Riaan Mulder

Riaan Mulder
University of the Western Cape | uwc · Department of Prosthetic Dentistry

BChD (UWC), MSc (UWC) PhD (UWC)

About

60
Publications
17,811
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228
Citations
Additional affiliations
December 2019 - present
University of the Western Cape
Position
  • Lecturer
Description
  • Geriatric and Special Needs Dentistry The Simulator Dental Clinic
January 2014 - November 2019
University of the Western Cape
Position
  • Professor (Associate)
Education
January 2015 - August 2019
University of the Western Cape
Field of study
  • Dental Materials

Publications

Publications (60)
Article
Full-text available
The incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) is accelerating in the dental field and even patients are catching on to the trend. There is a form of perceived pressure mounting on practitioners to incorporate modern dental equipment and online services to accelerate treatment time or supplement the diagnosis with visual treatment planning. Many...
Article
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Background: Cytocompatibility should always be considered, especially if the surface of treated carious lesions is close to soft tissue or is accidentally exposed to the oral soft tissue by the clinician. Methods: The aim of the present study was to compare the cytocompatibility of two fluoride-containing liquids and two resin-containing restorati...
Article
Full-text available
Background: The use of SEM-EDS line scan analysis to evaluate the movement of ions from dental materials towards the tooth structure and the concept of ion movement is well established. This analysis technique was used to determine the ion movement of two commercially available silver- and fluoride-containing products. Methods: This study aimed...
Article
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Providing dental care for children with neurological special health care needs, including Down syndrome, Cerebral palsy and Autism spectrum disorders, is challenging. They often require repeat exposure to sedation or general anaesthesia for routine dental care. 51 parents of children with special needs completed a questionnaire regarding the accept...
Conference Paper
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Background: The study aimed to establish the changes in surface roughness over a 1 year period of immersion in acid or artifi cial saliva for three materials (Vitremer, Activa, Cention N). Methods: A total of 60 specimens were assessed for the three materials. The surface roughness(Ra) measurement was completed at various day intervals: 0, 1, 2, 7,...
Article
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Objectives: To compare the precision of two cephalometric landmark identification methods, namely a computer-assisted human examination software and an artificial intelligence program, based on South African data. Methods: This retrospective quantitative cross-sectional analytical study utilized a data set consisting of 409 cephalograms obtained...
Article
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Polymerisation shrinkage of composite resins is a clinical challenge which has been well documented in the literature. Many studies investigating polymerisation shrinkage stress measure cuspal deflection, which is a manifestation of this stress. The introduction of flowable bulk-fill composite (BFRBC) materials has streamlined the restorative proce...
Article
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Introduction: An increase in dentine thickness could result in an inadequate depth of laser energy penetration. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a 940 nm laser on Enterococcus faecalis through varying thicknesses of human root dentin slices. Methods: Thirty-five dentin slices of root dentin with thicknesses ranging between 500 and 3000 µm...
Article
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Objective Investigation of the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Materials and Methods Cross-sectional study of 66 HIV seropositive children, comprised of 28 (42.4%) females and 38 (57.6%) males (average age of 6 years). Study particip...
Article
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Oral health care workers (OHCW) are exposed to pathogenic microorganisms during dental aerosol-generating procedures. Technologies aimed at the reduction of aerosol, droplets and splatter are essential. This in vivo study assessed aerosol, droplet and splatter contamination in a simulated clinical scenario. The coolant of the high-speed air turbine...
Article
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Adapting Clinical Examination for Dentistry into a Covid-19 compliant environment.
Article
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ntroduction: An increase in dentine thickness could result in an inadequate depth of laser energy penetration. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a 940 nm laser on Enterococcus faecalis through varying thicknesses of human root dentin slices.Methods: Thirty-five dentin slices of root dentin with thicknesses ranging between 500 and 3000 μm w...
Article
Full-text available
Aerosol generation and a wide range of pathogens originating from the oral cavity of the patient contaminate various surfaces of the dental clinic. The aim was to determine the efficacy of vaporized hydrogen peroxide fogging on pathogens related to the dental environment and its possible application in dentistry. PICOS statement (Population, Interv...
Technical Report
Full-text available
Technical information provided for the Dental Aerosol Suction device (DASD). This device is available at www.amplitudeconsulting.net
Article
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Aim and objective: The study aimed to determine the efficacy of adding a 12% hydrogen peroxide dry hydrogen peroxide vapor fogger system as an additional layer of infection control in a dental surgery. Materials and methods: A total number of agar plates from the five locations were used during the treatment of the 22 patients (n = 440). During...
Article
