Reeni Malik

Gandhi Medical College | GMC Bhopal · Department of Pathology (1)

Background The International Academy of Cytology (I.A.C.) Yokohama System to report breast cytopathology can effectively categorize breast diseases into different cytological groups. Fine needle aspiration (FNAC) from the lesions in the breast has been regarded as a major method of diagnosing breast cancer, particularly in rural settings. The major...

Background and Aim: Pigmented skin lesions, ranging from benign to malignant, are clinically and histopathologically diverse, requiring accurate categorization for effective management. This study aims to analyze the histomorphological patterns of various pigmented skin lesions, focusing on distinguishing between melanocytic and non-melanocytic typ...

BACKGROUND: Cyclin D1 is an important protein that has a widespread role in governing cell proliferation rates, and cell cycle regulations. In variety of tumors overexpression of Cyclin D1 has been reported. Present study was carried out to study the expression of cyclin D1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its association with histopathological...

BACKGROUND Hematological disorders encompass a broad spectrum of disorders affecting blood & bone marrow. Among a myriad of diagnostic tests that can be applied to the analysis of hematological diseases, bone marrow examination is one of the most valuable diagnostic tools. The Bone marrow aspirate and imprint & trephine biopsy specimens are complem...

Background One of the most prevalent gynaecological cancers in developed nations is Endometrial Carcinoma. Endometrial hyperplasia, Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia and nally fully developed, well-differentiated Adenocarcinoma are regarded to be the progression of premalignant lesions into Endometrial Carcinoma. The p53 signalling pathways are cru...

Introduction:- There is always possibilities of transmission of transfusion transmissible diseases. Blood transfusion can transmit Human immunodeciency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV), through infected blood. Even Routine serological screening test and ELISA [Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay] can not detect all i...

Background: The International Academy of Cytology (IAC) Yokohama System to report breast cytopathology can effectively categorize breast diseases into different cytological groups. Fine needle aspiration (FNAC) from the lesions in the breast has been regarded as an effective method of diagnosing breast cancer, particularly in rural settings. The pr...

p>The ectopic kidneys are a rare developmental disorder. The ectopic kidneys are the result of the cessation of normal migration. The incidence of ectopic kidney is 1/12,000 clinical cases and 1/900 post-mortem cases. Such kidneys may be asymptomatic, show vague symptoms, or remain undetected for life. However, early detection of ectopic kidneys ca...

Background:-Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is the most important cause of cervical cancer.Since Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) and HPV are transmitted sexually and infect the same cell type, both viruses have the potential to interact with each other, impacting neoplastic progression. Aimand Objective: - This study was conducted to find out asso...

Background Trend analysis in cancer quantifies the incidence rate and explains the trend and pattern. Breast and cervical cancers are the two most common cancers among Indian women which contributed 39.4 % to the total cancer in India for the year 2020. This study aimed to report the time trends in cancer incidence of breast and cervical cancer usi...

BACKGROUND Thrombosis is a well-recognized and common complication in patients with malignant disease and can contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality of this disease. We wanted to compare the coagulation parameters in benign and malignant neoplasms. METHODS A comparative study was done and a total of 230 cases (75 benign and 155 mal...

BACKGROUND Understanding various risk factors associated with breast cancer can help in early identification & prompt treatment of patients with breast cancer. Apart from clinical parameters like age, disease presentation and menopausal status, important prognostic indicators in histopathology are size and extent of tumour, histologic type,histolog...

Aim: To study the clinicopathological spectrum of cervical cancers in tertiary care center to assess scenario in Central India. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study in the Department of Pathology in our institution to evaluate cases of cervical cancers from January 2014 to August 2015. Histopathological diagnosis was correlated with age, symp...

Background: Understanding the markers for predicting degree of dysplasia and progression to malignancy can help early identification and prompt treatment of patients with oral cancers. In this study, we aim to identify and characterize different tumor suppressor genes such as p-53 and p-16 and proliferation marker Ki-67 in defining stages of dyspl...

Introduction: Study was planned to investigate PTEN gene expression in endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma as analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Material and Method: This study was conducted on 80 endometrial samples in the Department of Pathology, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal (January 2012 to August 2016) Results: 5 out of 5 cases of proliferat...

Background: Cytokeratin-5 which stains the basal cell layer of the of the prostatic glands and Ki-67 which is a proliferation marker and stains the proliferative population of the lesion has been employed as markers of two different categories viz. basal cell marker and proliferative markers respectively in various studies. Aim of this study was to...

Background: Ki-67 expression is strictly associated with cellular proliferation and is an excellent marker for determining the growth fraction of a given cell population. It may be considered as alternative to mitotic counts in grading schemes and as a single parameter that can be used in fine needle aspirates and small biopsies. The aim of this st...

