Reinhilde Jacobs

KU Leuven | ku leuven · Department of Imaging and Pathology

Objective To develop and validate an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven tool for automated segmentation of the pulp cavity system of mandibular molars on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Materials and methods After ethical approval, 66 CBCT scans were retrieved from a hospital database and divided into training (n = 26, 86 molars), va...

Background Artificial intelligence (AI), a field within computer science, uses algorithms to replicate human intelligence tasks such as pattern recognition, decision‐making and problem‐solving through complex datasets. In endodontics, AI is transforming diagnosis and treatment by applying deep learning algorithms, notably convolutional neural netwo...

Aim High‐quality, prospective clinical studies are needed to increase evidence for guided endodontics. This study aims to assess the clinical outcome of guided endodontics for treatment of teeth presenting with pulp canal obliteration (PCO) in comparison with freehand treatment. Methodology This trial was registered in the ISRCTN.com registry (ISR...

Background/Objectives: The integration of AI into dentistry holds promise for improving diagnostic workflows, particularly in the detection of dental pathologies and pre-radiotherapy screening for head and neck cancer patients. This study aimed to develop and validate an AI model for detecting various dental conditions, with a focus on identifying...

Objectives This study aimed to report the clinical and radiographic results of 2.8 mm two‐piece narrow diameter implant (NDI) supporting fixed restorations. Materials and Methods Clinical and radiographic data of 54 NDIs in 32 patients were retrospectively assessed after 2 to 11 (mean 8.17) years of follow‐up. Clinical and radiographic measurement...

Objectives The objective of this study is to assess accuracy, time‐efficiency and consistency of a novel artificial intelligence (AI)‐driven automated tool for cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) and intraoral scan (IOS) registration compared with manual and semi‐automated approaches. Materials and Methods A dataset of 31 intraoral scans (IOSs) a...

Background Tooth segmentation on intraoral scanned (IOS) data is a prerequisite for clinical applications in digital workflows. Current state-of-the-art methods lack the robustness to handle variability in dental conditions. This study aims to propose and evaluate the performance of a convolutional neural network (CNN) model for automatic tooth seg...

Background and Aims There is a scarcity of evidence concerning the use of a prognostic instrument for predicting normal healing, delayed healing, and medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) occurrence following tooth extraction in medically compromised patients. The present study aimed to predict healing outcomes following tooth extract...

Objectives This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the accuracy and efficiency of artificial intelligence (AI)-driven automated landmark detection for cephalometric analysis on two-dimensional (2D) lateral cephalograms and three-dimensional (3D) cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images. Search methods An electronic search...

Cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging of the maxillary sinus is indispensable for implantologists, offering three‐dimensional anatomical visualization, morphological variation detection, and abnormality identification, all critical for diagnostics and treatment planning in digital implant workflows. The following systematic review presented...

Introduction Facial scanning through smartphone scanning applications (SSA) is increasingly being used for medical applications as cost‐effective, chairside method. However, clinical validation is lacking. This review aims to address: (1) Which SSA could perform facial scanning? (2) Which SSA can be clinically used? (3) Which SSA have been reported...

Accurate diagnosis of periodontal and peri‐implant diseases relies significantly on radiographic examination, especially for assessing alveolar bone levels, bone defect morphology, and bone quality. This narrative review aimed to comprehensively outline the current state‐of‐the‐art in radiographic diagnosis of alveolar bone diseases, covering both...

Objectives To assess quality, clinical acceptance, time-efficiency, and consistency of a novel artificial intelligence (AI)-driven tool for automated presurgical implant planning for single tooth replacement, compared to a human intelligence (HI)-based approach. Materials and methods To validate a novel AI-driven implant placement tool, a dataset...

This study investigates the effects of antiresorptive drugs and risk factors for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws in osteoporotic patients undergoing tooth extraction. Among the findings, antiresorptive-treated patients had thicker lamina dura and longer healing times. Additionally, corticosteroid intake and multi-rooted teeth carried a...

Background: Primary teeth segmentation on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans is essential for paediatric treatment planning. Conventional methods, however, are time-consuming and necessitate advanced expertise. Aim: The aim of this study was to validate an artificial intelligence (AI) cloud-based platform for automated segmentation (AS) of...

Background: To investigate the 2-year radiographic outcome of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-guided tooth autotransplantation (TAT) of a premolar to the maxillary incisor region in children. Methods: Eighteen paediatric patients with a missing maxillary incisor were recruited for CBCT-guided premolar transplantation to the maxillary central...

Background Several methods have been proposed to assess outcome of bone-grafted alveolar clefts on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), but so far these methods have not been compared and clinically validated. Objectives To validate and compare methods for outcome assessment of bone-grafted clefts with CBCT and provide recommendations for follow-...

