Reinhard Arnold Klenke

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• Dr. rer. nat.
• PostDoc Position at German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research

Identifying the winners and losers of biodiversity change within different habitat types requires systematic monitoring. While such data are still lacking in Germany, species trends could be derived from previously untapped sources. Here, we derive temporal trends in plant species from data of repeated habitat mapping programs of three German state...

Over the last decades, the worldwide decline of amphibian populations has become a major concern of researchers and conservationists. Studies have reported a diversity of trends, with some species strongly declining, others remaining stable and still others increasing. However, only a few species have been monitored annually for a long period of ti...

Currently, there is no RS-based tool to derive hybrid raster and zonal RS-based indicators. • We use our recently developed and freely available ESIS/Imalys RS tool to quantify feature-based landscape structures , land use intensity and landscape change. • Based on the ESIS/Imalys tool, indicators are derived to model the importance of landscape in...

Over the last decades, the worldwide decline of amphibian populations has become a major concern of researchers and conservationists. Studies have reported a diversity of trends, with some species declining seriously, others remaining stable and still others increasing. Only a few species have been monitored annually for a long period of time by sp...

Many insect species are facing existential crises, primarily due to diverse human-induced activities. Most insect assessments, however, are based on short-term data or some iconic species. Here, in close collaboration with taxonomic experts from natural history societies, we compiled the best available occurrence data for ground beetles in Germany,...

In seiner Rezension zu dem Buch „Vogelwarte Hiddensee ‒ Acht Jahrzehnte Vogelforschung in Deutschland“ von Köppen & Görner (2018) schrieb Klaus Nottmeyer, dass „[...] die Geschichte der Vogelwarte Hiddensee nicht zuletzt Zeugnis einer schweren Niederlage der deutschen Vogelforschung nach 1990 [...]“ gewesen sei, dass aber über die Hintergründe dies...

German article: Citizen science, the active participation of interested members of the public in research projects by both experts and newcomers, is becoming increasingly important for biodiversity monitoring and conservation. This development is promoted by the transformative effects of citizen science in the fields of science, education and parti...

Context Habitat connectivity can stabilise animal populations by facilitating immigration and genetic exchange, but it increases the risk of infectious diseases being spread by hosts. Chytridiomycosis caused by Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) threatens European salamander diversity. The extent to which the connectivity of populations of fi...

Long-term analyses of biodiversity data highlight a ‘biodiversity conservation paradox’: biological communities show substantial species turnover over the past century1,2, but changes in species richness are marginal1,3–5. Most studies, however, have focused only on the incidence of species, and have not considered changes in local abundance. Here...

Detecting species trends across different habitat types and larger regions is required to generate a general and reliable foundation for conservation planning. While direct monitoring data covering a large spatial and temporal extent are mostly lacking, data collected for other purposes than monitoring can be considered to detect trends. Here we an...

Citizen scientists play an increasingly important role in biodiversity monitoring. Most of the data, however, are unstructured—collected by diverse methods that are not documented with the data. Insufficient understanding of the data collection processes presents a major barrier to the use of citizen science data in biodiversity research. We develo...

Large‐scale biodiversity databases have great potential for quantifying long‐term trends of species, but they also bring many methodological challenges. Spatial bias of species occurrence records is well recognized. Yet, the dynamic nature of this spatial bias – how spatial bias has changed over time – has been largely overlooked. We examined the s...

Remote sensing (RS) enables a cost-effective, extensive, continuous and standardized monitoring of traits and trait variations of geomorphology and its processes, from the local to the continental scale. To implement and better understand RS techniques and the spectral indicators derived from them in the monitoring of geomorphology, this paper pres...

Christensen et al. criticized the application of Beals’ index of sociological favourability to adjust for incomplete species lists when comparing repeated surveys. Their main argument was that using Beals’ conditional occurrence probabilities would systematically underestimate biodiversity change compared to using observed frequencies. Although thi...

