Reza Arjmand

Linnæus University

Reflecting the diversity of the Muslim world, this chapter addresses the fundamental views of Muslim scholars on embodiment and education. From the starting point of the Qurʾān, this chapter explores theories of embodiment inspired by the Islamic functionalism of al-Farabi, Avicenna’s Peripatetic and psychological philosophy of education, Ibn Arabi...

A distinct feature of Muslim cities is demarcated separation between zones of public economic and private domestic activities. Such spatial distinction has been the organic extension of a social structure with limited presence of women in public zones. However, separation of spaces in the Muslim city and the way it is utilized, shaped and reproduce...

Criminalization of sexual relations outside the institution of marriage in Iran fosters – among other means – concealment as one of the safest methods to undermine social and legal impediments. In a context where any alternative practices of sexualities are subject to persecution, sexual concealments are applied as tactics for survival. The female...

This Handbook traces and presents the fundamentals of Islam and their history and background, and provides a global and holistic, yet, detailed picture of Islamic education around the world. It introduces the reader to the roots and foundations of Islamic education; the responses of Islamic educational institutions to different changes from precolo...

Mosque (both as masjid or jami’) is recognized as the first Muslim educational space for formal and informal learnings, for children and adult alike. Although the mosque remained as one of the primary centers of Islamic studies in various disciplines to this day, the Muslim cities from the Middle Ages onward have witnessed the emergence of specific...

This Handbook traces and presents the fundamentals of Islam and their history and background, and provides a global and holistic, yet, detailed picture of Islamic education around the world. It introduces the reader to the roots and foundations of Islamic education; the responses of Islamic educational institutions to different changes from precolo...

With the arrival of Islam in the seventh century, Iran developed as the center for Shī‘ite education, and Iranians contributed significantly to the institutionalization and expansion of Islamic education both in form and content. For centuries, clergies were regarded as the custodians of education running preprimary and primary education in maktabs...

There are different types of globalization, and hence this chapter uses the plural form of the term. Two principal types of globalization relevant to this chapter are Islamic globalization and Western globalization each with its variety of forces. The Islamic globalization includes features such as the extension of ummah, the spread of Islamic mess...

With the arrival of Islam in the seventh century, Iran developed as the center for Shī’ite education, and Iranians contributed significantly to the institutionalization and expansion of Islamic education both in form and content. For centuries clergies were regarded as the custodians of education running preprimary and primary education in maktabs;...

The Western World (especially Europe) is struggling to cope with one of the largest waves of human migration ever. Majority of the migrants are Muslims with traumatic experiences as a result of enduring wars, violence, and various forms of suffrage. The unique feature of this migration is the number of unaccompanied minor Muslim migrants with an un...

This chapter seeks to explore the relationship between education and democracy in Muslim educational settings. The chapter will examine existing scholarship on Islam, democracy, and education with first, an overview of concepts and definitions and second, a review of educational systems regarding democracy and religion in selected Muslim-majority n...

Public spaces are the renditions of the power symmetry within the social setting it resides in, and is both controlling and confining of power. In an ideologically-laden context, urban design encompasses values and meanings and is utilized as a means to construct the identity and perpetuate visible and invisible boundaries. Hence, gendered spatial...

The chapter examines the nature of Islamic educational arrangements, showing some similarities and some differences throughout the approximately 40 countries where Muslims traditionally form majorities or important minorities. The similarities have to do with the features inherent in Islam: the idea of the Muslim community (umma), Sharia law and th...

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Incl. abstracts in English, German, French, Spanish and Russian; bibliographical references While European education systems fundamentally rest on a rather monolithic world-view, some of them are explicitly oriented towards Christianity and others are comparatively secular. Apart from this, they differ in the way that they offer opportunities for M...