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Publications (124)
The fundamental problem of toxicity detection lies in the fact that the term "toxicity" is ill-defined. Such uncertainty causes researchers to rely on subjective and vague data during model training, which leads to non-robust and inaccurate results, following the 'garbage in - garbage out' paradigm. This study introduces a novel, objective, and con...
We present a novel class of jailbreak adversarial attacks on LLMs, termed Task-in-Prompt (TIP) attacks. Our approach embeds sequence-to-sequence tasks (e.g., cipher decoding, riddles, code execution) into the model's prompt to indirectly generate prohibited inputs. To systematically assess the effectiveness of these attacks, we introduce the PHRYGE...
Social bots have become increasingly prominent in Online Social Networks, imitating human behavior and raising concerns about their deceptive capabilities. With advances in Generative AI, these bots are now able to generate highly realistic and complex content, making detection a significant challenge. While various bot detection approaches exist,...
We introduce a novel family of adversarial attacks that exploit the inability of language models to interpret ASCII art. To evaluate these attacks, we propose the ToxASCII benchmark and develop two custom ASCII art fonts: one leveraging special tokens and another using text-filled letter shapes. Our attacks achieve a perfect 1.0 Attack Success Rate...
The Internet of Things (IoT) stands as one of the most transformative technologies of our era, significantly enhancing the living conditions and operational efficiencies across various domains [...]
THIS ARTICLE USES WORDS OR LANGUAGE THAT IS CONSIDERED PROFANE, VULGAR, OR OFFENSIVE BY SOME READERS.
Different types of abusive content such as offensive language, hate speech, aggression, etc. have become prevalent in social media and many efforts have been dedicated to automatically detect this phenomenon in different resource-rich languages suc...
Social media platforms have surpassed cultural and linguistic boundaries, thus enabling online communication worldwide. However, the expanded use of various languages has intensified the challenge of online detection of hate speech content. Despite the release of multiple Natural Language Processing (NLP) solutions implementing cutting-edge machine...
Detecting the underlying human values within arguments is essential across various domains, ranging from social sciences to recent computational approaches. Identifying these values remains a significant challenge due to their vast numbers and implicit usage in discourse. This study explores the potential of emotion analysis as a key feature in imp...
The prevalence of offensive content on online communication and social media platforms is growing more and more common, which makes its detection difficult, especially in multilingual settings. The term “Offensive Language” encompasses a wide range of expressions, including various forms of hate speech and aggressive content. Therefore, exploring m...
Online communication has overcome linguistic and cultural barriers, enabling global connection through social media platforms. However, linguistic variety introduced more challenges in tasks such as the detection of hate speech content. Although multiple NLP solutions were proposed using advanced machine learning techniques, data annotation scarcit...
Social media has gained immense popularity for its convenience, affordability, and interactive features. However, the characteristics that make social media platforms appealing also provide a fertile ground for the spread of fake news–deliberately misleading and unverifiable information that can have severe consequences for individuals and society....
With the different events and crises that we are witnessing these days, Twitter plays an essential role in sharing thoughts, opinions, and news worldwide in various languages. Understanding the sentiment of user-generated content has garnered much interest in both industrial and academic communities in recent studies. Due to the limited availabilit...
The price of crude oil is one of the most critical factors of the world economy, as it is volatile and sensibly affected by the macro-economic, thus attracting large-scale speculative activities. Well known for its vulnerability, some price fluctuations are affected by external factors, such as the financial crisis and oil trade war, while others a...
This chapter addresses the value and the synergies of combining Artificial Intelligence technologies with Digital Twins. We begin with a high level, but comprehensive review of AI technologies that may be important for Digital Twins. Then we examine the relationship of AI techniques and methods to the progression of capabilities for Digital Twins i...
Recent years brought an exponential growth of social media which revolutionized freedom of speech but significantly increased the propagation of hate speech and hate-based activities. Therefore, constructive countermeasures are necessary to prevent escalating hateful content on online social media. Many recent works target explicit hate speech, but...