While available treatments have addressed a variety of complications in the dentoalveolar region, associated challenges have resulted in exploration of tissue engineering techniques. Often, scaffold biomaterials with specific properties are required for such strategies to be successful, development of which is an active area of research. This study...

Objectives The present study aims to quantitatively assess secondary alveolar bone graft (SABG) resorption in unilateral cleft lip, alveolus and palate (UCLAP) patients in a 2–3 year longitudinal follow‐up setting by using a validated 3D protocol. Furthermore, the potential relation of SABG resorption with maxillary canine position and a number of...

Objectives: To assess the performance, time-efficiency, and consistency of a convolutional neural network (CNN) based automated approach for integrated segmentation of craniomaxillofacial structures compared with semi-automated method for creating a virtual patient using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. Methods: Thirty CBCT scans were s...

Objectives To evaluate the histological parameters and bone mechanical properties around implants with low primary stability (PS) in grafted bone substitutes within an oversized osteotomy. Materials and methods An oversized osteotomy penetrating the double cortical bone layers was made on both femora of 24 New Zealand white rabbits. Bilaterally in...

Prediction of lower third molar eruption is crucial for its timely extraction. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to investigate the prediction of lower third molar eruption and its uprighting with the assistance of an artificial intelligence (AI) tool. The secondary aim was identifying the incidence of fully erupted lower third molars wi...

The process of creating virtual models of dentomaxillofacial structures through three-dimensional segmentation is a crucial component of most digital dental workflows. This process is typically performed using manual or semi-automated approaches, which can be time-consuming and subject to observer bias. The aim of this study was to train and assess...

Third molar removal complication rates can be as high as 30%. Risk assessment tools may lower these rates. Artificial intelligence (AI) driven prediction models are a promising approach to predict possible unfavourable outcomes and cone beam computed tomography imaging may play an important role. AI prediction models are showing excellent results i...

Objectives MR neurography has the ability to detect and depict peripheral nerve injuries. This study evaluated the potential of MR neurography in the diagnosis of post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathy. Methods Forty-one participants prospectively underwent MR neurography of the lingual and inferior alveolar nerves using a 3D TSE STIR black-blood...

The aim of this study was to assess the morphological characteristics of the coronoid process (CP) and define coronoid hyperplasia (CH) using cadaveric mandibles of a Caucasian population. A sample of 151 adult dry cadaveric mandibles (302 CPs) was acquired. Three distances were measured, which included the width, height, and length of CP. The surf...

Objectives To evaluate the histological parameters and bone mechanical properties around implants with low primary stability (PS) in grafted bone substitutes within an oversized osteotomy. Materials and Methods An oversized osteotomy penetrating the double cortical bone layers was made on both femora of 24 New Zealand white rabbits. Bilaterally in...

Aim: To introduce an objective method to evaluate the accuracy of implant position assessment in partially edentulous patients by comparing different techniques (conventional impression, intraoral scan, CBCT) to a reference 3D model obtained with an industrial scanner, the latter mimicking the clinical situation. Materials & methods: Twenty-nine i...

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to review the recent literature on the technical accuracy of surgical navigation for patient-specific reconstruction of orbital fractures using a patient-specific implant, and to compare surgical navigation with conventional techniques. Materials and methods: A systematic literature search w...

Objectives To identify clinical and local radiographic predictors for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) by the assessment of pre-operative CBCT images of oncologic patients treated with anti-resorptive drugs (ARDs) undergoing tooth extractions. Methods This retrospective, longitudinal, case–control study included clinical and im...

Objectives To identify clinical and tomographic prognostic factors for conservative and surgical treatment of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ). Methods A retrospective search identified patients treated with antiresorptive drugs (ARDs), diagnosed with Stage 1, 2 or 3 MRONJ, and having CBCT scans previous to conservative or surg...

Objectives Tooth autotransplantation (TAT) is a viable biological approach for tooth replacement in children and adolescents. This study aimed to develop an innovative workflow utilising in-silico modelling to evaluate tooth autotransplantation (TAT) outcomes. Methods Patients were retrospectively screened from the University Hospitals of Leuven's...

Objectives Tooth autotransplantation has gained renewed attention thanks to digital dentistry, but the biomechanics of transplanted teeth remains poorly understood. Finite element (FE) models have shown promise in better understanding the biomechanical risks, but their creation is time-consuming. Model order reduction (MOR) techniques have been use...

To assess the observed volume of filled C-shaped root canals from different CBCT and micro-CT having nano-CT as a reference. Twelve extracted mandibular molars with C-shaped root canals were endodontically treated using Reciproc Blue R25 (VDW GMBH, Munich, Germany) in a reciprocating system and filled with gutta-percha (Dentsply Maillefer) and AH P...