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The present study investigate the optical density of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) at 450 nm (OD450 nm) as well as the change in surface roughness of three commercially available chitosan-and nanodiamond-modified glass ionomers. The results indicated that the optical density of S. mutans OD450 nm decreased significantly (p < 0.0001) from 0 h thr...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Objective: The aim of the study was to assess selected physical properties of glass ionomer restorative cements (GICs) after nanodiamond modification. The hypothesis was that the surface roughness, surface micro-hardness, compressive strength and the proportional limit of the modified GICs would be improved in relation to their respective commercia...
Article
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The reach of Coronavirus Disease - 2019 (COVID-19) has even reached the ethical guidelines for good practice from the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA).The health care worker should carefully consider the guidance outlined in several of the booklets as patient treatment has multiple dimensions where COVID-19 had impacted on clinica...
Article
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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak started just a couple of months ago and it grew rapidly causing several deaths and morbidities. The mechanism behind the transmission of the virus is still not completely understood despite a multitude of new specific manuscripts being published daily. This article highlights...
Article
Full-text available
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus was discovered in China in late 2019 and subsequently triggered a global pandemic. Dentists, like many other health professionals, are at an increased risk of contracting the virus as they work in close proximity to patients, especially when performing aerosol-generating procedures....
Article
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The emergence of the novel human coronavirus (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; abbreviated as: SARS-CoV-2) generally known as COVID-19 is a global health concern.1 On 11 February 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) named the novel viral pneumonia as “Corona Virus Disease” (COVID-19). The International Committee on Taxonomy of...
Article
Full-text available
The determination of the orthodontic brackets’ adaptation to the curvatures of teeth is a difficult topic to study. The complexity arise due to the different designs of their fitting surfaces, margins and curvatures of orthodontic brackets. Teeth on the other hand have variation in their curvatures and the question remains how well an orthodontic b...
Article
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Purpose: Three commercial restorative glass-ionomer cements (GICs) were modified with 5% and 10 wt/wt% nanodiamond (ND) particles incorporated into the powder of the GICs. The aim of the study was to assess the percentage of surface fluoride increase on different materials, following 2% neutral sodium fluoride gel application (2% NSF). Materials...
Article
Full-text available
Aim: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the effect of different manipulation techniques on the surface hardness of ChemFil Rock glass ionomer. Materials and methods: The changes in Vickers surface hardness (VH) of ChemFil Rock were evaluated after the application of five manipulation techniques and compared with one control group (n =...
Article
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Background: Children continue to suffer from the impact of the human immunodeficiency virus-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) pandemic. In Cape Town, these children receive medical care including antiretroviral therapy from facilities like Tygerberg Hospital's Paediatric Infectious Diseases Clinic. HIV-infected children may experience...
Article
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Purpose Ion release from glass ionomer restorative cements (GICs) plays an important role in GICs. The ion release from chitosan and nanodiamond-modified glass ionomers was assessed. Materials and methods Three GICs (Fuji IX, Ketac Universal and Riva Self Cure) were modified in the powder phase per weight by adding 5% or 10% of a commercially avai...
Article
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Background and objective: Besides hand-mixed formulations, glass-ionomer restorative materials are also available in sealed capsules. The main advantage of capsulated materials is that clinicians cannot alter the powder/liquid ratio. This research was conducted to investigate the consistency of the recommended powder/ liquid ratio by the manufactur...
Article
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Background and Objective: Literature suggests the use of thinner indirect partial coverage restorations. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of cavity design optimisation and bio-substitution with various cuspal and fissure designs, for indirect lithium disilicate partial coverage restorations. The influence on the init...
Article
Full-text available
The concentration of fluoride in potable water and the need for systemic fluoride supplementation has been debated for decades. The South African tap water supply was assessed in 1988 and 1992, and subsequently systemic fluoride supplementation recommendations were compiled. An updated supplementation table is required based on recent literature an...
Technical Report
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Systemic fluoride recommendation for South Africa based on the fluoride content of tooth paste and the municipally supplied water for each province.
Article
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Background The Powder/Liquid Ratio (PLR) influence, and the literature regarding the handling and physical properties of Glass Ionomer restorative materials (GIC) were investigated. Objective The objective of the study was to compare the PLR variability and magnitude in hand-mix GICs, as dispensed for clinical use. From the recorded individual pow...
Article
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Aim: The purpose of the study was to assess the marginal adaptation and discrepancy of SSC’s. Differences in adaptation and discrepancy between the four surfaces (mesial, lingual, distal, and buccal) were evaluated. Methods: The placement of stainless steel crowns were completed on a phantom head in accordance with the clinical technique. The ideal...