With the freedom of communication provided in online social media, hate speech has increasingly generated. This leads to cyber conflicts affecting social life at the individual and national levels. As a result, hateful content classification is becoming increasingly demanded for filtering hate content before being sent to the social networks. This...
![CNN layers, consist of 7 layers, input: [[CONV to RELU] × 2 to pool] ×...](publication/359173090/figure/fig4/AS:11431281390552017@1745270616643/CNN-layers-consist-of-7-layers-input-CONV-to-RELU-2-to-pool-3-to-FC_Q320.jpg)
Advances in technology have been able to affect all aspects of human life. For example, the use of technology in medicine has made significant contributions to human society. In this article, we focus on technology assistance for one of the most common and deadly diseases to exist, which is brain tumors. Every year, many people die due to brain tum...
Automatic detection of abusive online content such as hate speech, offensive language, threats, etc. has become prevalent in social media, with multiple efforts dedicated to detecting this phenomenon in English. However, detecting hatred and abuse in low-resource languages is a non-trivial challenge. The lack of sufficient labeled data in low-resou...
The Internet of Things (IoT) provides opportunities for improving various aspects of human life and enhancing quality of life. It enables monitoring and controlling mechanisms to be more easier than it was in the past. One of the significant objects in people’s life is fitness and body activity. Using IoT and its related technologies like RFID (Rad...
Clickbait can be a spam or an advert which more often provides a link to a commercial website, or it might be a headline to a news media website which makes money from page views by providing eye-catchy headlines with deceptive news. This paper focuses on the latter one to identify clickbaits that use news headlines to publish news items in Twitter...
Nowadays, a massive number of people are involved in various social media. This fact enables organizations and institutions to more easily access their audiences across the globe. Some of them use social bots as an automatic entity to gain intangible access and influence on their users by faster content propagation. Thereby, malicious social bots a...
The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak is drastically shaping and reshaping many aspects of our life, with a huge impact on our social life. In this era of lockdown policies in most of the major cities around the world, we see a huge increase in people and professionals’ engagement in social media. Online Social Networks are playing an...
These days different platforms such as social media provide their clients from different backgrounds and languages the possibility to connect and exchange information. It is not surprising anymore to see comments from different languages in posts published by international celebrities or data providers. In this era, understanding cross languages co...
Indoor positioning is an important aspect in internet of things which plays a crucial role in various scenarios. Meanwhile, depending on the scenario, Indoor Navigation Systems (INS) generates considerable amount of data which can be used in navigation as a data-driven approach. In this paper, a navigation method has been proposed based on data min...
The revolution of Internet of Things (IoT) is pervading many facets of our everyday life. Among the multiple IoT application domains, well-being is becoming one of the popular scenarios in IoT which aims to offer new services including smart fitness. This paper focuses on smart fitness covering IoT-based solutions for this domain as well as the imp...
Recent years have seen a new form of advertisement campaigns emerge: those involving so-called social media influencers. These influencers accept money in return for promoting products via their social media feeds. Although this constitutes a new and interesting form of marketing, it also raises many questions, particularly related to transparency...
Recent years have seen a new form of advertisement campaigns emerge: those involving so-called social media influencers. These influencers accept money in return for promoting products via their social media feeds. Although this constitutes a new and interesting form of marketing, it also raises many questions, particularly related to transparency...
Impersonators are playing an important role in the production and propagation of the content on Online Social Networks, notably on Instagram. These entities are nefarious fake accounts that intend to disguise a legitimate account by making similar profiles and then striking social media by fake content, which makes it considerably harder to underst...
Impersonators are playing an important role in the production and propagation of the content on Online Social Networks, notably on Instagram. These entities are nefarious fake accounts that intend to disguise a legitimate account by making similar profiles and then striking social media by fake content, which makes it considerably harder to underst...
Disparate biases associated with datasets and trained classifiers in hateful and abusive content identification tasks have raised many concerns recently. Although the problem of biased datasets on abusive language detection has been addressed more frequently, biases arising from trained classifiers have not yet been a matter of concern. In this pap...
