Reinhard Fischer

Reinhard Fischer
University of Bremen | Uni Bremen · Department of Geosciences

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417
Publications
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4,648
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Publications

Publications (417)
Article
Full-text available
Refractive indices of minerals and inorganic compounds can be calculated from their chemical compositions using the additivity rule for electronic polarizabilities and converting the sum of polariz-abilities α using the Anderson-Eggleton relationship:αAE=(nD2-1)Vm4π+(4π3-2.26)(nD2-1) with the molar volume Vm solved for the mean refractive index nD...
Article
Full-text available
VO and VO2 vanadyl groups with short (typically 1.57–1.68 Å), essentially covalent, V—O bonds are common for V⁴⁺-bearing oxysalts with [5]- and [6]-coordinated vanadium. There is a clear negative correlation between vanadyl bond lengths and wavenumbers of the bands of V—O stretching vibrations in infrared spectra (in the range 1000–880 cm⁻¹). Optic...
Article
Single crystals of five (Al,Ge)-mullites incorporating Pb, and four of which also incorporating foreign cations (Fe,Cr,Nd,Sm) were grown by flux techniques in a PbO-MoO3 flux. They were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe analyses, single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In addition, the refractive indices of mullite contai...
Article
Full-text available
In recent years, a large number of precisely determined crystal structure determinations of zeolites, that is compounds based on open frameworks of coordination tetrahedra, has accumulated. This gives us the opportunity to evaluate them in terms of the flexibility of their bond angles T–X–T which serve as hinges between the coordination tetrahedra...
Article
Full-text available
Most known compounds with five-coordinated Ti⁴⁺ are natural and synthetic titanosilicates. The crystal structure of natural fresnoite, Ba2TiSi2O8 [tetragonal, space group P4bm, a = 8.510 (1) Å, c = 5.197 (1) Å, V = 376.4 (1) ų, Z = 2], has been refined to R = 0.011 on the basis of 807 unique single-crystal reflections with I > 2σ(I). Titanium has...
Preprint
Full-text available
In recent years a large number of precisely determined crystal structure determinations of zeolites, that is compounds based on open frameworks of coordination tetrahedra, has accumulated. This gives us the opportunity to evaluate them in terms of the flexibility of their bond angles T-X-T which serve as hinges between the coordination tetrahedra i...
Article
Full-text available
The electronic polarizabilities of most cations, such as Na+, Ca2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, and Zr4+, show a monotonic decrease as the cation coordination increases. However, polarizabilities of the ions [5]Ti4+, [5]V5+, and [6]V5+ show strong deviations from a regular decrease. In this paper we characterize the [5]Ti and vanadyl compounds by infrared frequenc...
Article
Full-text available
Single crystals of ABW-type CsAlTiO4 (CAT), CsFeTiO4 (CFT), CsGaTiO4 (CGT), and ANA-type CsTi1.1Si1.9O6.5 (CST) were grown and characterized by electron microprobe analyses, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, thermal analyses, and spindle-stage optical investigations to determine the electronic polarizability of 4-coordinated Ti⁴⁺, α([4]Ti⁴⁺). The c...
Article
Within the last sixty years, several authors stated that they have synthesized iota-alumina (ι-Al2O3), the hypothetical endmember of the mullite compositional series Al2[Al2+2xSi2−2x]O10-x with x = 1. Iota-alumina is supposed to be a silica-free aluminate having a mullite-like X-ray diffraction pattern. However, no detailed information about its cr...
Article
Full-text available
A single crystal (∼ 20 µm × 20 µm × 330 µm) of mullite-2c, a natural polytype of mullite, was separated from a radially grown cluster of acicular crystals from Ettringer Bellerberg (Quarternary Eifel volcanic fields, Germany). The chemical composition determined from electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) is Na0.01Mg0.05Al8.52Fe0.293+Si3.13Ti0.02O19.5...
Article
Full-text available
It is shown here that the H2O content of hydrous minerals can be determined from their mean refractive indices with high accuracy. This is especially important when only small single crystals are available. Such small crystals are generally not suitable for thermal analyses or for other reliable methods of measuring the amount of H2O. In order to d...
Article
We have evaluated more than 7,000 crystal structures of zeolites in terms of the values of their bond lengths T-O (T = Si, Al, P, Zn, Be, Ge, B, As, Ga, Co) and their variability, as well as the flexibility of their bond angles O-T-O. Out of these known crystal structure descriptions of zeolites we have selected 1179 which have estimated standard d...
Article
Full-text available
POLARIO is a computer program to calculate total electronic polarizabilities, refractive energies, and refractive indices of transparent minerals and synthetic crystalline compounds from their chemical composition and molar volume. If measured refractive indices or observed polarizabilities are entered, POLARIO also allows calculation of the deviat...
Article
Full-text available
Empirical electronic polarizabilities allow the prediction of total mineral polarizabilities and mean refractive indices of the vast majority of minerals and synthetic oxides. However, deviations from the valence-sum rule at cations in some minerals are associated with large deviations of observed from calculated total polarizabilities. We have ide...
Article
Full-text available
This is a comprehensive compilation of refractive indices of 1933 minerals and 1019 synthetic compounds including exact chemical compositions and references taken from 30 compilations and many mineral and synthetic oxide descriptions. It represents a subset of about 4000 entries used by Shannon and Fischer (2016) to determine the polarizabilities o...
Article
The crystal structure and disorder phenomena of Al4B2O9, an aluminum borate from the mullite-type family, were studied using automated diffraction tomography (ADT), a recently established method for collection and analysis of electron diffraction data. Al4B2O9, prepared by sol-gel approach, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/m. The ab in...
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing LTA type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameter such as atomic coordinates, interatomic distance and angle along with topological symmetry of zeolites containing ITN type framework. The chemical composition of the zeolite is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing MFI type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing JST type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing HEU type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing LAU type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing CGF type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing ERI type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing BOG type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameter such as atomic coordinates, interatomic distance and angle along with topological symmetry of zeolites containing IRY type framework. The chemical composition of the zeolite is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameter such as atomic coordinates, interatomic distance and angle along with topological symmetry of