Ravikanth Balaji

• Apollo Hospitals

Automatic extraction of retinal blood vessels plays an important role in the diagnosis of many retinal diseases and also for diagnosing several complicated diseases such as stroke, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Due to the complex nature of retinal vessel network, the manual segmentation of vessels is a tedious task which also requires h...

Purpose: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a widely used medical imaging modality for diagnosis and monitoring of cerebral stroke. The identification of exact location of stroke lesion helps in perceiving its characteristics, an essential part of diagnosis and treatment planning. This task is challenging due to the typical shape of the stroke le...

Diabetic muscle infarction (DMI) occurs as a rare complication of long standing or severe diabetes mellitus. The condition usually occurs spontaneously and patients usually present with acute pain and swelling of affected muscles which persists for weeks, and resolves spontaneously without intervention. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is the modali...

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a neoplasm arising from embryonic neural crest cells. Primary and metastatic central nervous system (CNS) neuroblastomas are extremely rare and may involve the cerebral parenchyma, leptomeninges, or dura. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in the initial diagnosis and staging of neuroblastoma as it provid...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to report magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of cystic lymphangiomas of the breast. METHODS: MRI of the breast was performed using a phased-array double breast coil with a 1.5-T MR scanner. Routine T1 and T2 and post-contrast sequential imaging was performed. RESULTS: The MRI characteristics of cystic ly...

Frontonasal encephaloceles involve herniation of meninges and brain tissue through defects in the floor of the anterior cranial fossa affecting the frontal, ethmoid and nasal bones. Subependymal nodular heterotopias are malformations of cortical development resulting from abnormal neuronal migration. This report describes the coexistence and associ...

Solitary fibrous tumours are rare spindle cell tumours that generally arise from the pleura but on rare occasions arise in other locations such as the head and neck region, stomach and retroperitoneum. Very few reports exist on the imaging findings of these tumours in extra pleural sites such as the mesentery. We report the computed tomography (CT)...

Metastasis to the breast from primary ovarian carcinoma is rare. We describe a case in which the patient developed breast metastasis 3 years after initial treatment of a primary ovarian cancer.

The authors describe imaging patterns of intracranial metastases in 2 children with grade 4 neuroblastoma. Central nervous system metastases from neuroblastoma are extremely rare and may involve the cerebral parenchyma, leptomeninges, or dura. Cerebral parenchymal metastases can be cystic with mural nodules or solid with hemorrhagic elements. The f...

SUMMARY: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate a phyllodes tumor of the breast with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. METHODS: MRI of the breasts was performed using a phased array double breast coil with spectroscopic capability on a 1.5T MR scanner. Post-contrast sequential imaging was done, and the...

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinico-radiological phenomenon seen in a wide spectrum of clinical conditions and is characterized clinically by headache, altered mental status, visual loss and seizures and reversible neuroimaging findings. This study evaluated MR imaging in PRES in a clinical oncology setting. MR findings...

We describe the proton ((1)H) magnetic resonance spectroscopic (MRS) imaging of central neurocytoma (CNC), a rare benign intraventricular neuronal tumor. Multivoxel MR Spectroscopy is a feasible and reproducible non-invasive tool for the specific diagnosis of CNC and to distinguish CNC from other intraventricular tumor types. The detection of glyci...

Lipoleiomyomas are benign uterine neoplasms arising from the myometrium and composed of smooth muscle cells and mature adipocytes. We describe imaging and pathologic features of these rare neoplasms. In the first case, postcontrast computed tomography showed a well-demarcated mass with a large central core of fatty tissue. The tumor in the second c...

Desmoplastic infantile gangliogliomas (DIG) are rare benign intracranial neoplasms of early childhood with involvement of superficial cerebral cortex and leptomeninges. The purpose of the study was to determine the alterations in metabolite ratios occurring in the neoplasm and combine with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features to narrow down the...

A 33-year-old man presented with a long history of intractable partial seizures with the first episode at the age of 18 years. The seizure frequency had increased in the recent past. CT imaging revealed a low attenuation lesion in the left frontal cortex with calvarial scalloping. MR imaging revealed a heterogeneous signal intensity lesion with inv...

Case report A 3-day-old baby was referred to our institution with seizures since birth and a presumptive diagnosis of cerebral tumor detected by prenatal ultrasound. Computed tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging performed immediately after birth revealed the presence of an enhancing mass in the left cerebral hemisphere. Discussion Th...

We report an extremely rare case of malignant hemangiopericytoma (HPC) of the parotid gland and its metastatic spread to lung, liver, and skeletal muscle. Computed tomography (CT) imaging, histopathological and immunohistochemical methods were employed to study the features of malignant HPC and its metastases. CT imaging was helpful to determine th...

A 47-year-old man presented with 3-month history of abdominal pain and a hard gradually enlarging mass. Computed tomography and histopathologic examinations were carried out to diagnose the cause of the huge abdominal mass. Computed tomography imaging showed characteristic features of a peripheral chondrosarcoma originating in the right iliac bone....

This report describes the case of a 50-year-old woman with carcinomatous meningitis from squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Ultrasound showed an irregular hypoechoic mass in the cervix. Contrast enhanced computed tomography imaging revealed intense linear enhancement along the falx cerebri suggestive of pachymeningeal metastasis with in...

This case report describes the CT and MR appearances of choroid plexus carcinomas in children less than two years of age. MR and CT imaging of this rare tumor revealed intensely enhancing mass lesions in an intraventricular location, the atrium of the lateral ventricle being the preferred site in children. The tumors were associated with hydrocepha...

We describe a case of a six-day-old infant with neonatal hypoglycemia with extensive brain damage. Computed Tomographic images exhibited parenchymal loss in the occipital and parietal lobes and thinning of the cortex through out the brain.

Lipoblastoma is a benign tumor of embryonic fat cells occurring in infancy and childhood. The tumor usually presents as a slow growing non tender superficial mass in the extremities. This case report describes the CT and MR findings in an exceedingly rare case of a cervical lipoblastoma with a long segment epidural extension. Surgical and pathologi...

CT and MR imaging have been used to diagnose polymicrogyria and determine the topological involvement of bilateral frontal, perisylvian, parietal or occipital cortices. We present CT and MR appearances of bilateral asymmetrical frontal and parietal perisylvian polymicrogyria in an eighteen year-old-girl.