Efficient biodiversity conservation requires that limited resources be allocated in accordance with national responsibilities and priorities. Without appropriate computational tools, the process of determining these national responsibilities and conservation priorities is time intensive when considering many species across geographic scales. Here,...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227698.].

Although the invention and widespread use of artificial light is clearly one of the most important human technological advances, the transformation of nightscapes is increasingly recognized as having adverse effects. Night lighting may have serious physiological consequences for humans, ecological and evolutionary implications for animal and plant...

Seit Inkrafttreten des Stromeinspeisegesetzes im Jahr 1991 und des Erneuerbaren-Ener-gien-Gesetzes (EEG) im Jahr 2000 entwickeln sich die erneuerbaren Energien (EE) insbe-sondere im Strombereich rasant. Wurden im Jahr 1990 nur ca. 19 TWh Strom aus EE er-zeugt, waren es im Jahr 2017 schon ca. 216 TWh. EE nehmen nach Braun- und Steinkohle damit den z...

The risk of collision with wind turbines remains a critical issue for bird conservation. Undoubtedly, for the continued development of wind farms to increase the energy capacity, wind farm locations must be carefully chosen going forward. This can be achieved not only by avoiding areas with higher bird densities but also by avoiding installations a...

With the increase in wind turbines, bird collisions have developed as a potential hazard. In the federal state of Brandenburg, Germany, despite the on-going mitigation efforts of increasing the distances of wind turbines from the breeding areas of the more severely affected populations of red kites (Milvus milvus), the additional detrimental influe...

Die heimische Flora und Fauna reagieren auf künstliche Beleuchtung. Die Bewertung der Auswirkungen von künstlicher Beleuchtung auf insbesondere dämmerungs- und nachtaktive Arten und ihre Lebensgemeinschaften ist schwierig, weil Änderungen der Beziehungen und Abhängigkeiten von Arten und Lebensgemeinschaften unter dem Einfluss von künstlichem Licht...

Ecology often faces the problem that many threatened species are highly elusive but also conflict-laden. Thus, proper monitoring data are inevitable for their conservation and management. Indirect monitoring through scats is frequently used for such species, but scats of related species or species with similar diet are often visually indistinguisha...

Biodiversity-related impacts at wind energy facilities have increasingly become a cause of conservation concern, central issue being the collision of birds. Utilizing spatial information of their carcass detections at wind turbines (WTs), we quantified the detections in relation to the metric distances of the respective turbines to different land-u...

Forest ecosystems fulfill a whole host of ecosystem functions that are essential for life on our planet. However, an unprecedented level of anthropogenic influences is reducing the resilience and stability of our forest ecosystems as well as their ecosystem functions. The relationships between drivers, stress, and ecosystem functions in forest ecos...

Biodiversity-related impacts at wind energy facilities have increasingly become a cause of conservation concern, central issue being the collision of birds. Utilizing spatial information of their carcass detections at wind turbines (WTs), we quantified the detections in relation to the metric distances of the respective turbines to different land-u...

We explored how presence data and expert opinions performed with respect to identifying the ecological preferences and the spatial needs of six butterfly species in the Federal State of Saxony, Germany. We used presence records and a land-cover map. In parallel we used expert responses to evaluate the 40 land-cover types occurring in the map, in te...

An der Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg fand im September 2016 das dritte internationale Symposium für Odorologie „Faszinosum Spürhunde, Gefahren sichtbar machen – Gefahren abwenden“ statt. Die große Nachfrage bei Behörden, Hundeführern, Wissenschaft und Justiz zeigt auf, wie wichtig dieser Wissensaustausch auch weiterhin sein wird. Die Welt der Hundena...

Agriculture is the predominant land-use in the EU and there is robust evidence that there are widespread declines in farmland biodiversity in agricultural areas. The drivers of these declines therefore need to be identified and addressed if the EU is to achieve its target of halting the loss of biodiversity by 2020. A variety of studies have indica...