zeolites containing JSR type framework. The chemical composition of the zeolite is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing AFY type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing EPI type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing AST type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing FAU type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameter such as atomic coordinates, interatomic distance and angle along with topological symmetry of zeolites containing ITT type framework. The chemical composition of the zeolite is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing CLO type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameter such as atomic coordinates, interatomic distance and angle along with topological symmetry of zeolites containing UOV type framework. The chemical composition of the zeolite is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing MEL type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing CZP type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing AFN type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameter such as atomic coordinates, interatomic distance and angle along with topological symmetry of zeolites containing CSV type framework. The chemical composition of the zeolite is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing CON type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing MER type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing AFS type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameter such as atomic coordinates, interatomic distance and angle along with topological symmetry of zeolites containing POS type framework. The chemical composition of the zeolite is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameter such as atomic coordinates, interatomic distance and angle along with topological symmetry of zeolites containing SSO type framework. The chemical composition of the zeolite is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing DON type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing CAN type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing ISV type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameter such as atomic coordinates, interatomic distance and angle along with topological symmetry of zeolites containing IFW type framework. The chemical composition of the zeolite is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing LOS type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameter such as atomic coordinates, interatomic distance and angle along with topological symmetry of zeolites containing JNT type framework. The chemical composition of the zeolite is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing ATS type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing DDR type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing GOO type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing ETL type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing AEL type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides concept for the description and representation of the crystal structure and list of minerals with zeolite-type frameworks. The crystal structural parameters and chemical composition for the list of materials with zeolite-type structures and polyhedral units are also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing DOH type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameter such as atomic coordinates, interatomic distance and angle along with topological symmetry of zeolites containing PSI type framework. The chemical composition of the zeolite is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameter such as atomic coordinates, interatomic distance and angle along with topological symmetry of zeolites containing MWF type framework. The chemical composition of the zeolite is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing AWW type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing CAS type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing GME type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters such as atomic coordinates, interatomic distance and angle along with topological symmetry of zeolites containing AFV type framework. The chemical composition of the zeolite is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing AFG type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameter such as atomic coordinates, interatomic distance and angle along with topological symmetry of zeolites containing AVL type framework. The chemical composition of the zeolite is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameter such as atomic coordinates, interatomic distance and angle of zeolites containing ABW type framework. The chemical composition of the zeolite is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing ANA type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing EUO type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing FER type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing BRE type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing IFR type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameter such as atomic coordinates, interatomic distance and angle along with topological symmetry of zeolites containing IFO type framework. The chemical composition of the zeolite is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing CFI type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing BEA type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameter such as atomic coordinates, interatomic distance and angle along with topological symmetry of zeolites containing SEW type framework. The chemical composition of the zeolite is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing AET type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing AFX type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing AWO type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameter such as atomic coordinates, interatomic distance and angle along with topological symmetry of zeolites containing EWT type framework. The chemical composition of the zeolite is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameter such as atomic coordinates, interatomic distance and angle along with topological symmetry of zeolites containing OKO type framework. The chemical composition of the zeolite is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing AFI type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing LTL type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing GIS type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameter such as atomic coordinates, interatomic distance and angle along with topological symmetry of zeolites containing IFU type framework. The chemical composition of the zeolite is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing CGS type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing CHI type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing MAZ type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing MEI type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameters of zeolites containing BIK type framework. The chemical composition of the compounds is also given here.
Chapter
This chapter provides the crystal structural parameter such as atomic coordinates, interatomic distance and angle along with topological symmetry of zeolites containing SVV type framework. The chemical composition of the zeolite is also given here.

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