René Kyselý

René Kyselý
The Czech Academy of Sciences | AVCR · OKA

Ph.D.

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63
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Publications

Publications (63)
Article
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Ve studii jsou předloženy výsledky multidisciplinárních analýz nálezů z pěti velkých hrobů bylanské kultury, zachycených při výzkumu v trase obchvatu Kolína. Kromě keramických a kovových milodarů byla pozornost věnována antropologickým a archeozoologickým nálezům a reziduím organických materiálů na kovových předmětech. Sledovány byly také konstrukč...
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Horses revolutionized human history with fast mobility¹. However, the timeline between their domestication and their widespread integration as a means of transport remains contentious2–4. Here we assemble a collection of 475 ancient horse genomes to assess the period when these animals were first reshaped by human agency in Eurasia. We find that re...
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The article presents the assemblage of finds from a sunken hut in Nižbor opposite the Stradonice oppidum on the other bank of the Berounka River. The inventory from the sunken hut, which testifies to its contemporaneity with one of the phases of settlement at the oppidum in the Late La Tène period, was composed of common settlement finds of pottery...
Preprint
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Large omnivores at the top of food webs play a key role in ecosystems, as their ability to feed on multiple trophic levels stabilizes food-web dynamics and impacts ecosystem functioning. However, it is largely unexplored how large omnivores adapt their trophic interactions to altered resource availability under global change, particularly in terres...
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Although Europe was not a primary centre of cattle domestication, its expansion from the Middle East and subsequent development created a complex pattern of cattle breed diversity. Many isolated populations of local historical breeds still carry the message about the physical and genetic traits of ancient populations. Since the way of life of human...
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An archaeological excavation conducted on U Kasáren St. in the Prague Castle area (Czech Republic) in 2020 revealed the remains of a medieval settlement consisting of houses of different constructions (pit dwelling, masonry construction), pyrotechnical (possibly metallurgical) features and unspecified pits. The excavation also revealed evidence of...
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One of the key unresolved questions regarding the archaeology of La Tène Europe concerns the continuity of settlement around 400 BC. Archaeological evidence of settlement in the countries north of the Alps, including the Czech Republic, declines during this period – a decline which for decades has generally been attributed to population migration....
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Předkládaný příspěvek přináší dílčí výsledky výzkumu nížinného obytného areálu z doby železné situovaného na západním okraji obce Neplachovice a zkoumaného mezi léty 2013 až 2017. Prezentovány jsou sídlištní objekty z období přechodu pozdní doby halštatské a časné doby laténské, tedy z doby, pro niž se předpokládá v západní části českého Slezska té...
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The rediscovery of a labour camp on the construction site of the Stalin Monument in Prague in spring 2021 was the result of a construction project of the Municipality of Prague. Until then, the existence of this specific site had not been reflected neither in the historical memory of the place nor in the literature devoted to the monstrous monument...
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The great importance of the domestic horse in human history and culture has long made it a significant subject of research. The historical role of the horse and new studies and discoveries that are key to understanding its domestication provided the impetus for this paper. The review presents and discusses the current state of know ledge and ideas...
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A recent study from Central Europe has changed our perception of the cat's domestication history. The authors discuss how this has led to the development of an interdisciplinary project combining palaeogenetics, zooarch-aeology and radiocarbon dating, with the aim of providing insight into the domestic cat's expansion beyond the Mediterranean.
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During the Late Pleistocene (MIS 5e-2), the brown bear Ursus arctos was widespread in the Czech Republic. From this time interval, the species was recorded in 51 Czech localities, including 10 open-air and 41 cave sites. A total of 18 radiocarbon dates obtained from the material showed the presence of the species in this territory 46–12.6 kyr ago d...
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Archaeoichthyological research is not well developed in Czech archaeology, partly because of the country’s landlocked position. Nonetheless, fishing, fish consumption, and the fish trade played important roles in the Czech lands in the Middle and Early Modern Ages. This paper presents, as a case study, detailed documentation and analysis of a few a...
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The distribution of the black rat (Rattus rattus) has been heavily influenced by its association with humans. The dispersal history of this non-native commensal rodent across Europe, however, remains poorly understood, and different introductions may have occurred during the Roman and medieval periods. Here, in order to reconstruct the population h...
