Ravi Kant Upadhyay

• M.Sc. Ph. D
• Professor at Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University

Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the bio - insecticidal activity of solvent extracts of latex from , Thevetia nerifolia ( Apocynaceae) , Artocarpus heterophyllus (Moraceae), Ficus glomerata ( Moraceae) , Calotropis procera ( Asclepiadaceae). on neonate larvae of Spodopetra litura (Lepidoptera :Noctuidae) a major pest of Indian agri...

In the present investigation nectar feeding and ovipositional responses were observed in various pollen collecting insect vectors belong to different orders in vegetable garden. Flower-visiting and nectar feeding behavoiur in insects from three orders of class insect Lepidoptera, hymenoptera and diptera was observed. Both form and function of mouth...

JE is a flavivirus generated dreadful CNS disease which causes high mortality in various pediatric groups. JE disease is currently diagnosed by measuring the level of viral antigens and virus neutralization IgM antibodies in blood serum and CSF by ELISA. However, it is not possible to measure various disease-identifying molecules, structural and mo...

In the present investigation various bioassays were conducted to evaluate the anti-termite ef-ficacy of plant latex based formulations to con-trol population of Indian white termite in sub-tropical soil. Results reveal that crude latex, its fractions and combinatorial fractions have shown very high toxicity against O. obesus. The LD 50 values for d...

In the pr esent investigation insecticidal potential and oviposition inhibition efficacy of stem, root and flower extracts of Capparis decidua was evaluated against the rice weevil Sitophilous oryzae . For this purpose different bioassays were conducted and adult in sects were exposed with varying doses of each extract. In bioassays on an average 9...

This review article describes the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of essential oils (EOs), gums, latex, and pigments. It also highlighted the numerous diseases curing potential of these phytochemicals from various species. These natural bio-organic ingredients induce the synthesis of inflammatory mediators which successfully work...

This review article outlines the current situation regarding the economic losses and health impacts associated with tick bites on farm, field, and dairy animals. Ticks have developed the ability to consume the blood of their hosts, which is essential for their survival and reproduction. They are not merely passive vectors; rather, they transmit pat...

This review article explains the nutritional and medicinal properties of papaya plant. This plant contains many natural antioxidants found in its leaves, fruits, and seeds. It contains a variety of chemical compounds that exhibit high antioxidant properties. Papaya skin, pulp, and seeds are important sources of bio-organic compounds such as caroten...

This study explains the phytochemistry, therapeutic, and pharmacological potential of Nerium oleander L, commonly known as Kaneir or Kaner. Kaner is a most common small ornamental plant grown in gardens and parks in temperate and semi-arid climates. The present paper outlines the antifungal, antibacterial, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, neurop...

This article provides a comprehensive review on the anticancer and anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activities of Nerium oleander (L.) from the Apocynaceae family. It highlights the presence of phytochemicals, namely, cardiac glycosides oleandrin and cardenolides, which have shown broad-spectrum cytotoxic effects against drug-resistant breas...

Present review article describes venom derived toxins from various arthropods and their therapeutic uses against various virus pathogens of human diseases. Arthropods mainly bees, wasps, hornets, scorpions, spiders, ticks and marine arthropods synthesize toxins which possess unique functional groups and display target specific receptor binding on p...

This article provides a comprehensive review on the anticancer and anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activities of Nerium oleander (L.) from the Apocynaceae family. It highlights the presence of phytochemicals, namely, cardiac glycosides oleandrin and cardenolides, which have shown broad-spectrum cytotoxic effects against drug-resistant breas...

Present review article describes lead induced toxic effects in animals mostly fresh water, marine and land animals. Lead is an important water pollutant, most hazardous toxic heavy metal. It shows bioavailability inside soil from many sources i.e. agrochemicals, oil and paint, mining. It leaches out with rain water and affects plants, invertebrates...

