has barely generated debates. We aimed to analyze the evidence of the internal structure and convergent-discriminant validity of the scores of the forced-choice version of the Inventory of Supporting for Socio-Emotional Skills (ISSE). In total, 443 midd...

This study aims to revise 18REST, a short RIASEC-based measure about vocational interests, developed for large-scale assessment in education. Using a large sample of 63,128 Brazilian students from 5 th , 9 th , and 12 th grade, a revised version with partly new items was proposed, i.e., 18REST-2. 18REST-2 RIASEC scales showed a circular order in 12...

Resumo O Sistema de Avaliação de Testes Psicológicos (SATEPSI) recebeu notoriedade entre brasileiros e estrangeiros por oferecer um complexo sistema de qualificação dos testes psicológicos, pouco visto em âmbito mundial. Sua elaboração dependeu de uma autarquia, que o financiou, normatizou e o mantém, mas também de pesquisadores docentes de avaliaç...

There have been tremendous advancements in technology-based assessments in new modes of data collection and the use of artificial intelligence. Traditional assessment techniques in the fields of psychology, business, education, and health need to be reconsidered. Yet, while technology is pervasive, its spread is not consistent due to national diffe...

The Progressive-Restricted method (PR) increases the safety of Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT). However, little is known about the effect of the acceleration parameter on precision and safety. Therefore, we evaluated the PR with different acceleration parameters in CATs with fixed and variable-length. We combined item selection methods (Maximum...

Many studies acknowledge the importance of social–emotional skills¹ (SEMS) to function in contemporary society. Understanding these skills and how these develop presents several conceptual and methodological challenges, with emerging consensus on what kind of skills should be fostered in education. Less work, however, has considered SEMS specifical...

The Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2) assesses personality through the big five factor model model (FFM). This study aimed to verify whether the internal structure of the BFI-2 is corroborated in a Brazilian sample. Participants were 908 cisgender adults, aged between 17 and 93 years, 532 of whom were women. Confirmatory factor analysis and Exploratory...

The Brazilian High School Exam (Enem) results are used to enter higher education and obtain scholarships and study financing. The Enem comprises an essay and four 45-item tests that measure educational skills in different areas of knowledge. Therefore, this work aims to verify the possibility of reducing the number of items in Enem through a Comput...

The overall aim of this study was to discuss the main innovations in psychological assessment made possible by the existence of social networks. More specifically, we characterize the practices (and weaknesses) of conventional psychological assessment, the most modern methods of computational psychometry and examples of applications of computationa...

The Reasoning Tests Battery (BPR-5) is widely used in Brazil for the assessment of intelligence. It has three different forms: children (1st to 6th grade of elementary school), Form A (7th to 9th grade of elementary school) and Form B (high school and higher education). This study describes the steps followed to create a common metric across the fo...

O objetivo deste estudo foi obter evidências da fidedignidade e da validade convergente e discriminante do Teste de Raciocínio Abstrato e Espacial (TRAE). O TRAE e a BPR-5 (subtestes RA, RE, RV e RN) foram aplicados em 149 estudantes do ensino médio (52,3% do sexo masculino; Midade=16,98, DP=0,87). Os escores da escala geral do TRAE apresentaram co...

RESUMO No contexto educacional, cada vez mais, uma série de habilidades, além das cognitivas, vêm sendo valorizadas. Dentre elas, os construtos de criatividade e competências socioemocionais, foco do estudo. Tendo como objetivo investigar a relação entre os dois construtos, a amostra foi composta por 362 estudantes do 3o(n = 168) e 5o ano (n = 194)...

Responding to the need for school-based, broadly applicable, low-cost, and brief assessments of socio-emotional skills, we describe the conceptual background and empirical development of the SENNA inventory and provide new psychometric information on its internal structure. Data were obtained through a computerized survey from 50,000 Brazilian stud...

Educational practitioners have been increasingly interested in the use of formative assessment and rubrics to develop social-emotional skills in children and adolescents. Although social-emotional rubrics are nowadays commonly used, a thorough evaluation of their psychometric properties has not been conducted. In this scoping review, we examine the...

O Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (Enem) tem como objetivos, dentre outros, possibilitar o ingresso no ensino superior e a obtenção de bolsas e financiamentos de estudo. O Enem é composto por quatro testes de 45 itens aplicados em papel e uma redação. O tamanho de um teste está associado à fadiga, que pode comprometer a validade dos resultados de um...