Artificial light at night (LAN) has become a stressor of global extent. Previous work has highlighted the high potential of LAN to interfere with annual and diel rhythms of seasonal organisms as well as to affect interactions at the community level. However, our understanding how LAN induced alterations of activity and breeding cycles affect the re...

Impacts of human civilization on ecosystems threaten global biodiversity. In a changing environment, traditional in situ approaches to biodiversity monitoring have made significant steps forward to quantify and evaluate BD at many scales but still, these methods are limited to comparatively small areas. Earth observation (EO) techniques may provide...

Fragmentation and human-wildlife conflicts represent severe threats to wildcats such as the kodkod cat (Leopardus guigna), endemic to the heavily impacted Chilean temperate rainforest. Here we assess to which extent this vulnerable forest specialist is able to use altered habitat (agricultural matrix, forest edge, human presence) by studying its ho...

Poster made for the Exhibition: Exhibition: A changing Leipzig through the lense of Urban Research at the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ). http://www.ufz.de/index.php?en=39474

Die als Licht bezeichnete elektromagnetische Strahlung im für Menschen sichtbaren und einem schmalen daran angrenzenden, unsichtbaren Bereich spielt für viele Lebensbereiche des Menschen eine große, wenn nicht sogar herausragende Rolle. Gleiches gilt für viele tagaktive Tierarten. Umgekehrt ist für viele in der Nacht oder in dunklen Lebensräumen ak...

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is one of the most obvious hallmarks of human presence in an ecosystem. The rapidly increasing use of artificial light has fundamentally transformed nightscapes throughout most of the globe, although little is known about how ALAN impacts the biodiversity and food webs of illuminated ecosystems. We developed a large...

In order to maximize their fitness, organisms in seasonal environments rely on external cues to optimally time their life-history stages. One of the most important zeitgeber to time reproduction is the photoperiod, but further environmental cues are assessed to fine-tune reproduction due to year-to-year variation in environmental conditions. Howeve...

Quantifying population status is a key objective in many ecological studies, but is often difficult to achieve for cryptic or elusive species. Here, non-invasive genetic capture-mark-recapture (CMR) methods have become a very important tool to estimate population parameters, such as population size and sex ratio. The Eurasian otter ( Lutra lutra )...

In the urbanized world, the diurnal cycle of light and darkness has lost its accuracy due to artificial light at night (LAN). Because light is one of the most important zeitgebers for the synchronization of the endogenous clock, this loss of the night has serious implications for health and activity patterns. Although it is a well-known phenomenon...

Bei Vögeln ist der optische Sinn nicht nur besonders entwickelt und für die Orientierung nahezu unverzichtbar, er spielt auch eine große Rolle in vielen anderen Lebensbereichen, wie z. B. der Nahrungssuche oder der Kommunikation. Über die Wahrnehmung von Licht wird auch der Biorhythmus beeinflusst. Vögel können die Umwelt in einer Weise wahrnehmen,...

This paper summarises discussions in a workshop entitled “exploring uncertainties in biodiversity science, policy and management”. It draws together experiences gained by scientists and scholars when encountering and coping with different types of uncertainty in their work in the field of biodiversity protection. The discussion covers all main phas...

The 5-year EU project Securing the Conservation of biodiversity across Administrative Levels and spatial, temporal, and Ecological Scales (SCALES) has come to an end in July 2014 resulting in a first of its kind description of challenges that arise in protecting biodiversity across different scales. A wide range of practical methods and recommenda...

This chapter provides an overview of concepts of “scale” as used throughout this book, looking first at usage in English and then drawing upon some other languages represented in the SCALES project. It shows how “scale” is used primarily in a spatial sense, referring to various relationships among things of differing sizes. There are scales of patt...

Conservation actions, such as biodiversity monitoring, wildlife disease monitoring, capacity building or the evaluation and improvement of the effectiveness of current conservation networks in protecting biodiversity, could largely benefit from an intelligible resource allocation (Schmeller et al. 2014). In the past, conservation was prioritized by...