This review examines the effects of plant origin various contraceptives on ovulatory events, egg transport, toxic action on eggs, end of implantation stages, and implantation through hypothalamic and pituitary controls. Plant-origin products modify the hormonal environment of fertilized eggs or developing ovums by the use of steroids and other chem...

This review article discusses the potential of plant-based remedies against protozoans, nematodes and cestodes. Plant natural products show the ability to kill parasites, reduce the morbidity and mortality of hosts. These parasites are a major threat to the health of humans and animals, as well as causing huge economic losses. For fighting dreadful...

The present review article explains nutritional, therapeutic, and pharmaceutical potential of various Hibiscus species. Hibiscus plant possesses great aesthetic and nutritional values. Hibiscus species bear different color flowers mainly rose mallow, red, white, yellow, and saffron which secrete nectar and attract insect pollinators. The plant cont...

Objective: In this study, albino mice were injected with a sub-lethal dosage of purified wasp Ropalidia Marginata venom toxins to assess the effectiveness of polyclonal anti-venom antibodies. Methods: To neutralize the toxic effects, polyclonal antibodies were generated by immunizing albino mice. The antibody underwent partial purification using am...

In the present study, salivary toxins from Rhipicephalus microplus were isolated and purified on a Sepharose CL 6B 200 gel column at a constant flow rate with regular fractions of 5 mL/min. Pooled fractions were lyophilized and LD50 was then determined in albino mice. The LD50 value of the protein toxin of Rhipicephalus microplus was found 36.11 mg...

Objective: This study focuses on the generation of polyclonal antibodies against tick saliva toxins and its use to reverse the toxic effects in albino mice. Methods: Polyclonal antibodies were generated by immunizing albino mice were immunized with saliva toxins mixed with incomplete Freund’s adjuvant. Experimental mice were treated with antiserum...

In the present, investigation effects of sub-lethal dose of purified paper wasp Ropalidia marginata venom toxins were evaluated on important metabolic enzymes i.e. ALP ACP, GPT, GOT, LDH, and AchE enzyme activity in serum,liver, and gastrocnemius muscles of albino mice. Alkaline phosphatasewas found to be increased up to 119.9% at the 6th hr of the...

The current review article discusses several conditions linked to high cholesterol, including their causes, diagnoses, and treatments. Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and hypercholesterolemia is a standalone risk factor for the condition. Numerous cardiovascular illnesses (CVDs) and disorders, including myoca...

Present review article describes phytochemicals, disease prevention, and biological effects of Tinospora cordifolia commonly known as Giloy or Giloe" or "Guduchi." This plant is indigenous to tropical regions of the Indian subcontinent and widely used in Ayurvedic medicines since time immemorial. This article emphasized important biological activit...

In the present investigation, various bioassays were conducted to evaluate the alteration in levels of various enzymes i.e. alkaline phosphatase, acid phos-phatase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transami-nase and acetylcholinesterase. For this purpose worker termites were treated with sub-lethal doses of 40% and 80% of 24...

In the present study, Citrus maxima essential crude oil extract was used to prepare combinatorial formulations and workers of Indian white termite Odontotermes obesus were treated topically with 40% and 80% of 24 hr LD 50 values of these formulations. In subsequent bioassays levels of various enzymes i.e. alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glu...

Plant essential oils and their constituents have proven to be very effective against insects, especially termites. They are the best alternative to synthetic pesticides that are harmless to the environment and human health. In the present study, different enzymes, namely alkaline phosphatase, acid phos-phatase, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase,...

Present article describes a pediatric ulcer and its associating complications in pediatric groups. Peptic ulcer has multiple causes of occurrence, but Helicobacter pylori infection is the main reason. This bacterium invades stomach or duodenum mucosal lining secretion of more acid and choking of enzyme activity. It shows relatively infrequent occur...

Present article explains human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV) activity of various bioorganic components isolated from various plant species. Plants possess enormous potential to fight against viruses and other microbial pathogens. Medicinal plants are large depository of antiretroviral agents which could be used for treatment of sexually transmi...

