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Introduction
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Publications
Publications (70)
Drought is a naturally occurring event associated with a significant decrease in water availability over a region. Changes in hydrological conditions in the area, such as climatic changes, especially rainfall, can lead to droughts and floods, which have many negative impacts on life and nature. Adaptation to natural disasters, such as drought, can...
The establishment of protected areas (PA) is one of the most prominent biodiversity conservation policies in the Philippines. Functions of the country’s PA policy include the reduction of deforestation, forest conservation, and decreasing human pressure on natural resources. This study aimed to assess the drivers of forest intactness and fragmentat...
The Philippines’ vulnerability to climate change necessitates the adoption of strategies to strengthen the most vulnerable sectors and diminish severe climate change impacts in the future. This study assessed the implications of recent findings of climate change science on the country’s Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) 10 prio...
The Philippine’s National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP) aims primarily to build the adaptive capacity of local communities and increase the resilience of natural ecosystems to climate change to promote climate-risk resilience. Climate change is expected to have far-reaching impacts on the structure, ecological conditions, and functions of vari...
A dynamic, physical model was created to predict soil erosion of Lagawe River Sub-watershed, a sub-watershed of Magat River Watershed, Philippines. Tipping-bucket rain gauge was installed to gather event-based rainfall data and a water-level recorder was installed on a straight segment of Lagawe River to gather water depth. Sediment samples were ta...
Farmers in the Roxas mountain range, City of Koronadal used to have bountiful harvests during the time when the city was still free from climate-related hazards. However, this situation has recently changed due to the increasing climate-related risk events. Moreover, localized baseline scientific climate information is limited to foster the develop...
One of the main impact areas of climate change (CC), and land use and land cover change (LULCC) is the hydrology of watersheds, which have negative implications to the water resources. Their impact can be indicated by changes on streamflow, which is quantifiable using process-based streamflow modelling of baseline and future scenarios.
Here we incl...
Climate Disaster Risk Assessment (CDRA) and Local Climate Change Action Plan (LCCAP) provide the scientific and legal platform for climate change adaptation and mitigation in the Philippines. This APN CAPaBLE project responds to the limited technical capacity of local government units (LGUs) to comply with this requirement through collaborative cap...
This study examined the changes and variability in temperature and rainfall patterns in the past 31 years (1981-2012) and assessed their impacts on livelihood vulnerability of farming households in the City of Koronadal, South Cotabato, a less studied area in Mindanao located in Southern Philippines. Using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Cha...
The Baroro River Watershed, like most watersheds in the Philippines, has been experiencing widespread land use changes. With the increasing interest on studies of watersheds as valuable water resources, this study attempted to assess the land use/land cover changes and forest fragmentation using landscape metrics. Three official land cover maps (20...
The Philippines has abundant water resources. There is, however, a growing trend of water supply shortages in major urban centers in the country—including Metro Manila. Uneven population distribution, along with climate change and deteriorating condition of watersheds, is some of the major drivers identified (Gleick 2013; Chang et al. 2013; Schnoor...
This study analyzed the economic value of Calliandra calothyrsus Meissn. as a pioneer species in watershed rehabilitation using benefit-cost analysis (BCA). A cashflow was developed and using the 15% discount rate, the net present value (NPV) and benefit cost ratio (BCR) were computed. Planting C. calothyrsus as pioneer species is financially feasi...
Landscape fragmentation, the breaking up of land use type into smaller parcels, is damaging watersheds worldwide. Without addressing its causes, landscape fragmentation can permanently destroy habitats and compromise ecosystem services (ES) that a watershed provides. This paper aims to establish associations between watershed landscape fragmentatio...
This report is an assessment of the current understanding on climate change impacts, vulnerabilities, and adaptation in the Philippines. It focuses on ecosystems, freshwater resources, coastal systems and low-lying areas, agriculture and fisheries, and human health. The depth and breadth of assessment vary across chapters due to the uneven availabi...
This chapter discusses the national and local initiatives towards improving water management in the Philippines beginning with action plan to reform the National Water Resources Board (NWRB) in 1995, the development of the National Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) Plan Framework in 2006, followed by the Integrated River Basin Management...