Disparate biases associated with datasets and trained classifiers in hateful and abusive content identification tasks have raised many concerns recently. Although the problem of biased datasets on abusive language detection has been addressed more frequently, biases arising from trained classifiers have not yet been a matter of concern. Here, we fi...
The Internet of Things (IoT), as a new revolution in the digital world, is rapidly expanding in many areas, especially in health care. As IoT devices face challenges in processing and storing information, cloud and IoT integration leads to the development of efficient services and applications. However, one of the big challenges of cloud technology...
Identifying influential users and measure the influence of nodes in social networks have become an interesting and important topic of research. It is crucial to find out to what extent individuals influence each other because it can be used to control rumors, diseases, and diffusion. There are numerous relevant models most of which are based on a h...
The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak is drastically shaping and reshaping many aspects of our life, with a huge impact on our social life. In this era of lockdown policies in most of the major cities around the world, we see a huge increase in people and professionals' engagement in social media. Social media is playing an important r...
On-line Social Networks (OSNs) are being used intensively by countless professional players (e.g., large companies, politicians, athletes, celebrities, etc.) as a means of interacting with a huge amount of regular OSN users. In this paper we study the global strategy of professional users by sector (e.g. Cars companies, Clothing companies, Politici...
Impersonators on Online Social Networks such as Instagram are playing an important role in the propagation of the content. These entities are the type of nefarious fake accounts that intend to disguise a legitimate account by making similar profiles. In addition to having impersonated profiles, we observed a considerable engagement from these entit...
There is a growing interest in using wireless sensor technologies in various Internet of things scenarios. Considering the huge growth of smart objects and their applications, the need to collect and analyze their product data are becoming one of the main challenges. Sensor nodes are powered by batteries, efficient operations in term of energy are...
Human activity recognition(HAR) with wearable Internet of Things (IoT) sensors can be beneficial for the elderly and patients monitoring. Smartwatches are the most accessible IoT devices that play an important role in human activity monitoring. The structure of an activity recognition system involves a platform that holds wearable sensors. Under th...
Impersonators on Online Social Networks such as Instagram are playing an important role in the propagation of the content. These entities are the type of nefarious fake accounts that intend to disguise a legitimate account by making similar profiles. In addition to having impersonated profiles, we observed a considerable engagement from these entit...
Generated hateful and toxic content by a portion of users in social media is a rising phenomenon that motivated researchers to dedicate substantial efforts to the challenging direction of hateful content identification. We not only need an efficient automatic hate speech detection model based on advanced machine learning and natural language proces...
Generated hateful and toxic content by a portion of users in social media is a rising phenomenon that motivated researchers to dedicate substantial efforts to the challenging direction of hateful content identification. We not only need an efficient automatic hate speech detection model based on advanced machine learning and natural language proces...
Generated hateful and toxic content by a portion of users in social media is a rising phenomenon that motivated researchers to dedicate substantial efforts to the challenging direction of hateful content identification. We not only need an efficient automatic hate speech detection model based on advanced machine learning and natural language proces...
Written comments to the posts on social media are an important metric to measure the followers’ feedback to the content of the posts. But the huge presence of unrelated comments following each post can impact many parts of people engagement as well as the visibility of the actual post. Related comments to a post’ s topic usually provide readers mor...
Fake accounts and Impersonators on Online Social Networks such as Instagram are turning difficulties for society. This has attended to an increasing interest in detecting fake profiles and investigating their behaviours. Questions like who are impersonators? what are their characteristics? and are they bots? will arise. To answer, we begin this res...
Fall is the second incident that leads to death over the world. Fall event happens to numerous groups of people consist of elderly, babies and also younger people. Admittedly, fall-related research must be considered as one of the most important aspects of a healthy lifestyle. For this reason, Internet of Things(IoT) is the emerging technology and...
Social networking sites (SNSs) facilitate the sharing of ideas and information through different types of feedback including publishing posts, leaving comments and other type of
reactions. However, some comments or feedback on SNSs are inconsiderate and offensive, and sometimes this type of feedback has a very negative effect on a target user. The...