In present investigation various bio-molecular parameters i.e. glycogen, protein, amino acid, DNA, RNA and lipid were determined for evaluation of anti-termite efficacy of Tagetes erecta essential oil based combinatorial formulations against Indian white termite Odontotermes obesus. For this purpose 40% and 80% of 24 hrs of LD50 values of various f...

This is abstract of my research which emphasize the effectiveness of Citrus maxima essential oil for termite control through the biochemical alterations in termites. I presented this work in a National Conference on Scientific Advancement for Sustainable Environment, Herbal Medicines and Impact on Health: An Earth Day Celebration (SASE) 22-23 April...

In this poster, showed the effects of citrus maxima essential oil based combinatorial ingredients on certain bio-molecules such as Glycogen, Protein, Amino acids,DNA,RNA and lipid in Indian white termite, Odontotermes obesus.

In present investigation various bio-molecules i.e. glycogen, protein, amino acid, DNA, RNA and lipid were evaluated to determine the anti-termite efficacy of Citrus maxima essential oil based combinatorial formulations against Indian white termite Odontotermes obesus. For this purpose termites were treated topically with 40% and 80% of 24 hr LD50...

Present review article describes hazardous effects of micro-pollutants mainly desert, rubber, silica, house hold and street, cement, ceramic, plastic, pollen, and tobacco dust. It also explains harmful effects of stubble smoke, smog, furnace fumes and organic volatiles. Most of these micro-pollutants are related to occupation mainly industries, hou...

Nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary field that includes three highly overlapping areas: nanomaterials, nanoelectronics, and nanobiotechnology. Nanomaterials have revolutionized both therapeutics and diagnostics, as these are emerged as promising candidates which efficiently carry drug molecules. These nanosystems or metallic nanoparticles have i...

Present article signifies anti-HIV potential of various plant natural products. Till the date thousands of green biochemicals have been isolated and tested against HIV in vitro. Most of them have been displayed inhibition of reverse transcriptase, protease, inte-grase enzyme activity. These are also fusion inhibitors, CCR5 antagonists showed gp 120...

Present review article describes use of radiation and radionuclides on cancer and cancer cell therapeutics. It also sketches out cumulative effects of radiation exposure received by the patients during cancer diagnostics. Though, in cancer therapeutics a selected and permissible dose is provided in several cycles to ablate the neoplastic cells and...

In the present investigation, various field bioassays were performed to evaluate the anti-termite efficacy of Citrus maxima essential oil-based combinatorial formulations against Indian white termite. LD 50 values of various formulations were found in the range of 12.73-702.489 µg/g. In subsequent bioassays, crude essential oils and combinatorial m...

The present review article explains phytochemistry, biological effects, and therapeutic uses of Butea monosperma and its associating species. This plant possesses great esthetic, medicinal, and therapeutic value in India. Palash is mentioned in holy Indian spiritual texts and has a long traditional use in Ayurvedic medicines. Its leaf decoction is...

Introduction: Since last ten decades various synthetic pesticides were used for insect control but most of them were found highly toxic and harmful to non-target living beings. These also persist for longer time inside soil as bound residue and enter into food chain and reach to human body and evoke certain diseases. Plant species synthesize thousa...

In the present investigation, various bioassays were conducted to evaluate the anti-termite efficacy of plant latex-based formulations to control population of Indian white termite in subtropical soil. Crude latex and its combinatorial mixtures have shown significant anti-termites efficacy against. Indian forest termite (Odontotermes obesus). The L...

This article explains ongoing changes in global climate and their effect on the resurgence of vector and pathogen populations in various parts of the world. Today, major prevailing changes are the elevation of global temperature and accidental torrent rains, floods, droughts, and loss of productivity and food commodities. Due to the increase in wat...

This article presents mucosal immune defense in response to various pathogenic infections in different hosts including man. Internally, the mucosal layer (membrane) covers the respiratory, digestive, nasal, and urogenital systems and serves as a physical barrier against many groups of infections. The host pathogen's interaction with membrane recept...