What is the first thing that comes to mind when reading the word ‘connectivity’? Is it perhaps ‘corridors’? For some people the answer might be ‘yes’, because corridors can easily attract one’s attention, especially in the innovative form of ‘ecoducts’ or ‘eco-bridges’ (Figure 1). However, there has been a running debate for several decades regardi...

Sampling is fundamental to most ecological studies and a representative sampling design is of high importance for biodiversity monitoring. It was previously recommended that the ecological sampling design should be stratified to improve precision, accuracy, and to ensure proper spatial coverage (Gregory et al. 2004). Hence, stratified random sampli...

Dealing with connectivity is complicated because of often unclear terminology, the complicated mathematical handling of irregularly shaped and distributed geometrical objects forming landscapes, and the methodological problems we have to face when we work at multiple scales. Connectivity is very much related to terms like fragmentation and sub-diss...

Technological innovations have revolutionised communication and dissemination of information, impacting virtually all aspects of modern life. This revolution has not halted in front of science or applied biodiversity conservation. For centuries, communication in science relied primarily on printed media. Whereas printed media still play an importan...

Biodiversity and its effective management are inextricably related to scale. The main pressures on terrestrial biodiversity (i.e. habitat loss and fragmentation and climate change, Settele et al. 2014) and the socio-economic drivers behind these pressures act differently at different scales. Effective conservation measures must thus explicitly cons...

Larvae of bird blow flies are hematophagous intermittent parasites and they infect a variety of bird host species. In this study we focused on the prevalence of infestation in nests of Turdus merula in two sites with different climate. We collected 57 nests from Bratislava (Slovakia) which has a warmer climate and 37 nests from Leipzig (Germany) wh...

In long-lived social mammals such as primates, individuals can benefit from social bonds with close kin, including their mothers. In the patrilocal chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes spp.) and bonobo (Pan paniscus), sexually mature males reside and reproduce in their natal groups and can retain post-dependency bonds with their mothers, while immatures of...

The main goal of non-invasive genetic capture-mark-recapture (CMR) analysis is to gain an unbiased and reliable population size estimate of species that cannot be sampled directly. The method has become an important and widely used tool to research and manage wildlife populations. However, researchers have to struggle with low amplification success...

How does the loss of nocturnal darkness affect humans and what does it mean for animals and plants? This book presents the consequences of humans' artificial lighting - a phenomenon that has been almost completely ignored until now. From the contents 1. Eine kurze Geschichte des Lichts; Thomas Posch 2. Nacht und Kampf gegen die Nacht aus kulturhis...

Study sites differ in traffic noise and artificial night light. The amount of traffic noise and artificial night light blackbirds experience at the song post are plotted as the mean and standard error for the corresponding study site. In the city centre, the sites show a high variability, whereas the bigger parks (P2– P5) are relatively homogenous....

Delay of song onset of park and city centre blackbirds over the study period. A Julian Date of 90 indicates the 1st April 2011 and the 31st March 2012, respectively. (TIFF)

Moran’s I computed by distance class. Positive (negative) values indicate positive (negative) spatial autocorrelation. Values range from −1 (indicating perfect dispersion) to +1 (perfect correlation). A Moran’s I of zero indicates a random spatial pattern. Red points indicate spatial autocorrelation that is significant at the 5% level. (TIF)

Organisms living in urban environments are exposed to different environmental conditions compared to their rural conspecifics. Especially anthropogenic noise and artificial night light are closely linked to urbanization and pose new challenges to urban species. Songbirds are particularly affected by these factors, because they rely on the spread of...

The book presents a structured procedure covering ecological and legal, economic, and social aspects of the wildlife conflicts. This book is about conflicts between different stakeholder groups triggered by protected species that compete with humans for natural resources. It presents key ecological features of typical conflict species and mitigati...

An overview is given about the history of a conflict-laden relationship between Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) and humans in Saxony for more than 100 years. The development of the conflict is described in front of the background of otter persecution, population development, social and economical factors as well as legal instruments in four historica...