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Burial customs underwent gradual changes during the Iron Age, sometimes revealing significant upheavals occurring in the socio-spiritual sphere of the time. Both commonalities and differences between Western and Eastern Europe can be observed in the development of Iron Age burial practices. Particular attention is paid to the differences between th...
Book
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In Prague-Miškovice, a cemetery of the Únětice culture (UC) with a total of 44 graves was excavated between 1999 und 2001. The C14 dates range across the entire course of Central Europe’s Early Bronze Age – from the proto-Únětice phase to the “post-classical” phase of the UC. The high point of the mortuary activities occurred between 2000 and 1750...
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Domestication of horses fundamentally transformed long-range mobility and warfare¹. However, modern domesticated breeds do not descend from the earliest domestic horse lineage associated with archaeological evidence of bridling, milking and corralling2–4 at Botai, Central Asia around 3500 bc³. Other longstanding candidate regions for horse domestic...
Preprint
Full-text available
The distribution of the black rat ( Rattus rattus ) has been heavily influenced by its association with humans. The dispersal history of this non-native commensal rodent across Europe, however, remains poorly understood, and different introductions may have occurred during the Roman and medieval periods. Here, in order to reconstruct the population...
Article
The paper deals with archaeological, osteological and archaeobotanical analysis of the artefacts and ecofacts obtained by excavation in waste landfills from the Second World War. The settlement waste was produced by three communities with different social status, which were connected with the Rolava mining and processing plant in the Ore Mountains...
Article
The hundreds of drilled dog teeth—mainly incisors and canines—found as ornaments in the graves of women and children from the Corded Ware Culture in Bohemia, Czech Republic, provide a unique opportunity for biometric investigation. Large series of teeth often found in a single burial set enable consideration of variability in intra‐site dog size, w...
Book
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The complex detailed analysis and publication of archaeological and anthropological data and the results of numerous science analyses of archaeological and anthropological material (palaeopathology, epigenetics, isotope analysis, 14C, analyses of metal, amber, stone tools, Sr, O, C and N isotopy etc.) form an essential foundation of the first-rate,...
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The work presents the main results of an international project focused on a rescue archaeological excavation of a damaged princely barrow from the Early Iron Age. The project was based on a combination of archaeological and bioarchaeological sources and utilised the broadest spectrum of approaches and methods, with natural science analyses playing...
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Based on a study of animal bone finds from the Únětice Culture cemeteries (2200–1700 BC) in Bohemia, Czech Republic, the study analyses selected aspects of the funeral rite in the Early Bronze Age in Central Europe. The focus is on unworked and unburned cattle, pig, sheep/goat and red deer scapulae, phalanges (+ some astragali) and ribs—significant...
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The article evaluates all early archaeological osteological finds of turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) dated to the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries AD in what is today the Czech Republic and offers an analysis and discussion of written historical sources. Altogether, 45 bones of turkey (Meleagris) from ten archaeological sites and a further six bone...
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The mining settlement at Kremsiger in the Ore Mountains, which dates back to the 13th and 14th centuries, has been explored in the ArchaeoMontan project since 2012. In this article, we describe results of the 2016 field research. Micro test pits demonstrated a larger scale of settlement than originally assumed. Moreover, regular house plots 19.45 m...
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Při výzkumu polykulturní lokality u Štítar, okr. Kolín, byla v r. 2008 odkryta část sídelního areálu kultury nálevkovitých pohárů: 15 objektů, většinou zásobních jam, v jedné kostrový pohřeb, v další kopulovitá pec. Analýza nálezových komplexů ze zásobních jam doplněná dvěma soubory z východočeských Úhřetic představila zřetelně definovanou nálezovo...
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Necklaces or other decorations made from drilled animal teeth and small perforated shell beads are typical burial objects of graves from the Late Eneolithic Corded Ware culture (c. 2900–2300 bc) in the territories of the Czech Republic, based on local data, central Germany, and to lesser degree in some other European regions. The richest collection...