Social networking sites (SNSs) facilitate the sharing of ideas and information through different types of feedback including publishing posts, leaving comments and other type of reactions. However, some comments or feedback on SNSs are inconsiderate and offensive, and sometimes this type of feedback has a very negative effect on a target user. The...
There is an ever-growing number of users who duplicate the social media accounts of celebrities or generally impersonate their presence on online social media as well as Instagram. Of course, this has led to an increasing interest in detecting fake profiles and investigating their behaviour. We begin this research by targeting a few famous politici...
Online piracy is an important challenge in the motion-pictures industry. Several studies claimed that unauthorized content in online venues are reducing substantially the BoxOffice revenues while few other studies were not in favor of this claim. To understand better the impact of this phenomena, a study based on a large dataset is needed to analys...
Internet of Things (IoT) is turning into an essential part of daily life, and numerous IoT-based scenarios will be seen in future of modern cities ranging from small indoor situations to huge outdoor environments. In this era, navigation continues to be a crucial element in both outdoor and indoor environments, and many solutions have been provided...
In recent times, news medias avail oneself of online social media platforms for news promotion, sharing and commentary to a large extent mainly in Twitter, Facebook, and Reddit. Therefore, in the literature, researchers have been used machine learning and text mining techniques to attain useful insights from the news media data in social media in-o...
Recent research has shown a substantial active presence of bots in online social networks (OSNs). In this article, we perform a comparative analysis of the usage and impact of bots and humans on Twitter—one of the largest OSNs in the world. We collect a large-scale Twitter dataset and define various metrics based on tweet metadata. Using a human an...
![TABLE 1 : The properties of Etsy and Epinions [63] data-sets](publication/330815714/figure/tbl1/AS:721717316034561@1549082225271/The-properties-of-Etsy-and-Epinions-63-data-sets_Q320.jpg)
A framework to consensus opinion model within a networked social group is put forward. The current research in opinion formation within the groups is largely based on the opinion aggregation of each user of the network. However, the consistency of users in aggregation, social power and the impact of each individual user of the group for opinion for...
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Among the emerging concepts in the context of IoT, crowdsourcing and crowdsensing are known as two critical building blocks on the intersection point of things and humanbased techniques. Although contribution and involvement of people is a key factor in both crowdsensing and crowdsourcing systems which provides reliability and data quality, level o...
The rising popularity of social media has radically changed the way news content is propagated, including interactive attempts with new dimensions. To date, traditional news media such as newspapers, television and radio have already adapted their activities to the online news media by utilizing social media, blogs, websites etc. This paper provide...
Localization, as a crucial service for sensor networks, is an energy-demanding process for both indoor and outdoor scenarios. GPS based localization schemes are infeasible in remote, indoor areas and it is not a cost-effective solution for large-scale networks. Single mobile-beacon architecture is recently considered to localize sensor networks wit...
The current research in opinion propagation is largely based on content analysis of social interactions of users on a network. However, the social power of users in propagating the opinion is not considered. In this paper, we study the impact of influential users on propagating the opinion on singed networks and propose an opinion propagation model...
Available big data have proliferated rapidly in the last decade and continue to grow in popularity. The existing new data sources such as Online Social Networks (OSNs) and Internet of Things (IoT) influence many digital aspects in-order to shape/reshape normal life of people and other related parties such as businesses, stockholders etc. Urban mobi...
The explosion of bots on the Web brings an unprecedented increase in traffic from non-human sources. This work studies bot traffic on Twitter, finding that almost 50% of traffic is generated and propagated by a rapidly growing bot population -- a major concern for networked systems in the future.
Although data is a key part in smart cities, traditionally there has been no systematic effort to enable the sharing of data in a trustworthy manner among applications or services. In order to promote sharing of data, mechanisms need to be put into place to provide the different actors - data producers, data consumers, etc. means to control and vis...