Responding to the need for school-based, broadly applicable, low-cost, and brief assessments of socio-emotional skills, we describe the conceptual background and empirical development of the SENNA inventory and provide psychometric information on validity, reliability and norms.

Incremental validity indicates how much a measure can add prevision to a criterion, more than what can be previewed by other sources of data. In other words, it means how an instrument can complement and aid on information comprehension derived from another. The objective of the study was to verify evidence of incremental validity between the Warte...

Despite the increasing attention to social-emotional skills' development, few attempts have been made to develop rubrics to formatively assess these skills in classrooms and evaluate their psychometric properties. This research aimed to develop rubrics for the social-emotional skill domains of Self-management and Open-mindedness and assess their ps...

O estudo buscou investigar as evidências de validade de critério de um instrumento intitulado Triagem de Indicadores de Altas Habilidades/Superdotação (AH/S). A escala, respondida pelo professor, avalia o desenvolvimento do estudante em cinco áreas: capacidade intelectual geral, habilidades acadêmicas específicas, liderança, criatividade e talento...

A presente pesquisa correlacionou dados provenientes da aplicação do teste de Inteligência BPR-5 com uma avaliação escolar de matemática e língua portuguesa em uma amostra de 679 alunos do nono ano do ensino fundamental de quatro escolas de uma rede particular de ensino. Os resultados dessas avaliações se mostraram fortemente correlacionados e esta...

Acquiescence, the tendency to agree regardless of the content of an item, is a commonly observed response style that may distort respondent scores. In the current study, we: (a) revised basic concepts of methods for measuring and controlling acquiescence, (b) describe some important properties of balanced scales, (c) examine if methods of controlli...

Whereas the structure of individual differences in many social and emotional attributes is well understood in adults, much less work has been done in children and adolescents. The main goals of this research were to specify the major content domains that are assessed across multiple socioemotional instruments (self-esteem, grit, self-efficacy, stre...

What type of items, keyed positively or negatively, makes social-emotional skill or personality scales more valid? The present study examines the different criterion validities of true- and false-keyed items, before and after correction for acquiescence. The sample included 12,987 children and adolescents from 425 schools of the State of São Paulo...

Acquiescence is a commonly observed response style that may distort respondent scores. One approach to control for acquiescence involves creating a balanced scale and computing sum scores. Other model-based approaches may explicitly include an acquiescence factor as part of a factor analysis or multidimensional item response model. Under certain as...

A história da avaliação psicológica no Brasil é encontrada de maneira dispersa, existindo a necessidade de congregar essa informação, assim como os marcos da sua evolução. O seu desenvolvimento se torna mais nítido a partir dos últimos 20 anos, com a fundação do Instituto Brasileiro de Avaliação Psicológica e do apoio ao movimento pelo Conselho Fed...

Likert‐type self‐report scales are frequently used in large‐scale educational assessment of social‐emotional skills. Self‐report scales rely on the assumption that their items elicit information only about the trait they are supposed to measure. However, different response biases may threaten this assumption. Specifically, in children, the response...

The development and promotion of social-emotional skills in childhood and adolescence contributes to subsequent well-being and positive life outcomes. However, the assessment of these skills is associated with conceptual and methodological challenges. This review discusses how social-emotional skill measurement in youth could be improved in terms o...

The Wartegg Test is composed of eight squares with small graphical stimuli in which the person must elaborate drawings from them. Although existing for almost 80 years, it still features inconsistencies in terms of validity evidence and, therefore, its use in decision making. This research aimed to propose a new mode for coding and interpretation f...

The Wartegg Test is composed of eight squares with small graphical stimuli in which the person must elaborate drawings from them. Although existing for almost 80 years, it still features inconsistencies in terms of validity evidence and, therefore, its use in decision making. This research aimed to propose a new mode for coding and interpretation f...

This paper studied the application of an extended version of the Item Response Theory, the 4-parameter model (4PL), in the item analysis of Human Figure Drawing (HFD). HFD score drawing might serve as indicators of cognitive development. This model incorporates an upper asymptotic parameter (parameter d) admitting the possibility that children with...