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Two princely graves (numbers 6 and 14) of the Bylany culture from the Hallstatt period were excavated at Prague-Letňany in December 2014. The paper summarises the results of the scientific analysis of grave number 6. The grave inventory contained a four-wheeled waggon, 21 ceramic vessels of variable size and type, one bronze bucket, one iron sword,...
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One of the phenomena linking the broad area from the Atlantic to central Europe for several centuries around the year 4000 BC is various forms of causewayed enclosures, which are multiply interrupted. Bohemia forms the eastern periphery of their expansion, though few works have been published on this topic to date. The subject of the submitted arti...
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The finding of a male red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) skeleton at Brandýs nad Labem (Central Bohemia, Czech Republic) dated to the Únětice culture (Early Bronze Age), radiocarbon dated to 1881–1679 cal BC (P 93 %), unique in the region, was analysed archaeozoologically. The depositing of a whole, unbutchered and entirely undamaged, but curled up body...
Article
We collected and evaluated, by the 'logarithmic size index' (LSI) method, all available postcranial equid bones found in the Czech Republic from the Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age. Material from the Upper Paleolithic (Magdalenien) and Bohemian Late Bronze Age (Knovíz culture) was also included. Two different species of equids were documented: Eq...
Article
Osteometric data were analysed from the main domestic animals existing in central Europe during the Neolithic and Eneolithic (Chalcolithic) periods, specifically cattle (Bos taurus), sheep (Ovis aries), goats (Capra hircus), and pigs (Sus domesticus). The results are based on a combined evaluation of selected dental and postcranial measurements (in...
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The present communication describes the case of an approx. 9 month old pig from the early medieval fortress Vyšehrad in Prague (Bohemia, Czech Republic). It showed an exceptionally severe enamel defect (plane-form hypoplasia) in the upper half of the crown of a right upper first molar. The plane-form defect was probably triggered by short-term dist...
Article
The present communication describes the case of an approx. 9 month old pig from the early medieval fortress Vysehrad in Prague (Bohemia, Czech Republic). It showed an exceptionally severe enamel defect (plane-form hypoplasia) in the upper half of the crown of a right upper first molar. The plane-form defect was probably triggered by short-term dist...
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During archaeological excavations of three La Tene features in 2001 and 2002 at the periphery of the Velke Zbozi and Male Zbozi cadasters (Nymburk district), a total of 33 animal bones were obtained. Only domestic mammals were determined in the material: cattle, sheep/goat (of which only sheep is reliably documented), pig, horse and dog. A valuable...
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The paper describes and analyses recent finds of the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis) from the archaeological sites at Obříství (Mělník district, at the confluence of the Elbe and Moldau rivers in the Bohemian basin, Czech Republic). Turtle remains were found in three sunken features dated to the Late Bronze Age or to the Hallstatt period, a...
Article
In this paper four cases of severe enamel and dentine defects in the upper canines of male domestic pigs (Sus scrofa f. domestica) from the Iron Age and medieval sites in Bohemia (Czech Republic) are presented. Such severe defects observed in the osteoarchaeological record are a fairly rare condition. They are in all likelihood the result of intra...
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In 2012-2013 a disturbed and hitherto archaeologically not documented large barrow with a diameter of 25 m and dating to the late Hallstatt period, was excavated at Rovná. The burial chamber was constructed of wood and on the ground surface; it had a square plan of 6.2 m×6.1 m. Grave 1 from Rovná contained five bronze vessels and is thus one of the...
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Princely burial mound no. 1 in Rovná (South Bohemia) was excavated in the years 2012–2013, after this extraordinary site from the Late Hallstatt period had been discovered and damaged by treasure hunters. The stone construction of the mound measured 25 m in diameter and the wood-lined burial chamber had a square ground plan of 6.2 x 6.1 m at ground...
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The several years lasting research of the Kolín bypass uncovered a number of polycultural sites, among others also features that contained both Bošáca culture and Řivnáč culture pottery. Based on the current knowledge, the Kolín region formed part of the ecumene of the latter culture; origins of the Bošáca pottery are therefore sought in eastern Bo...
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The article presents the results of the comprehensive research of a remarkable Unetice culture find situation in central Bohemia a barrow burial. An almost undisturbed stone ring and a burial pit from former settlement feature were found in a cultural layer in Brandys nad Labem - Vrabi. The grave contained two inhumation burials one above the other...