Popularity in social media is an important objective for professional users (e.g. companies, celebrities, and public figures, etc). A simple yet prominent metric utilized to measure the popularity of a user is the number of fans or followers she succeed to attract to her page. Popularity is influenced by several factors which identifying them is an...
Popularity in social media is an important objective for professional users (e.g. companies, celebrities, and public figures, etc). A simple yet prominent metric utilized to measure the popularity of a user is the number of fans or followers she succeed to attract to her page. Popularity is influenced by several factors which identifying them is an...
Today's Internet traffic is mostly dominated by multimedia content and the prediction is that this trend will intensify in the future. Therefore, main Internet players, such as ISPs, content delivery platforms (e.g. Youtube, Bitorrent, Netflix, etc) or CDN operators, need to understand the evolution of multimedia content availability and popularity...
Professional players in social media (e.g., big companies, politician, athletes, celebrities, etc) are intensively using Online Social Networks (OSNs) in order to interact with a huge amount of regular OSN users with different purposes (marketing campaigns, customer feedback, public reputation improvement, etc). Hence, due to the large catalog of e...
Facebook is today the most popular social network with more than one billion subscribers worldwide. To provide good quality of service (e.g., low access delay) to their clients, FB relies on Akamai, which provides a worldwide content distribution network with a large number of edge servers that are much closer to FB subscribers. In this article we...
Facebook, the most popular Online social network is a virtual environment where users share information and are in contact with friends. Apart from many useful aspects, there is a large amount of personal and sensitive information publicly available that is accessible to external entities/users. In this paper we study the public exposure of Faceboo...
The next wave of communication and applications rely on the new services provided by Internet of Things which is becoming an important aspect in human and machines future. The IoT services are a key solution for providing smart environments in homes, buildings and cities. In the era of a massive number of connected things and objects with a high gr...
The next wave of communication and applications rely on the new services provided by Internet of Things which is becoming an important aspect in human and machines future. The IoT services are a key solution for providing smart environments in homes, buildings and cities. In the era of a massive number of connected things and objects with a high gr...
Recent research has shown a substantial active presence of bots in online social networks (OSNs). In this paper we utilise our past work on studying bots (Stweeler) to comparatively analyse the usage and impact of bots and humans on Twitter, one of the largest OSNs in the world. We collect a large-scale Twitter dataset and define various metrics ba...
The WWW has seen massive growth in population of automated programs (bots) for a variety of exploits on online social networks (OSNs). In this paper we extend on our previous work to study the affects of bots on Twitter. By setting up a bot account on Twitter and conducting analysis on a click logs dataset from our web server, we show that despite...
Nowadays, a big part of people rely on available content in social media in their decisions (e.g. reviews and feedback on a topic or product). The possibility that anybody can leave a review provide a golden opportunity for spammers to write spam reviews about products and services for different interests. Identifying these spammers and the spam co...
Nowadays, a big part of people rely on available content in social media in their decisions (e.g. reviews and feedback on a topic or product). The possibility that anybody can leave a review provide a golden opportunity for spammers to write spam reviews about products and services for different interests. Identifying these spammers and the spam co...
Social networks are an important part of the everyday activities of a big part of people. Different type of social-based activities (e.g. online product shopping, question answering forums and etc.) create a vast connection between users. One of the most important features of these networks is knowledge sharing. This knowledge usually provides bett...
The WWW has seen a massive growth in variety and usage of OSNs. The rising population of users on Twitter and its open nature has made it an ideal platform for various kinds of opportunistic pursuits, such as news and emergency communication, business promotion, political campaigning, spamming and spreading malicious content. Most of these opportun...
Professional players in social media (e.g., big companies, politician, athletes, celebrities, etc) are intensively using Online Social Networks (OSNs) in order to interact with a huge amount of regular OSN users with different purposes (marketing campaigns, customer feedback, public reputation improvement, etc). Hence, due to the large catalog of e...
The data generated by the devices and existing infrastructure in the Internet of Things (IoT) should be shared among applications. However, data sharing in the IoT can only reach its full potential when multiple participants contribute their data, for example when people are able to use their smartphone sensors for this purpose. We believe that eac...