This chapter synthesizes the existing information and knowledge on the state of water resources in the Philippines by providing a general overview on water supply, demand and uses at the national level. The major sources of water, namely surface and ground water, will be examined in terms of its adequacy considering present and future supply based...
This chapter focuses on past and current policies (including programs) on environmental protection and how these policies facilitate or constrain the implementation of policy actions to promote the sustainability of water resources in the Philippines. Alongside water policies, policies on land use management and allocation, forestry, agriculture, n...
Conservation Farming Village (CFV) is a modality for transforming traditional upland farming systems into sustainable upland production systems. Not only does it address upland degradation, it also stimulates upland community development that is adaptive to climate changes. CFV aims to help upland farmers to improve their economic conditions by str...
This study determined the impacts of landscape pattern on population density of C. cebuensis within AWR, a conservation priority in Cebu, Philippines. Three land uses were identified, namely, (a) cultivated (3,399 ha/45%); (b) forestlands (3,002 ha/40%); and (c) build-up (1,050 ha/15%). Forest patches at class have irregular/complex shapes; thus th...
Jatropha curcas L., a plant-based fuel substitute source is one of the potential alternative energy sources which is catering to the mitigation and adaptation to climate change, and rehabilitation of marginal and degraded areas. Given its potentials in addressing environmental degradation, energy and economic crises, it is vital to assess the relat...
Purpose
– The Philippines is among the countries vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change. However, many local government units (LGUs) and the people themselves are not aware of the climate change phenomenon and do not have the capacity to undertake appropriate climate change adaptation measures. The purpose of this paper is to discuss t...
The purpose of this paper is to provide background information and sample locations for research on agricultural water management issues of the lake Laguna de Bay, Philippines, addressed in this special issue. We introduce the key features of the lake, the rationale for catchment selection, agricultural land uses of the selected catchment, and desc...
The Philippines is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate risks both current and future. Annually, the country experiences the havoc caused by tropical cyclones. Every few years, the ENSO phenomenon adds another layer of confusion to the weather patterns. As a result, small farmers in the country have developed ways of adapting to such see...
The effects of controlled burning on survival and growth of newly planted seedlings of Pinus insularis and Alnus japonica and soil erosion rates of the burned and unburned plots were quantified in Itogon, Benguet Province, Philippines. The results showed that survival of the two species in the burned and unburned plots was not significantly differe...
As the Philippine government continues to embrace the establishment of protected areas as a primary strategy for environmental conservation, livelihood difficulties have arisen in marginal areas where land and forest resources become scarce. This paper explores why the indigenous Tagbanua people, who commonly practice shifting agriculture (or swidd...
Changes in the forest landscape of Mt. Makiling Forest Reserve were evaluated given the three different time periods of remotely sensed datasets using ISOCLUST method. The classification explicitly figured out that the forest areas are persistent or still intact while spatially expanding the coverage from the area. The change analysis revealed that...
This paper examines the land use and land cover change in Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park, Cabayugan in Palawan. With the overlap of various environmental policies, managers have divided much of Palawan's landscape into different management zones affecting the land use systems of the local people, especially swidden agriculture (ka...
A statistical downscaling known for producing station-scale climate information from GCM output was preferred to evaluate
the impacts of climate change within the Mount Makiling forest watershed, Philippines. The lumped hydrologic BROOK90 model was utilized for the water balance assessment of climate
change impacts based on two scenarios (A1B and A...
tropical forest watershed in the Philippines. Hydrologic modelling has become an indispensable tool and cost-effective process in understanding the movement of water loss in the Molawin rainforest watershed, Philippines. The study aimed to optimise the use of a lumped BROOK90 model and simulate the hydrologic processes distribution in a given water...
This policy paper examines the evolution of tenure reform in the Philippines through a historical analysis of forest policy from the colonial period to the present. It also analyzes the dynamics and impacts of tenure reform and the associated policy changes in terms of the shift in the holder of the bundle of rights and changes in livelihood, incom...
This book examines the evolution of tenure reform in the Philippines through a historical analysis of forest policy from the colonial period to the present. It also analyzes the dynamics and impacts of tenure reform and the associated policy changes in terms of the shift in the holder of the bundle of rights and changes in livelihood, income, fores...
