Ricardo-J. Machado

• Professor
• Faculty Member at University of Minho

The City Catalyst project aims to enhance better urban management, implementing the concept of sustainability and enabling semantic interoperability in cities in Smart Cities. Therefore, this paper presents a contextualization of Smart Cities and an overview of the remaining gaps that persist in terms of semantic interoperability. An introduction i...

Companies have invested in Domain-Driven Design to support data-driven business, but this strategy has led to bottlenecks, demanding the decentralisation of analytical data by domain. This paper proposes a converged strategy for a domain-specific decentralisation of analytical data. Sequentially applied, the elicitation of cloud computing microserv...

The industrial domain has faced an increase of complexity, mainly due to recent technological evolutions—from sensors, connectivity, platforms, etc. Main consortiums in this domain have proposed their reference models to ease development of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) or Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT); however, companies still struggle to design thei...

The garment ecosystem is characterized by a diversity of production systems and equipment, which implies dealing with the integration of different domains, communication requirements, and technological heterogeneity. In modeling such an environment is vital to promote independence between architectural components, bearing the required deployment fl...

CONTROLAR provides Bosch with an intelligent functional testing machine used to test the correct functioning of the car radios produced. During this process, the radios are submitted to several tests, raising the problem of how the machine detects errors in several radios consecutively, making it impossible to know if the device has a problem since...

Projects at large-scale have been adopting agile practices in order to optimize how a group of teams deliver software, however has facing issues when dealing with work items that are dependent on each other, need for well-defined interfaces and shared understanding of the existing knowledge. Systems thinking and modeling can have important contribu...

The constant change and rising complexity of organizations, mainly due to the transforming nature of their business processes, has driven the increase of interest in business process management by organizations. It is recognized that knowing business processes can help to ensure that the software under development will meet the business needs. Some...

Nowadays, numerous organisations of different dimensions and business sectors operate in highly challenging and dynamic environments, wherein the supporting information systems (IS) are becoming increasingly complex. In this context, assistive tools capable of tackling such complexity have the potential to aid users improving their performance and...

In an effort to reduce the crises of people with autism spectrum disorder and increase their safety, a study was conducted on home automation so that, through a medical protocol, it will be possible to configure situations and actions that should be put into practice when the system identifies that the autistic stress level is high. In addition, so...

The integration of disruptive technologies into the industrial value chain has built the foundation for the fourth industrial revolution. For a company that wants to embark in this digital transformation, a set of issues remain doubtful, uncertain and unsolved. Thus, is essential to assist companies in transitioning to digital transformation techno...

The purpose of this research is to provide more comfort in the life of the Northeasterners, more precisely those who live in the interior of the Northeast, using resources already present in their daily lives with the help of technology, and for that, the cactaceae will be studied and used. mandacaru (cereus jamacaru), a wild card from the hinterla...

Lean Thinkingaligned with Information technology can promote competitiveness for modern enterprises, while improve the performance of technological activities and eliminate no value-added tasks to the design process of product. The paper is a contextualization of the current wastes evidenced during the research work carried out in a company that su...

The study presented in this paper was developed in an academic environment. All subjects involved in this research are enrolled in the Information Systems Master’s Degree of the University of Minho. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate the need for the continuity of studies about the risks presented in software development projects. F...

Software architecture design, when performed in context of agile software development (ASD), sometimes referred to as “agile architecting,” promotes the emerging and incremental design of the architectural artifact in a sense of avoiding “big design upfront” (BDUF). This chapter presents the Agile Modeling Process for Logical Architectures (AMPLA)...

Cities are multifaceted and highly complex interconnected systems of people, objects, and machines, bringing endless design, construction, and operational challenges. To be intelligent, the parts of a city and the relationships and connectivity among them need to be smart. Much work has been done on models and reference architectures for intelligen...

Industry 4.0 (I4.0), Smart Manufacturing, Industrial Internet, Intelligent Manufacturing, and so forth, are different designations for different initiatives, all contributing to the digital transformation of the industrial ecosystem. Besides several reference models/architectures have been developed, a framework to structure and understand the impl...

For Cyber-physical systems (CPSs), whose task is to test industrial products, to carry out these tests, highly qualified engineers are always needed to design the tests, since the computational part of the tests is programmed in low-level languages. To optimize this process, it is necessary to create an abstraction of current methods so that tests...

This work aims to make a comparative analysis of the Lean Inception methodology and the Scrum methodology applied in the initiation phase of the embedded software project that consists of a small greenhouse for the indoor cultivation of sage, controlled by a cell phone application. The Lean Inception methodology is a combination of Lean Startup and...