Resumo: Na primeira parte, esse artigo fará um enquadramento amplo da avaliação psicológica dentre as atividades profissionais do psicólogo e uma breve descrição reflexiva histórica, dos últimos 18 anos, dos esforços empreendidos pelo Conselho Federal de Psicologia na tentativa de regulamentação da área, focando nas lições aprendidas. Na segunda pa...

Likert-type self-report scales are frequently used in large-scale educational assessment of social-emotional skills. Self-report questionnaires rely on the assumption that their items elicit information only about the trait they are supposed to measure. However, different response biases may threat this assumption. Specifically in children, the res...

Wartegg is an expressive graphic test focused on identifying aspects of personality. In order to find evidence of criterion validity for the same, this study included 40 individuals, equally divided into two groups, one consisting of schizophrenics and the other of subjects with no history of psychiatric pathology. After all participants had respon...

When analyzed via item response theory, Likert-type items are modeled by estimating a set of thresholds (i.e., parameters that inform on the latent trait level required for endorsing a given scale option) that are assumed to be invariant across the population of individuals. If persons vary in response styles this assumption may not hold. This is c...

In order to find validity evidence based on the internal structure of the Scale of Learning Styles in Technology Use Situations, 378 university students, from different institutions of higher education and eight majors, responded to the instrument. Exploratory Factor Analysis, based on the tetrachoric correlations matrix of the items, allowed the i...

Atualmente, alguns autores entendem que os mecanismos de defesa são organizados em um continuum que varia de imaturo a defesas mais maduras. Sob essa perspectiva, foi desenvolvido o Defensive Style Questionnaire 40 (DSQ-40), sendo um instrumento de autorrelato composto por 40 itens que devem ser respondidos em uma escala Likert de sete pontos, dist...

This study of depression assessment aims to demonstrate the process of joint calibration and transfer standards between the internationally recognized BDI and EBADEP-A, a new instrument recently validated in Brazil. In addition to the illustration of methodological procedures, our study is intended to contribute to the elaboration of normative refe...

This study aimed to develop an instrument for personality disorders assessment and seek for validity evidence based on the internal structure of this instrument. The developed instrument, the Dimensional Inventory of Personality Disorders (IDTP), was applied to 350 participants, from 1 8 to 67 years, of both sexes. First and second order explorator...

In Brazil, studies investigating the personality characteristics of chronic pain patients are scarce. The present study aimed to evaluate the personality characteristics of patients with chronic pain and to compare them with those of patients without this condition. To this end, the Personality Disorders Dimensional Inventory and the Hypochondriasi...

p class="Abstract">We test the utility of the Battery for Giftedness Assessment (BaAH/S) in identifying differences in two groups of already known gifted students in the areas of academic and artistic talents. Four latent factors were assessed (a) fluid intelligence, (b) metaphor production (verbal creativity), (c) figural fluency (figural creativi...

Individuals differ in the way they use rating scales to describe themselves, and these differences are particularly pronounced in children and early adolescents. One promising remedy is to correct (or “anchor”) an individual’s responses according to the way they use the scale when they rate an anchoring vignette (a set of hypothetical targets diffe...

Whereas the structure of individual differences in personal attributes is well understood in adults, much less work has been done in children and adolescents. On the assessment side, numerous instruments are in use for children but they measure discordant attributes, ranging from one single factor (self-esteem; grit) to three factors (social, emoti...

This study aimed to investigate validity evidence of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory (IDCP) through the expected associations with the five-factor model (FFM), especially in regard to the prototype matching of personality disorders. A non-clinical sample (N=94), aged between 19 and 55 years (M=25.5; SD=7.35), and 59.6% male, answered...

Professional interests are a synthesis of personal characteristics and function as a guiding factor for one's career choice. This study shows evidence of validity and reliability for the interpretation of the scores of a measure of career types. The responses of 1,265 high school students to 154 items from the Escala de Avaliação dos Tipos Profissi...

O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar a análise dos itens de uma bateria para avaliação das altas habilidades/ superdotação. A amostra foi composta por 987 crianças e adolescentes, sendo 523 mulheres, com idades entre 8 e 17 anos (Média = 11,5 e Desvio-Padrão = 1,89). A bateria para avaliação das altas habilidades/superdotação, composta por...