This paper provides a qualitative assessment of the impacts of climate variability and extremes to local communities in the Pantabangan-Carranglan Watershed located in Northern Philippines. It also analyzes the local adaptation practices and their effectiveness in mitigating adverse impacts based on the experiences and perceptions of the local comm...
New evidences show that climate change has affected many sectors in Asia (medium confidence).
The crop yield in many countries of Asia has declined, partly due to rising temperatures and extreme weather events. The retreat of glaciers and permafrost in Asia in recent years is unprecedented as a consequence of warming. The frequency of occurrence o...
For over four decades, policy, institutional and technological imperfections and deficiencies have limited the success of restoring degraded forests in the Philippines and the attainment of sustainable forest management. This paper outlines a conceptual framework for a more systematic and deliberate program to restore degraded forests in the Philip...
AIACC Working Papers, published on-line by Assessments of Impacts and Adaptations to Climate Change (AIACC), is a series of papers and paper abstracts written by researchers participating in the AIACC project. Papers published in AIACC Working Papers have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication in the on-line series as being (i) fundamental...
This book titled “Small Grants Program for Operations to Promote Tropical Forests (SGP-PTF) & Poverty Reduction in Forest Communities: Experiences from the Field” presents experiences of communities and grantees in the Philippines in managing and implementing the SGP-PTF Program. It is part of an overall effort to share the knowledge and lessons ga...
This study determined effects of selective logging on carbon (C) stocks of a dipterocarp forest in the Philippines. Biomass C was determined from fixed plots using a chronosequence of 1-21 years after logging. The total C budget within an existing timber concession in the area, including that in the wood processing mill, was analysed. Unlogged fore...
Illegal logging is an issue of major national and international concern. Combating illegal logging depends on effective enforcement operations to ensure compliance and identify forest crime. Independent monitors have an important role in ‘monitoring the monitors ’ and verifying legality. This briefing paper examines the part that external agencies...
Tropical forests are important source and sink of carbon (C). However, there are limited information on the ability of tropical forests to store and sequester C. This study is aimed at quantifying the C stocks of a secondary forest in Mount Makiling Forest Reserve, Philippines. The total biomass (above and below ground) of the forest was 576 Mg ha-...
The direction and magnitude of the impacts of El Niño and La Niña on the water budget of watersheds in the Philippines were assessed with particular focus on runoff. The WatBal and BROOK 5 models were chosen because of their simple structures and the availability of the database required to run these models. The expected decrease in rainfall due to...
Carbon dioxide is the most abundant greenhouse gas (GHG) that causes global warming. Thus, land uses such as an agroforestry system have a significant role in moderating climate change since they can be sources and sinks of carbon. The aim of the study was to generate data on the carbon stocks of two agroforestry systems, specifically a Gmelina arb...
"The Makiling Forest Reserve (MFR) is an experimental and educational forest reservation about 65 km south of Manila. The development of economic instruments for more reasonable water pricing was initiated primarily to promote conservation of the water and other resources from MFR. Specifically, the project was designed to increase efficiency in MF...
This study is in support of the joint effort of the Cordillera Highland Agricultural Development Project- Project Support Office (CHARMP-PSO) and the Bakun Indigenous Tribes Organization (BITO) to develop a program on environmental services to benefit poor upland communities in Bakun, Benguet, Northern Philippines. The general concept of the progra...
Payments for environmental services (PES) is an innovative approach in resource management that seeks to achieve any or all of the following goals: environmental integrity, poverty alleviation, and financial sustainability. In watershed protection, the basic concept in PES is to establish, through a payment system, a connection between the provider...
The off-site transport of nutrients can have detrimental effects on waterways hence this study was conducted to monitor the sources and quantify the amount and form of transported nutrients in order to identify strategies that can minimise their impact. Four sites representing various land uses were selected and installed with automated water sampl...
"This paper examines the tenure reform in the Philippine forestlands through a historical analysis of forest policy development from the colonial period to the present with emphasis over the last three decades. It also analyzes the impacts of tenure reform and the associated policy and related changes in terms of the LIFE indicator (livelihood, inc...
"This paper presents a case study on and some arguments for the applications of the watershed as a unit of forest management (i.e., for problem identification and analysis) in the Philippines. The study was conducted by an interdisciplinary team of scientists from the University of the Philippines at Los Bafios (UPLB) under the joint leadership of...