In present investigation various bioassays were conducted to evaluate the alteration in levels of certain biomolecules such as glycogen, protein, amino acid, DNA, RNA and lipids. For this purpose worker termites were treated with sub-lethal dose 40% and 80% of 24 hrs LD50 values and observations were taken at 4 hrs interval up to 24 hrs. Crude late...

In present investigation various bio-molecular parameters i.e. glycogen, protein, amino acid, DNA, RNA and lipid were determined for evaluation of anti-termite efficacy of Tagetes erecta essential oil based combinatorial formulations against Indian white termite Odontotermes obesus. For this purpose 40% and 80% of 24 hrs of LD50values of various fo...

In present research study effect of purified paper wasp Ropalidia marginata venom toxins was evaluated in different biomolecules in blood serum of albino mice. The changes in the level of certain macromolecules i.e., protein, free amino acids, uric acid, cholesterol, pyruvic acid, total lipid and glucose. Changes were measured after injecting 40% a...

In the present investigation, in vivo effects of purifiedticks saliva toxin were evaluated on glycogen level in rectus abdominis, gastrocnemius muscle, atria and ventricle of albino mice and muscle glycogen. A significant elevation was observed in glycogen level in liver 69.28% to 67.94% rectus abdominis 80.88% to 82.22% gastrocnemius 85.71% to 66....

In the present investigation, in vivo effects of purified ticks’ saliva toxin were evaluated on the level of certain important cellular metabolic enzymes i.e. acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamate pyruvate transaminase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and lactic dehydrogenase. For this purpose, sub-lethal doses, 40% and...

Plant essential oils and their constituents have proven to be very effective against insects, especially termites. They are the best alternative to synthetic pesticides that are harmless to the environment and human health. In the present study, different enzymes, namely alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, g...

Present review article describes cadmium induced pathological and ecotoxicological effects of cadmium in animals. This is highly toxic non-essential transition metal, causing serious global problem to human health, animals and environment. After entered into human blood and its subsequent distribution cadmium imposes multiple morbidities in human....

In present review article hazardous and biological consequences of glyphosate herbicide have been discussed in detail. For the suppression of grass, sedge, and broadleaved plants, this is a systemic, nonselective herbicide that is often used in agriculture. Its commercial formulations are offered on the market under a variety of brand names. It aff...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes in the serum calcium and phosphorous induced by cadmium and to evaluate the protective role of jamun (Syzygium cumini) seed and orange (Citrus sinensis) peel extracts. Male wistar rats were divided into six groups and following treatments were given as

The present review article explains venoms from various centipede species with their biomedical and pharmacological properties. Centipede venom is a natural source of bioactive proteins, peptides and other small molecules. These use venoms as defense arsenals to paralyze prey. This review paper sketch out important physiological effects like platel...

The present review article describes invertebrate venoms and various toxins secreted by them. Animal venoms are stores of novel peptides which exhibit a wide variety of biological effects and actively interact with pathogen and parasites. Animal toxins selectively bind to ion channels and receptors and display show hemolytic, cytolytic, proteolytic...

The present review article explains different zoonotic diseases transmitted by various species of ticks. This article emphasizes various animal hosts, transmission and prevalence of various zoonotic diseases caused by a virus, bacteria, protozoans in different eco-climatic regions of the world. This article also explains various diagnostic methods...

In present research study paper wasp Ropalidia marginata Venom toxins were purified on Sepharose CL 6B 200 gel column at a constant flow rate of 5 mL/minute in 121 regular fractions. Elution pattern of venom shows presence of low molecular weight toxic peptides ranging from 12-60 kDa. Eluted fractions were pooled lyophilized and its LD50 was determ...