Skin cancer is the most common among all cancers and its early diagnosis increases the patient’s chances of healing. One of the ways to make this diagnosis is through dermatoscopy. Dermatoscopy is a technique that consists of recognizing structures present in the skin, not visible to the naked eye. Therefore, for assisting the use of dermatoscopy b...

Smart city is a multi-faceted concept perceived in many different perspectives. Cities are multidimensional and highly complex interconnected systems of people, software, machines, and data, bringing new design, construction, and operational challenges. Work has been done on models and reference architectures for smart cities that can help to cope...

This paper presents a framework to classify empirical studies Performed in an educational context. The scheme of the framework is explained along with all their components. The main goal of the framework is to provide a classification scheme for understanding and evaluating empirical studies in software engineering area in an educational context. W...

This study aims to help academics and practitioners to realise the benefits resulting from collaborative university-industry research and development (R&D), by identifying the most critical factors for benefits' realisation. A literature review was conducted allowing us to compile a list of 33 most acknowledged benefits resulting from university-in...

Purpose University–industry projects provide special challenges in understanding and expressing the values required of project management (PM) in delivering stakeholder benefits. This paper presents a framework for understanding, identifying and managing the values of PM in major university–industry R&D projects. Design/methodology/approach The va...

Adopting microservices architectures (MSA) in software projects include specific concerns on design, development and deployment. Projects often struggle for taking decisions for properly bound the microservices, partition databases, address communication and messaging, among others. Proposing a model-driven approach allows abstracting microservices...

Adopting microservices architectures (MSA) in software projects include specific concerns on design, development and deployment. Projects often struggle for taking decisions for properly bound the microservices, partition databases, address communication and messaging, among others. Proposing a model-driven approach allows abstracting microservices...

Collaborations between university and industry are possibly the most important strategic instrument used to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of industrial investments in Research and Development (R&D), and have been increasing, which assigns even more importance to the need for measuring their performance. Therefore, a method to measure un...

This paper describes the results of a qualitative study to identify the key management initiatives in a successful university-industry (UI) collaborative funded program between the University of Minho (UMinho) and Bosch Car Multimedia Portugal (Bosch), named IC-HMI. The IC-HMI program embraced an overall investment of 54.7 M€ and involved around 50...

The use of microservices architectures has been widely adopted in software development, especially for cloud-based solutions. Developing such solutions faces several challenges beyond typical architecture and service design concerns, including service exposition (API), inter-service communication, and infrastructure deployment, among others. Althou...

Software architecture design, when performed in context of agile software development (ASD), sometimes referred as “agile architecting”, promotes the emerging and incremental design of the architectural artifact, in a sense of avoiding “big design upfront” (BDUF). Performing “agile architecting” is not always straightforward, mainly because the arc...

Industrial paradigms such as Industry 4.0 (I4.0), also known as Industrial Internet of Things ( IIoT ), provide an insight into the use of underlying Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in an integrated manner. In order to follow the IoT vision and gain the inherent benefits, industrial information systems providers have been modernizing their so...

The strategy definition in organizations and its implementation by projects has been difficult to achieve. Project portfolio management processes provide the linkage between the organization’s strategic objectives and their programs and projects. It is worthless to have the latest technology and resources to develop projects, if there are no organi...

This paper describes the results of a qualitative study consisting in the development of a framework, which aims to help stakeholders involved in managing collaborative university-industry R&D projects within a program, with a set of key distinct project management (PM) practices for this particular context. A first attempt at the conceptualization...

This paper aims to contribute to knowledge by presenting the lessons learned resultant from a large case study composed by three collaborative University-Industry R&D funded programs between the University of Minho (UMinho) and Bosch Car Multimedia Portugal (Bosch). The three programs selected amount to a total investment of above €109 million, ove...

The purpose of this paper is to develop and test an extension of a previously conceived framework for improving and embedding project management (PM) practice in organisations. The framework identifies the most useful project management improvement initiatives (PMIIs) and the key factors for embedding PM practice. However, professionals need guidan...

O presente documento visa a apresentação, de forma sistematizada, de um Modelo de Governação, cujo objetivo é o de providenciar funções e responsabilidades, processos e ferramentas que ajudem a garantir a governação dos Programas e Projetos desenvolvidos em contexto colaborativo entre Universidade-Industria (UI), no âmbito de programas de financiam...

Universities are centers of knowledge in our societies and their role when it comes to innovation has become more important over the years. Companies have several reasons to engage in research collaborations with universities, namely to gain access to innovative technologies. University-Industry R&D collaborations are expected to play an important...

The constant change and rising complexity of organizations, mainly due to the transforming nature of their business processes, has driven the increase of interest in business process management by organizations. It is recognized that knowing business processes can help to ensure that the software under development will meet the business needs. Some...