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An analysis of the bones from the settlement in Brozany nad Ohri (Litomerice district) dated to the Salzmunde phase of the Funnel Beaker culture revealed standard characteristics for the reconstruction of the paleo-economic situation and provided information regarding several unusual and interesting finds. There is a distinct predominance of domest...
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This study presents the results of the analysis of mtDNA bone samples morphologically determined to be aurochs (Bos primigenius) from four various archaeological finds in the Czech Republic (Central Europe). The results from two of them — the Pleistocene sample from Praha-Řeporyje and the Neolithic sample from Vedrovice — probably represent contami...
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The paper provides a summary of existing information on the Vladar archa eological site collected during the course of two successive grant projects. The work provides information on the unpublished results of an archaeological excavation at the acropolis; in addition to new information on the dating of the peripheral fortifications of the settleme...
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Práce podává shrnutí dosavadních poznatk ů o lokalitě Vladař, které byly získány v průběhu řešení dvou následných grantových projektů. Informuje o dosud nepublikovaných výsledcích archeologického výzkumu na akropoli a vedle nových poznatků o datování obvodové fortifikace předhradí přináší také první výsledky výzkumu unikátně zachované cisterny na p...
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The work analyses the testimony of osteozoological finds from 91 settlement sites in Bohemia and Moravia dating to the Lengyel and Eneolithic periods (ca. 4700/4500-2200 BC). A total of around 70,500 finds from approximately 600 contexts are analysed. Conclusions on the economic situation in this time period are reached on the basis of a comprehens...
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Several years of excavations in the Vlíněves sand quarry (district Mělník) produced an evidence of abundant finds of various prehistoric periods including the Řivnáč culture of the Middle Eneolithic period (circa 3000 BC). The questions of variability in archaeologisation of Řivnáč culture opened landscape settlement forms are analysed based on pub...
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The article describes and analyzes the osteological and archaeozoological aspects of a cattle (Bos taurus) skeleton found in a Late La-Tène feature at Nové Dvory (distr. Kutná Hora). The animal of the age of 2,5-3 years was most probably deposited in the pit as a whole, i.e. in articulated condition. Isolated pig and sheep/goat bone fragments and a...
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An analysis of pre-La Tène period osteological finds of domestic fowl within the Czech Republic is reported. The oldest evidence, a part of a female skeleton, comes from the site at Ostrov-Zápy (Prague - east district) dated to the end of the Bronze Age (end of Štítary culture, Hallstatt B3, which corresponds to the second half of the 9th century B...
Article
Archaeological finds of a ritual character from Hostivice–Litovice are classed as Eneolithic cattle burials (depositions). One pit from the Funnel Beaker Period (Baalberge group; ca. 3800–3500 BC) contained a subadult bovine skeleton, whose skull bore loose horns (scurs) while still alive. This type of horn, which is movable or possibly hanging, is...
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The aim of the study is to analyze historical and osteological data on an extinct, wild, even-toed ungulate - the aurochs (Bos primigenius); the related wisent (Bison bonasus) was also included in the study. While the work is focused on Bohemian early medieval finds and data, the subject is given a broad look in the context of existing knowledge fr...
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Within the site of Kutná Hora-Denemark (Kutná Hora distr., central Bohemia – Eneolithic, Řivnáč Culture, 3000–2800 BC), 893 frog bones or bone fragments were present in five archaeological features. All identified specimens are of the Common Frog (Rana temporaria Linnaeus, 1758). Males predominate, according to humeral morphology, and only adult in...
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Sunken “hut” from the Middle Eneolithic in Prague 9 - Miškovice. Results of archaeological and palaeoecological analyses. The hut has a regular ground-plan (3.92 x 3.64 m) and simple as well as double rows of post-holes along the walls; it was studied in 2004. It represents a distinct architectural type of the Řivnáč culture. Roughly 1/3 of the hut...
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The problem of the quantification of archaeozoological finds hides within itself phenomena with which it is advantageous to be acquainted both in the evaluation of ostealogical assemblages, and. in the use of the results of archaeozoological analyses. The following methods are described and compared: number of identified specimens (NISP), i.e. the...

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