Reza Zarei- Master of Science
- University of Stavanger
Reza Zarei
- Master of Science
- University of Stavanger
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Question (1)
There is a fresh water source with around 80 mg/L of Calcium to be used for Salmon farming (onshore) in an industrial large scale. As you know, at this level the water is moderately hard. Do you think this amount of Calcium (80 mg/l) is detrimental to fish (Alevin, Parr, or Smolt)? How about its effects on scaling or clogging the pipes and heat exchangers and so on?
If yes, which method would you suggest to eliminate/remove Calcium economically feasible: chemical precipitation, membrane separation, ion exchange, inhibiting scaling, or ....?
(As we know, there are many reports on the benefit of Calcium at low levels (10 mg/L) in fish hatchery, but could not find any reliable source for higher levels of hardness).