The transformation of requirements specification into an architectural design has been a crucial endeavor for the information systems analysis and design community, with ever-new challenges to tackle. Despite the wide and diverse existing proposals, the lack of a common structure and use of different strategies makes it close to impossible to analy...

This paper describes the results of a qualitative study to develop a framework to demonstrate the value of using PM in collaborative university-industry R&D. The value of PM has been studied in the last decada by several researchers. However, the use of PM in the context of university-industry R&D collaborations appears to be limited. A first attem...

This paper aims to help stakeholders involved in collaborative university-industry R&D initiatives by presenting a hybrid project management (PM) approach, with a set of key distinct PM practices for this particular context. Collaborative university-industry R&D initiatives are usually organized as programs with a set of related projects associated...

University-industry R&D collaborations are increasing and being encouraged by governments as a mean of enhancing wealth creation. Those help industries to foster innovation and its level of competitiveness and universities to improve their academic results as well as their sources of funding. While there are available several IT project management...

This paper presents a mapping between the artefacts from the two recognized portfolio management standards: the 'Standard for Portfolio Management' from Project Management Institute (PMI) and the 'Management of Portfolios' (MoP) from Axelos developed by the Office Government Commerce (OGC). The purpose of this paper is to increase our understanding...

Digitization of industrial processes has enabled access to production data from external entities within the supply chain. While interoperability standards and protocols support data integration, horizontally and vertically, within the factory, the design of production integration solutions often are not performed adequately. This paper presents th...

Model artifacts in agile software development (or agile modeling) are used to establish a shared understanding on the requirements that the items from the product backlog will address. A common challenge is to have a proper balance between the project's agility and architecture. This shared understanding gains more importance in large-scale context...

Due to massive amounts of data transfer between smart devices, the adoption of mobile Internet and Internet of Things (IoT) within Cloud Computing applications has resulted in numerous issues including data decentralizing challenges. As a resolution, a new service-oriented approach called Fog Computing has appeared to resolve at least some of these...

This paper aims to help professionals and academics involved in collaborative university-industry R&D programs and projects, by presenting a conceptual social media tool that can be used to improve communication and collaboration between internal stakeholders. The social media tool conceptualization was developed based on a case study research stra...

Models provide are beneficial when the solution has a perceived complexity, and may be used as a shared understanding when the project is composed by distributed teams. However, the use of models needs contextualization for agile-oriented backlog items. This paper proposes a process for modeling in UML a set of "just-enough" requirements and a cand...

Models may be used as a shared understanding when the project is composed by distributed agile teams. This paper describes the applicability of a process for modeling a small set of requirements and a candidate architecture for a distributed Scrum teams context, addressing the use of such models within the delivery of user stories included in a tea...

While the literature provides some advice on managing programmes and projects in general, the specific context of the university–industry collaboration is being scarcely reported, demanding a strong research effort to produce effective guidelines. Pursuing this effort, a Programme and Project Management Office (PgPMO) structure, specifically devote...

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This paper describes a method specially devoted to quantitatively measure the success of collaborative university-industry R&D funded contracts, which could be managed as a singular project or a program of projects. The method aims to measure the success throughout the program/project lifecycle, combining both retrospective (lagging) and prospectiv...

The term Big Data can be defined as analysis a large volume of data in unstructured databases, organizations of different segment and size, has been employing the Big Data Analytics philosophy as support tool strategic to anticipate valuable insights and trends on the behavior of consumers and their expectations, thus gaining a competitive advantag...

This paper describes a method specially devoted to measure quantitatively the success of collaborative university-industry R&D funded contracts, which could be managed as a singular project or a program. The method aims to measure the success throughout the program/project lifecycle, combining both retrospective (lagging) and prospective (leading)...

The automotive industry is facing new challenges resulting from recent technological evolutions. Software is having a major impact on the level of func-tionality being delivered by systems present in vehicles and the role of software is believed to be more relevant in the future. This stresses organizations in the automotive domain to improve their...

This paper presents a benefits management (BM) approach adopted during the planning of a collaborative university-industry R&D funded program, named IC-HMI Program, in order to pursue benefits realization. The BM approach embraced four main phases: ‘Identify expected benefits’; ‘Plan benefits realization’; ‘Pursue benefits realization’; and ‘Transf...

Agile Software Development (ASD) is a movement that emerged in the late 1990’s and since then has been increasingly adopted by organizations. They are successful in projects characterized by rapid changes, small teams and small cycles. Implementing the same agile philosophy but with an increase of complexity, i.e., large-scale agile (LSA) developme...

Specifying functional requirements brings many difficulties namely when regarding the cloud services. During the analysis phase, the alignment between the process-level requirements (information systems) with the product-level requirements (service-based software) may not be properly achieved or even understood. In this chapter, we describe an appr...