Article
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Objective: To investigate the presence of voids in bulk fill flowable composites. Methods: This study investigated two well-known bulk-fill flowable composites, Smart Dentin Replacement (SDR) (Dentsply/Caulk, Milford, Germany) and Filtek bulk fill flowable (FBF) (3M ESPE, Minnesota, USA). Three ampules of each material were randomly selected. The a...
Article
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BACKGROUND: Patients seeking treatment from general medical practitioners (GP) may be unaware or ill-informed that dentists are the more appropriate professionals to manage their orofacial symptoms, being able to diagnose and treat, or, if deemed necessary, appropriately refer. AIMS: To: (1) determine from a group of patients (n = 37) their initial...
Article
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In orthodontic practice, lasers have many common applications, including acceleration of tooth movement, bone remodeling, enamel etching prior to bonding, debonding of ceramic brackets, pain reduction after application of orthodontic forces and prevention of enamel demineralization. Soft-tissue applications such as frenectomies, gingival contouring...
Technical Report
Full-text available
Title: Restorative treatment of a restless kid’s primary molar. Case presentation of a restorative treatment approach for a child with copious amounts of saliva and the applied restoration technique with a Glass Ionomer Cement from 3M ESPE- Ketac Universal.
Article
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A laser is a device that delivers coherent, monochromatic and collimated light as a form of energy. Most dental laser devices emit invisible light in the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. On May 7, 1997, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) cleared for marketing in the United States the first erbium: yttrium - aluminum -garnet, or...
Article
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Ablation has been described as the expansive vaporisation of tissue. In periodontal procedures the ablation capacity of the laser can be used for excision and incision of pathology. The Erbium doped lasers can be used effectively for soft tissue procedures with or without water. It is essential that the air supply is turned off when soft tissue pro...
Article
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It is expected that most mouth guards will provide some level of protection to teeth. In this study a device was developed to measure the relative impact absorption of two different mouth guards (Proform, Type III vacuum-formed and Max, Type IV pressure laminate). Seven of each of the two types of mouth guards were made and each batch was exposed t...
Article
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Many clinicians will be faced with the un-cooperative paediatric patient presenting at their practices with a “fear of the unknown”. Establishing trust with these patients is essential in order to achieve a productive interaction with the child. The hard tissue lasers (Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG) have the advantage of not producing the high pitched soun...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
IADR Abstract Archives-Voids in bulk fill flowable composites https://iadr.abstractarchives.com/abstract/sa-iadr2016-2567104/voids-in-bulk-fill-flowable-composites 1/2 (/home) Voids in bulk ll owable composites Objectives: To determine the presence of voids in bulk ll owable composites. Methods: This study tested four bulk ll owable composites agai...
Chapter
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Book Description: Dental biomaterials and natural products represent two growing research fields, revealing that plant-derived compounds may play a role not only as nutraceuticals in affecting oral health but also in improving physicochemical properties of biomaterials used in dentistry. Recently, the role of free radicals in healthcare has attr...
Chapter
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Book Description: Dental biomaterials and natural products represent two growing research fields, revealing that plant-derived compounds may play a role not only as nutraceuticals in affecting oral health but also in improving physicochemical properties of biomaterials used in dentistry. Recently, the role of free radicals in healthcare has attr...
Article
Full-text available
Background/purposes: Recently various articles showed beneficial effects of the addition of different the beneficial effect (bond strength and longevity) of the addition of different bioactive compounds towards dental materials. compounds towards dental materials. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the addition of bioacti...
Article
Full-text available
In any repair of a tooth with permanent restorative materials, the interface is always a sensitive region. The appearance of adhesive materials was a great step forward in dealing with the problems of this region and improving the overall performance of the restorations. However, contemporary adhesive materials do have a major disadvantage, namely...
Article
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Background: To determine the total volumetric change and the relative speed of shrinkage of bulk fill flowable composites during polymerization. Materials and methods: A specially designed electronic mercury dilatometer was used to determine the volumetric change. The light intensity was 500mW/cm
Conference Paper
Full-text available
R. MULDER, Restorative Dentistry, University of Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa Objectives: To determine the total volumetric change and the relative speed of shrinkage of newly developed bulk fill flowable composites during polymerization. The possible effects of the different organic matrices and inorganic fillers on the polymerization shri...

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Question
 How should a "new" filler classification be approached and implemented?

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