Prediction of lower third molar eruption is crucial for its timely extraction. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to investigate the prediction of lower third molar eruption and its uprighting with the assistance of an artificial intelligence (AI) tool. The secondary aim was identifying the incidence of fully erupted lower third molars wi...

Purpose This systematic review was performed to assess the potential influence of medication-induced salivary changes on the development of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). Methods An electronic search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase databases for articles published up to June 2023. A risk of bi...

Background Optimization of dental cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging is still in a preliminary stage and should be addressed using task‐based methods. Dedicated models containing relevant clinical tasks for image quality studies have yet to be developed. Purpose To present a methodology to develop and validate a virtual adult anthropomor...

Background: The use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in dentistry started in the maxillofacial field, where it was used for complex and comprehensive treatment planning. Due to the use of reduced radiation dose compared to a computed tomography (CT) scan, CBCT has become a frequently used diagnostic tool in dental practice. However, publish...

Objectives: To investigate whether variations in head positioning may influence the reproducibility of cone-beam CT (CBCT) three-dimensional (3D) segmented models of the mandibular condyle. Methods: Five fresh frozen cadaver heads were scanned in four different positions: reference position (RP) and a set of three tilted alternative head position...

Background: This systematic review summarizes recent literature on the use of extended reality, including augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), and virtual reality (VR), in preoperative planning for orbital fractures. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane on 6 April 2023. The included stu...

Objectives: To train and validate a cloud-based convolutional neural network (CNN) model for automated segmentation (AS) of dental implant and attached prosthetic crown on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Methods: A total dataset of 280 maxillomandibular jawbone CBCT scans was acquired from patients who underwent implant placement wi...

Background For patients with a maxillary transversal deficiency (MTD), various treatment options are available, partly based on the practitioner’s experience. This study aimed to determine a cut-off age for decision making between surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARPE) over orthodontic rapid palatal expansion (ORPE) based on skeletal m...

Accurate mandibular canal (MC) detection is crucial to avoid nerve injury during surgical procedures. Moreover, the anatomic complexity of the interforaminal region requires a precise delineation of anatomical variations such as the anterior loop (AL). Therefore, CBCT-based presurgical planning is recommended, even though anatomical variations and...

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate 2-dimensional (2D) and 3D morphometric parameters of C-shaped root canals on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and microcomputed tomography (microCT) images using nanocomputed tomography (nanoCT) as the reference standard. Study design: Sixty mandibular molars with C-shaped canals were in...

Aims: The aim of this presentation is to discuss associations between aetiologies, fracture types, and neurological complications. Additionally, treatment methods in relation to the recovery time will be discussed. Materials and Methods: Medical files and radiological files of 272 patients with unilateral and bilateral ZMC fractures were reviewed,...

The biomechanics of transplanted teeth remain poorly understood due to a lack of models. In this context, finite element (FE) analysis has been used to evaluate the influence of occlusal morphology and root form on the biomechanical behavior of the transplanted tooth, but the construction of a FE model is extremely time-consuming. Model order reduc...

Objectives: To compare the performance of the Malmgren index on 2D and 3D radiographs. Methods: Patients with a panoramic radiograph and a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) taken at an interval of <3 months and presenting root resorption (RR) on at least one incisor and/or canine were retrospectively included. RR was scored twice by two obser...

The aim was to present expert-based guidelines on the management of trigeminal nerve injuries. A two-round multidisciplinary Delphi study was conducted amongst international trigeminal nerve injury experts with a set of statements and three summary flowcharts using a nine-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree; 9 = strongly agree). An item was d...

Objectives: The aim of this technical report was to develop customized pediatric phantoms for cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-related research in cleft patients. Methods: Six human pediatric skulls (age: 5-10 years) were recruited. A cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan was taken for each skull, followed by virtual modeling through the...

The aim of this study was to compare the quantification of hard-tissue debris by using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and nano-focus computed tomography (nano-CT) after root canal instrumentation. Ten mandibular molars containing an isthmus in the mesial root were scanned in a SkyScan 1172 micro-CT device with a voxel size of 12.8 µm and in a...

Background: Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a novel innovation in the field of craniomaxillofacial surgery, however, a lack of evidence exists related to the comparison of the trueness of skull models fabricated using different technology-based printers belonging to different cost segments. Methods: A study was performed to investigate the tr...

Quantitative sensory testing (QST) is a valuable tool in the assessment of orofacial somatosensory function and dysfunction. QST is a method where thermal and mechanical stimuli are applied to the area of interest in a noninvasive way. The QST technique can detect patterns of loss of sensation that may happen in case of hypoesthesia, hypoalgesia, a...