The lack of preparation of Software Engineering (SE) graduates for a professional career is a common complaint raised by industry practitioners. One approach to solving, or at least mitigating, this problem is the adoption of the Project-Based Learning (PBL) training methodology. Additionally, the involvement of students in real industrial projects...

A new program and project management (PgPM) approach especially devoted to support collaborative university-industry R&D funded contracts is being developed from an exploratory study. This paper describes how the identified key program management activities/practices are dependent on the program stakeholders’ characteristics, namely contractual rel...

A new program and project management (PgPM) approach especially devoted to support collaborative university-industry R&D funded contracts is being developed from an exploratory study. This paper describes how the identified key program management activities/practices are dependent on the program stakeholders’ characteristics, namely contractual rel...

Among the decisions that software development organizations need to take is to define which projects should developed, as these are, ultimately, the reason for their existence. This decision is part of a broader decision-making process than the strictly project management efforts of every day, involving aspects that go beyond the limits of a projec...

Empirical studies are important in software engineering to evaluate new tools, techniques, methods and technologies. In object-oriented analysis, use case models describe the functional requirements of a software system, so they can be the basis for software measurement and sizing. The purpose of this study is to develop a new metric called Archite...

Agile Software Development (ASD) has been increasingly adopted by organizations. They are successful in projects characterized by rapid changes, small teams and small cycles [1]. Implementing the same agile philosophy but with an increase of complexity, i.e., large-scale agile development [2], have faced some critics, requiring additional concerns...

Agile Software Development (ASD) is a movement that emerged in the late 1990’s and since then has been increasingly adopted by organizations. They are successful in projects characterized by rapid changes, small teams and small cycles. Implementing the same agile philosophy but with an increase of complexity, i.e., large-scale agile (LSA) developme...

Software projects are no longer managed in isolation, but as a core business activity increasingly exposed to a high-level of rigor and responsibility. In this context, portfolio management efforts should be adopted in order to meet the organization’s strategic goals. The Project Management Institute (PMI) has developed the ‘Standard for Portfolio...

This work aims to determine the impact of the agile methodologies usage in software development, in particular, the usefulness and impact of the adoption of Scrum in a real business scenario. The aim is thus whether the adoption and implementation of this methodology, has contributed, and to what extent, for the mitigation of the risk management of...

Conducting research and development (R&D) software projects, in an environment where both industry and university collaborate, is challenging due to many factors. In fact, industrial companies and universities have generally different interests and objectives whenever they collaborate. For this reason, it is not easy to manage and negotiate the ind...

Most artifacts developed during the requirements engineering process relate themselves in different ways. In order to understand in detail how they affect each other during the software development process, it is relevant to identify their interdependencies. This paper presents a systematization of the existing interdependencies between the differe...

The contrast between large urban centers and other isolated locations where even the most basic resources are scarce, leads the development of self-sustainable solutions, a panorama in which the electrical power is an important demand to be supplied. Through Bibliographic and Experimental research, plus practical implementation and testing, it was...

A requirement identifies an attribute, a capacity, a characteristic or a quality that a system should exhibit in order to have value for the users and customers. This chapter defines what is a requirement and presents the different types of requirements (functional requirement, non-functional requirement, user requirement, system requirement). The...

This chapter is focused on describing a set of practical recommendations to write requirements in good English (e.g., write simple sentences, use a limited vocabulary, and avoid ambiguity) and on analysing the structure of a document template for writing requirements. It is expected that the reader realises on the advantages that result in having r...

The chapter begins with a general discussion about the requirements engineering area, with the aim of introducing what is its scope of activity and what are its purposes. Next, the various activities that make up the requirements engineering process are presented, emphasising those activities that are deemed to be fundamental. The chapter closes wi...

The quality of a software application is highly dependent on its ability to meet the necessities of customers and users, so it is crucial to capture and specify all requirements that the system must possess. However, many projects have more candidate requirements than those that can be built without exceeding the available time and budget. This cha...

Software engineering is an engineering discipline that is focused on all aspects concerning the development of software-based systems. This chapter begins with an explanation of the contributions of software engineering to the issues related to requirements, discussing the possibility of adopting their methods on projects of other engineering disci...

This paper describes the results of a qualitative study to identify the key programme and project management practices in a successful university-industry collaborative funded innovation programme between the University of Minho (UMinho) and Bosch Car Multimedia Portugal (BOSCH), named – HMIExcel. While the literature provides some advice on managi...

While the literature provides some advice on managing programs and projects, the specific context of university industry collaboration, being scarcely reported, demands a strong research effort to produce effective guidelines. Pursuing this effort, a new program and project management (PgPM) approach specifically devoted to support collaborative un...