Acute leukemias being a heterogeneous group of malignancies not only varying in clinical, morphologic, immunologic and molecular characteristics but also in prognosis and specific therapy. Currently flow - cytometry is considered the gold standard for diagnosis bu t it is costly and not available in majority of the centers in developing countries (...

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women both in developed and developing countries. The current study was conducted to correlate the molecular sub-typing of breast cancer with the Histological typing, Bloom Richardson grading and TNM staging. A cross sectional study was conducted on 70 invasive breast carcinoma samples from November 201...

BACKGROUND: Iron absorption is carefully regulated to maintain equilibrium between the absorption and the body loss of iron. Thalassemia is a genetic disorder of hemoglobin synthesis requiring regular blood transfusion leading to iron overload in the body which leads to morbidity and mortality in these patients. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To demonstra...

BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency anemia is one of the most prevalent forms of malnutrition. The list of diagnostic tools is quite long starting from the basic hemogram, p.s for comment, reticulocyte count to iron studies including serum ferritin, serum iron, total iron binding capacity. Evaluation of the bone marrow iron stores is the gold standard. AIM...

BACKGROUND : Beta - thalassemia syndromes are a group of hereditary blood disorders characterized by reduced or absent beta globin chain synthesis , resulting in transfusion dependent severe anemia , leading to iron overload , resulting in hypothyroidism as the most common endocrine problem. OBJECTIVE : There is lack of information about frequency...

BACKGROUND : Hematological diseases are quite frequent in population and mostly present with anemia. Although diagnosed mostly by clinical examination and simple investigations , bone marrow examination is confirmatory for the diagnosis. Bone marrow aspiration is simple and safe invasive procedure. Spectrum of hematological diseases in the developi...

Colour Doppler ultrasonography allows mapping of flow signals over the entire area of real time ultrasonographic image and allows asssesment of flow in and around benign and malignant breast lesions and axillary nodes.Initial studies using color Doppler ultrasonography to assess breast masses have shown that breast cancers as small as 10mm are asso...

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Leprosy involves multiple organs (skin, nerves, liver and kidney), that leads to a wide range of biochemical as well as immunological changes in the body including trace elements such as zinc, cooper and magnesium. Low serum zinc concentrations are found in various physiologica...

Pancytopenia is an important clinicohematological entity having varying presentations and underlying cause ranging from megaloblastic anemia to fatal bone marrow aplasia and leukemias. Underlying pathol ogy determines the treatment and prognosis.In majority of cases it is megaloblastic anemia which is readily treatable. OBJECTIVE : In our country c...

Hematopoietic malignancies have a close association with viral i nfections which further increases secondary to immune - suppression in the post chemotherapy phase. High prevalence of HBV in cases of leukemia and relation of HCV with ALL, NHL& AML have been reported in several case series, however association of HBV wi th RAEB, CML, AML are reporte...

Acute Megkaryoblastic Leu kemia (AMKL) is a rare entity accounting for 1 - 2% of all Acute myeloblastic Leukemia (AML) (1). It is known as a distinct entity since a very long time but still difficult to diagnose correctly due to lack of distinct clinical features and morphological cr iteria. Here we present the clinical, morphological, cytochemical...

The evaluation and management of discrete hepatic masses is a clinical problem. Ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a rapid, accurate and safe diagnostic procedure that can be used in various neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases of the liver. To evaluate the cytomorphological features of hepatocellular carcinoma. Ultrasoun...

Classification of skeletal angiomatosis into aggressive and nonaggressive types is on the basis of their clinical behavior and pattern of skeletal involvement (regional and disseminated). Gorham's disease (massive osteolysis) is an aggressive form of skeletal angiomatosis that shows regional involvement, frequently involving the shoulder and hip ar...

Background: Endometrial cytopathology is a powerful tool for the detection of a wide variety of benign atypias, inflammatory changes, and infectious organisms. It is also helpful for the cytohormonal evaluation of patients and the detection of endometrial malignancies. Aims: The present study was carried out to assess the sensitivity and specificit...

Congenital epulis, also known as congenital gingival granular cell tumor, is a rare benign intraoral tumor found only in the new born. It can be solitary or multiple and may occur in the mandible, maxilla or tongue and may or may not be associated with other congenital anomalies. The size of the mass varies and if very large may interfere with resp...

Solitary osteochondroma of calcaneum is an uncommon benign tumor. Its malignant transformation to chondrosarcoma is rarely encountered. Pain and recent enlargement are clinical manifestations of this complication. Magnetic resonance imaging is a valuable tool to detect this change.

The aim of this case series is to evaluate the pattern of breast lumps in males and females with special reference to spectrum of lesions in females below 40 years of age. A 20 years retrospective study was undertaken from the records of the department of Pathology, Bhopal. The lesions were classified into benign and malignant. In young females his...