Renan Saraiva

University of Portsmouth · Department of Psychology

Introduction Inferential reasoning (IR) is a major component of intelligence, which comprises many different cognitive processes such as perception, memory, and logic. Many studies have proposed that socioeconomic status (SES) has a negligible association with IR, but more recent findings suggest that they may have a higher association when evaluat...

Social dilemmas typically require individuals to choose between a personal need and that of a group, often sacrificing one for the other. Many factors play a role in whether people choose to cooperate or to compete, but time constraint and other time-related variables might be decisive in this decision-making process. This study investigated the ro...

The aim of this study was to develop a short version of the Metamemory in Adulthood Questionnaire (MIA) in Brazilian Portuguese. The original MIA is an instrument in english composed by 108 items, divided into seven dimensions of metamemory (Strategy, Task, Capacity, Change, Anxiety, Achievement and Locus). Despite of being widely used, the extensi...

Cada indivíduo possui um repertório de estratégias e maneiras de lidar com o tempo, diferenciando-se na urgência com que realiza suas tarefas e na quantidade de compromissos a que se submete. Alguns instrumentos foram propostos para acessar tais diferenças individuais em relação ao tempo, destacando-se a Time Urgency and Perpetual Activation Scale...

Este estudo investigou como informações falsas fornecidas a testemunhas oculares podem afetar a fidedignidade de seus relatos. Os participantes foram divididos em duas condições experimentais. Todos assistiram ao vídeo de um crime e responderam a um questionário sobre informações nele descritas. Em uma condição, os participantes preencheram o quest...

Research on eyewitness identification often involves exposing participants to a simulated crime and later testing memory using a lineup. We conducted a systematic review showing that pre-event instructions, instructions given before event exposure, are rarely reported and those that are reported vary in the extent to which they warn participants ab...

Erroneous eyewitness testimony can have very negative consequences for society and criminal justice systems all over the world. That is because eyewitness testimony errors can motivate useless lines of investigation, or in more severe cases contribute to the conviction of innocent suspects. On the other hand, accurate testimonies play an essential...

Judges, jurors and other triers of fact often rely upon eyewitness evidence in criminal trials, but eyewitness memory is not always accurate and can sometimes be contaminated. The I‐I‐Eye is an evidence‐based teaching aid designed to improve the evaluation of eyewitness evidence in legal settings. We aimed to further test the I‐I‐Eye and examine wh...

Resumo Presenciar um crime é uma situação de grande estresse e com forte carga emocional, fatores diretamente relacionados à qualidade do relato de testemunhas oculares. Em dois experimentos, participantes assistiram a eventos com diferentes cargas emocionais (neutro, assalto ou assassinato) e forneceram seus relatos após diferentes intervalos de r...

Eyewitness evidence often plays a critical role in decisions made in the criminal justice system. To evaluate eyewitness testimony accurately, judges must be aware of factors that can contaminate this type of evidence. In 2008, a survey of judges in Norway revealed a lack of awareness of several factors that affect eyewitness testimony. In the curr...

Psychological research on the relationship between corruption and belief in a just world (BJW) is lacking and often reports conflicting results. The present study sought to advance this line of research by examining the mediating role of perceptions of punishment in the relationship between corruption and BJW across countries with different corrupt...

Estimating eyewitness memory accuracy is crucial in forensic settings, given the need for efficient investigations and the negative consequences of erroneous testimony. In fact, mistaken identifications of innocent suspects have contributed to numerous miscarriages of justice, which often results in many years of innocent lives spent in prison. Eye...

Even though there are multiple factors that may impair eyewitness memory, triers of fact typically trust eyewitness accounts regardless of the witnessing and identification conditions. This highlights the need for an evaluation of factors that relate to the strength of eyewitness identification evidence. In psychological research, there has been an...

Resumo. Presenciar um crime é uma situação de grande estresse e com forte carga emocional, fatores diretamente relacionados à qualidade do relato de testemunhas oculares. Em dois experimentos, participantes assistiram a eventos com diferentes cargas emocionais (neutro, assalto ou assasinato) e forneceram seus relatos após diferentes intervalos de r...

Presenciar um crime é uma situação de grande estresse e com forte carga emocional, fatores diretamente relacionados à qualidade do relato de testemunhas oculares. Em dois experimentos, participantes assistiram a eventos com diferentes cargas emocionais (neutro, assalto ou assasinato) e forneceram seus relatos após diferentes intervalos de retenção...

Purpose Distinguishing accurate from inaccurate identifications is a challenging issue in the criminal justice system, especially for biased police line‐ups. That is because biased line‐ups undermine the diagnostic value of accuracy post‐dictors such as confidence and decision time. Here, we aimed to test general and eyewitness‐specific self‐rating...

Using a mock witness methodology, we investigated the predictive value of metamemory measures and objective memory tests as indicators of eyewitness free recall performance. Participants (n = 208) first completed a metamemory assessment that included assessments of self-rated memory capacity, memory development and use of strategies. In a separate...

Using a mock witness methodology, we investigated the predictive value of metamemory measures and objective memory tests as indicators of eyewitness free recall performance. Participants (n = 208) first completed a metamemory assessment that included assessments of self-rated memory capacity, memory development and use of strategies. In a separate...

Metamemory can be defined as the knowledge about one's memory capabilities and about strategies that can aid memory. In this paper, we describe the development and validation of the Eyewitness Metamemory Scale (EMS), tailored specifically for use in face memory and eyewitness identification settings. Participants (N = 800) completed the EMS and oth...

Distinguishing accurate from inaccurate identifications is a challenging issue in the criminal justice system, especially for biased police lineups. That is because biased lineups undermine the diagnostic value of accuracy postdictors such as confidence and decision time. Here, we aimed to test general and eyewitness-specific self-ratings of memory...

Identifications made by eyewitnesses are compelling evidence for prosecuting a suspect, but inaccurate identifications can have severe consequences including the conviction of innocent persons. Based on metacognitive frameworks, we aimed to distinguish accurate from inaccurate identification decisions by using metamemory assessments. Participants (...

Metamemory can be defined as the knowledge about one’s memory capabilities and about strategies that can aid memory. In this paper, we describe the development and validation of the Eyewitness Metamemory Scale (EMS), tailored specifically for use in face memory and eyewitness identification settings. Participants (N = 800) completed the EMS and oth...

R-Package for calculating calibration statistics in eyewitness testimony research https://github.com/IngerMathilde/legalPsych

Sinopse. O testemunho de indivíduos que presenciaram determinado crime é de extrema importância no sistema de justiça criminal, especialmente em casos que carecem de evidências físicas. Em contrapartida, anos de pesquisa em psicologia cognitiva e experimental revelam que a memória humana é maleável e suscetível a diversos erros e vieses. Inúmeros...

Facial composites are crucial in the criminal justice system. In this archival study, we investigated the assumption that the success of facial composites depends partly on variables related to the crime, which either impairs or facilitates mnemonic processes. When a facial composite is successful in taking an offender to court it is sometimes arch...

Desculpas são frequentemente utilizadas como forma de minimizar atribuições de causalidade interna após falhas na interação social. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar julgamentos de plausibilidade e reações emocionais a desculpas, assim como sua aceitabilidade. Participaram da pesquisa 155 estudantes universitários, que responderam a um instr...