The aim of the study was to verify the predictive power for learning potential in inductive reasoning as assessed by the Dynamic Assessment Approach of children’s inductive reasoning regarding academic performance. A total of 317 children, of both genders, from the 1st to 5th grades participated in the study. The sample was submitted to the Dynamic...

Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver um instrumento de caráter dimensional para avaliação dos transtornos da personalidade baseado na teoria de Millon e nos critérios diagnósticos do DSM-IV-TR, e buscar evidências de validade com base na estrutura interna e índices de fidedignidade dos fatores. Para tanto, foi desenvolvido e aplicado um teste...

The association between intelligence and academic achievement is well established. However, how this relationship changes throughout schooling remains undefined. In this 3-year longitudinal study, 284 Portuguese middle school students completed three reasoning subtests (abstract, numerical, and verbal) by the end of 7th grade (intelligence), and th...

The purpose of the present study was to use the Partial Credit Model to study the factors of the Test of Creativity in Children and identify which characteristics of the creative person would be more effective to differentiate subjects according to their ability level. A sample of 1426 students from first to eighth grades answered the instrument. T...

This article presents a new method for the assessment of creativity in tasks such as "The camel is ... of the desert." More specifically, the study uses Tourangeau and Sternberg's (1981) domain interaction model to produce an objective system for scoring metaphors produced by raters and the many-facet Rasch measurement to model the rating scale str...

This study examined self-reported drug use (legal, illegal, and psychotropic) and creativity (using self-assessments, behavioral checklists, and a photo caption task). Drug usage was first analyzed using EFA and CFA; these factors were then entered into SEM analyses in order to predict creativity on each of the four measures while controlling for o...

The development and validation of the Brazilian Temperament Scale for Students (BTSS) are examined through the use of data from 1,258 children and adolescents, ages 10 through 21 (M = 15.0, SD = 2.1, 56% females). Three psychometric properties of BTSS are reported: its internal structure (e.g., validity), its reliability, and cut points to best dis...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory (DC-PI) using Rasch-based person and item analysis. 1281 participants were recruited, between 18 and 90 years of age (M=26.64; SD=8.94), 431 men (33.6 %). Of the total sample, 127 (9.9 %) were patients diagnosed with axis I disorders and/or axis...

Resumen The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the Brazilian version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) using Rasch-based person and item analysis. For this purpose, 271 participants were recruited, between 18 and 51 years of age (M=23.61; SD=6.12), 187 (69%) female and 84 men, all Brazilian college students. Participants res...

This research aimed to study creative skills in educational context. We evaluated 193 high school students from Portugal in relation to: same grade and different curriculum areas (Visual Arts - VA; Science and Technology - ST); same curriculum area and different grade (10 and 12); relationship between school performance and creative skills in diffe...

O tema das altas habilidades/superdotacao, no cenario da avaliacao psicologica, tem se constituido um desafio, haja vista a sua multidimensionalidade. Nesse estudo buscou-se investigar a validade de construto da Bateria para Avaliacao das Altas Habilidades. Participaram desta pesquisa 588 alunos do 2o ano do ensino fundamental ao 3o ano do ensino m...

This study was aimed at: (a) developing an instrument for personality assessment according to Cattell’s model, in which the 16PF is based on; and (b) carrying out an empirical analysis of the internal structure of the instrument. Three hundred and forty seven people, mostly female (67.4%), attending higher education (62.5%) and aged between 16 and...

Ability testing has been criticized because understanding of the construct being assessed is incomplete and because the testing has not yet been satisfactorily improved in accordance with new knowledge from cognitive psychology. This article contributes to the solution of this problem through the application of item response theory and Susan Embret...

Os instrumentos de avaliação da inteligência emocional por desempenho normalmente apresentam fotos de pessoas expressando emoções. O presente estudo teve como objetivo criar e executar um procedimento sistemático para filmagem de pessoas que pudesse gerar trechos de vídeo contendo expressões emocionais, de maneira que possam ser usados para uma ava...

Resumo A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar as propriedades psicométricas da versão revisada da dimensão Necessidade de Atenção do Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade (IDCP). Para isso foram 120 participantes compondo o estudo, com idade variando entre 17 e 54 anos (M= 24,6; DP=7,96), sendo 96 mulheres (80%). Todos os sujei...