The shared use of natural resources by humans and wildlife is the basis of long-lasting conflicts whose reconciliation is an urgent need. To fully understand the degree of damage and the conflict intensity, detailed knowledge is required on the distribution and abundance of animals and thus their visiting rate and contact with vulnerable resources,...

Conflicts arising from the competition of humans and wildlife for biological resources are as old as humankind. Changes in civil society’s attitudes towards wildlife and the success of conservation management have resulted in wildlife prospering again and returning to areas from where they had disappeared and even spreading to new habitats. This is...

One way to mitigate conflicts between species protection and economic damage is population management, i.e. active control of the target species. Any strategy of population control, however, has to meet the constraint that the population stays viable. This chapter presents a framework for modelling and monitoring the viability of populations under...

It is not only on the occasion of the 222th anniversary of Der philosophische Bauer (The philosophical farmer) from Johann Andreas Naumann which led about 60 authors to have an ornithologic glance at society. Observation and the observation of observation are linked with the practice of collecting and archiving knowledge. Its management, structures...

Wildlife captures the imagination of humans. The image of wildlife and human-wildlife conflicts differs among people. Therefore, it is essential in a book that addresses human-wildlife conflicts to first clarify what we understand by “wildlife” and “human-wildlife conflicts”. In the broadest sense, all wild, undomesticated animals and plants belong...

Attempts to reconcile human-wildlife conflicts are usually developed on a case-by-case approach. A generic framework can offer help in the reconciliation of such conflicts by building on common elements and the experience gained in case studies. Here we introduce the concept and structure of such a generic framework that is based on the experience...

Abstract This summary description focuses on the coarse grain analysis as represented by the German national case study report (Deliverable 7.2.1) applying to the territory of Germany. We address and model the integration of ecological indicators into intergovernmental fiscal transfers from the national to the state, i.e. Länder level in Germany, a...

Background/Question/Methods Urban living organisms are exposed to completely different environmental conditions compared to their rural conspecifics. Especially anthropogenic noise and artificial night light are closely linked to urbanization and pose new challenges to urban species. Songbirds are particularly prone to these factors since they re...

VÖGEL VERLASSEN SICH WIE KAUM EINE ANDERE TIERGRUPPE AUF IHREN OPTISCHEN SINN. Orientierung, Kommunikation, Partnerwahl, Nahrungssuche und Feindvermeidung werden durch ihn bestimmt. Künstlich veränderte Lichtverhältnisse können somit vielfältige Auswirkungen haben. Viele hundert Vogelarten ziehen nachts. Unter bestimmten Witterungsbedingungen werde...

The individual identification of animals is crucial for the estimation of population size, animal density and other ecological investigations. If species are rare and cryptic or difficult to catch and observe, non invasive techniques are preferred. But genetic analyses can be very expensive if used at a landscape scale. Therefore a combination of s...

The individual identification of animals is crucial for the estimation of population size, animal density and other ecological investig ations. If species are rare and cryptic or difficult to catch and observe, non invasive techniques are preferred. But genetic analyses can be very expensive if used at a landscape scale. Therefore a combination of...

Populations of the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) were tremendously depleted in Central Europe since the end of the 19th century. As a consequence, populations in Germany decreased heavily and in Western Germany otters even disappeared. This led to a gap in distribution that disconnects Eastern and Western European populations. But, since the 1990s o...

Populations of the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) were tremendously depleted in Central Europe since the end of the 19th century. As a consequence, populations in Germany decreased heavily – in Western Germany the otters even disappeared. This led to a distribution gap that disconnects populations in Eastern and Western Europe. But since the 1990s ot...

Although the invention and widespread use of artificial light is clearly one of the most important human technological advances, the transformation of nightscapes is increasingly recognized as having adverse effects. Night lighting may have serious physiological consequences for humans, ecological and evolutionary implications for animal and plant...