In present investigation Tagetes erecta and its combinatorial formulations were evaluated to observe the anti-termite efficacy against Indian white termite Odontotermes obesus. These have shown very high termiticidal activity and repellency against present termite species. It was proved by very low LD 50 values obtained i.e. B-AST-A 261.930 and S-A...

In the present study experimental bioassays were conducted determine the toxicity and repellency of plant essential oil based formulations in Indian white termite. In anti-termite assays crude oil and extracts were used in different combinatorial mixtures for treatment of termites. In subsequent bioassays crude essential oils, and combinatorial mix...

The present article explains the effect of plant latex and its formulations on termite control. Latex is natural plant polymer secreted by highly specialized cells known as laticifers. It is a milky white thick complex mixture of proteins, alkaloids, starch, sugars, oils, tannins, resins, and gums. Both latex and its components show multiple delete...

This review article explains the use of various plant essential oils (EOs) and its formulations in termite control. Plant EOs and its components show multiple deleterious effects such as toxic, antifeedant, repellent, growth, and reproductive inhibitory activity in number of insect pest species. These active components delay egg maturation and deve...

Present article describes therapeutic and insecticidal activities of plant terpenes. Volatile terpenes and terpenophenolics were found highly active against protozoa, viruses, bacteria, and helminthes. Terpenes also display bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and virucidal activities. These potentially function like promising natural insecticides and wer...

ins major non communicable disease and complications of various CVDs i.e. strokes, arterial diseases, stress, alcoholism, narcotics, hypertension, cancer and blood pressure and other life style diseases. NCDs do clinical, mental, physical impairments in users, and these become either permanent or temporary. But most of them impose residual disabili...

Present review article explains the dietary and nutritional value of various fish derived natural food products. Fish is a good source of important nutrients such as proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals. Fish oil contains polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) mainly omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and ei...

Present review article explains the dietary and nutritional value of various fish derived natural food products. Dietary use of fish is a good source of important nutrients such as proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals.. Fish oil possesses polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) mainly omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic a...

The present review article describes anti-tick efficacy of various plant natural products, that is, plant extracts, pure bioorganic compounds, essential oils (EOs), and its components. This review indicates rising problem of resistance to chemical acaricides in ticks and environmental toxicity due to its residual effects. Both EOs and pure molecule...

This review emphasizes the immune responses to tick infestation and the administration of vaccine to save the life of man and his livestock. There are so many vaccines in operation in various parts of the world. These vaccines have been developed by using tick saliva toxins or recombinant antigens synthesized. This article explains the use of moder...

In the present investigation, in vivo effects of wasp toxin were evaluated on reversal of metabolic enzymes after providing purified anti-venom antibodies (anti-toxins) at 4 hour of treatment with 40% 24-h LD 50. Venom glands of yellow wasp Polistes flavus were homogenized and loaded on gel filtration column for purification and isolation of venom...

Present review article explains tick-borne diseases, transmission, host immune responses, diagnosis and control in relation to climatic variations. Ticks are hematophagous ectoparasites which suck large volumes of blood from livestock and humans. They release large numbers of protozoans, bacteria, rickettsia and viral pathogens during blood feeding...

This review article describes anti-cancer activity of various animal toxins belongs to different animal groups. Cancer is a dreadful disease that is responsible for millions of deaths worldwide. For its treatment various chemotherapeutics have been used but these are costlier and show side effects. Animal toxins are noble and unique therapeutic eff...

Present review article emphasizes species specific coelenterate toxins, its pharmaceutical and therapeutic effects. Most of the coelenterates inflict venom accidently by using nematocysts found on arms. These animals very quickly do massive and multiple inflictions of venom which causes cardiotoxicity that leads to the death of human beings. Coelen...

Present review article explains ant venom components and its allergic and biological effects in man and animals. Red ants or small fire ants secrete and inject venom very swiftly to defend their nest against predators, microbial pathogens, and competitors and to hunt the prey. Ant venom is a mixture of various organic compounds, including peptides,...