A percepção de emoções é apresentada como uma das capacidades de inteligência emocional. O Teste Informatizado de Percepção de Emoções Primárias foi construído com a proposta de avaliar este construto, e a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo estudar suas características psicométricas, mais especificamente sua estrutura fatorial, índices de ajuste,...

Emotional perception is presented as one of the abilities in emotional intelligence. The Computerized Test of Primary Emotions Perception was built with the purpose of evaluating this construct, and the present study aimed to study its psychometric properties, specifically its factorial structure, indices of fit, reliability and DIF. Participants w...

The instruments for emotional intelligence assessment based on performance usually use pictures of people expressing emotion. The present study aimed to create and implement a systematic procedure for filming people that could generate snippets of emotional expressions in a way that could be used for an assessment that is more close to reality. We...

This study investigated the psychometric properties of the re-vised scale of conscientiousness of a clinical personality inven-tory (Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade, IDCP). One hundred and twenty participants (68 women; 56.7%) aged 18 to 53 years (mean = 22.58, standard deviation = 6.19) were recruited by convenience and answered th...

This study aimed to review the literature based on national database, verifying surveys published in scientific journals in the area personality assessment related to the Online Social Networks, specifically the Facebook. Through the descriptors " facebook" and "personality", in Portuguese and English, we found 25 results that had the titles and ab...

Atualmente, alguns autores entendem que os mecanismos de defesa são organizados em um continuum que varia de imaturo a defesas mais maduras. Sob essa perspectiva, foi desenvolvido o Defensive Style Questionnaire 40 (DSQ-40), sendo um instrumento de autorrelato composto por 40 itens que devem ser respondidos em uma escala Likert de sete pontos, dist...

Dynamic testing, with an intermediate phase of assistance, measures changes between pretest and post-test assuming a common metric between them. To test this assumption we applied the Item Response Theory in the responses of 69 children to dynamic cognitive testing Children's Analogical Thinking Modifiability Test adapted, with 12 items, totaling 8...

This study aimed to find evidence of validity based on the relationship with external variables to Personality Disorders Dimensional Inventory (PDDI), including convergent and discriminant validity by correlating the test with the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III (MCMI-III) and criterion validity seeking to predict the presence of psychiatr...

The present study aimed to investigate if the Musical Auditory Reasoning Test (RAu) evaluates a specific ability related to auditory reasoning (Ga), or if the instrument is presented as a test for fluid intelligence (Gf) or specific knowledge (Gkn) assessment. In addition, we sought to verify the RAu's capacity to differentiate individuals into dif...

This study aimed to find evidence of validity based on the relationship with external variables to Personality Disorders Dimensional Inventory (PDDI), including convergent and discriminant validity by correlating the test with the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III (MCMI-III) and criterion validity seeking to predict the presence of psychiatr...

Assisted cognitive tests, that include assistance from an examiner, analyze the process of problem solving and the learning potential, complementing traditional psychometric assessment. They are especially useful for cases of special educational needs (SEN). This study analyzed the relationship between the performance of children with and without s...

The present paper describes the Flynn effect, understood as the gains observed in measures of intelligence over time. To facilitate the understanding of the effect some ideas about psychometric intelligence are presented, especially those that suggest a hierarchical organization of cognitive abilities, differing more general factors over specific f...

In order to verify the factorial structures of the Torrance verbal and figural tests, two activities of each instrument were applied with 193 students from the 10th and 12th years of education in Portugal. We tried to demonstrate that the collinearity of the fluency and flexibility variables could create methodological artifacts that hinder the und...

Sex differences on the Attention Test (AC), the Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM), and the Brazilian Cognitive Battery (BPR5), were investigated using four large samples (total N = 6780), residing in the states of Minas Gerais and Sao Paulo. The majority of samples used, which were obtained from educational settings, could be considered a...

Background: The Battery of Reasoning Tests 5 (BPR-5) aims to assess the reasoning ability of individuals, using sub-tests with different formats and contents that require basic processes of inductive and deductive reasoning for their resolution. The BPR has three sequential forms: BPR-5i (for children from first to fifth grade), BPR-5 - Form A (fo...

The present study aimed to investigate if the Musical Auditory Reasoning Test (RAu) evaluates a specific ability related to auditory reasoning (Ga), or if the instrument is presented as a test for fluid intelligence (Gf) or specific knowledge (Gkn) assessment. In addition, we sought to verify the RAu’s capacity to differentiate individuals into dif...