Colostrum is naturally secreted nutritionally rich thick biological fluid that contains various bioactive molecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, fats, hormones, growth factors, vitamins, lectoferrins, and good repertoire of immunoglobulins which play important role in innate immune defense in new born infants. It contains disease protective and...

Present review article describes causes of resurgence, pathogenesis and prevention of serious and potentially life-threatening bacterial diseases i.e. typhoid, cholera, tuberculosis, leptospirosis, Brucellosis, pertussis, shigellosis, leprosy, anthrax, and plague occur in human. This article high lights effect of climatic and weather conditions on...

Ticks are the most important ancient group of obligate blood-sucking ectoparasites of terrestrial vertebrates mainly of livestock. These small-sized animals are found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. These act as vectors and transmit a wide range of protozoa, bacteria and viruses tick-borne diseases. These attach to host skin for b...

Present article explains major threats generated by bioterrorism, risks, and its devastation impact on human life. This article also highlights different bio-weapons or genetically modified micro-organisms, methods of bio-defense, bio-security, surveillance and other strategies to counter attack the bio-weapon dissemination. Terrorists can dissemin...

This paper explains recently emerged climate induced opportunistic nosocomial infections in detail with its prevention and control. All these fungal infections have been emerged all of a sudden in hospitalized patients those who are under clinical care, recovered and in home isolation. Recent corona virus pandemic raised this problem as the high do...

Present case report describes real time situation and observations of four members of a family infected with Covid-19. They have started taking all drug regimens just after evoking of initial symptoms of Covid-19 without any delay just after consultation seek from two physicians. In this case report patients followed Ayurvedic and herbal treatments...

This article tries to draw attention of scientific community that coronavirus seems to be a laboratory manufactured virus. Since its outbreak in November 20202 corona virus has infected millions of people and caused thousands of deaths in the world. In a short span of 18 months, it has rapidly spread in more than 207 countries of the world. In all...

In the present review article human diseases caused by various groups of pathogens have been explained with its etiology, epidemiology and treatment. In addition, effect of climatic changes on parasites and pathogens has been demarcated with rising incidences of diseases. In response to environmental changes, mainly external and internal microenvir...

The present review article explains antihyperlipidemic and cardioprotective effects of various plant natural products. These are antioxidants which found in vegetable oils, fruits, seeds, plant leaves, stem, and plant roots. This article emphasizes therapeutic potential of sulfur-containing compounds, anthraquinones, thiosulfinates and ajoenes, tri...

Present review article explains antimicrobial activity ofhymenopteran insect venoms. These insects sting very swiftly and inflict venom in its prey. These also use venom toxins to defend their hive, nests and mainly colonies in territory. Venoms contain multiple components in its toxins which are powerful weapons secreted from venom glands. Wasps a...

Present review article explains antiviral potential of essential oils more especially as an alternative treatment of coronavirus infection. This article emphasizes biological activity of major essential oil constituents and their future prospects for development of low toxic highly effective broad spectrum drugs. These could specifically inhibit vi...

Present review article explains antivirus activity of animal venom toxins against various virus pathogens of important human diseases. Venom toxins are highly specific defense molecules, which are secreted from basic glandular structures and used as arsenals to protect territory, food and mate selection. Few venomous animals secrete antimicrobial p...

Upadhyay. The main purpose of artificial immunity is to provide protection cover or shield against particular pathogenic diseases. For this purpose, individuals have been intentionally exposed to small quantities of denatured antigen and administer with attenuated strain or a live virus to evoke immunity. Artificial induction of immunity makes peop...

The present review article explains the salient features of hornet venom toxins, their physiological, biological and pharmacological effect on animals and man. Hornets sting very fast and inflict venom, which is more dangerous than those of bees. Hornet venom contains both proteinaceous and non-proteinaceous peptides i.e. scapin, adolapin, mellitin...

The present review article presents various methods for termite control in the high humidity climatic zone of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. It emphasizes the use of various plant latexes as insecticides to control forest, household and garden termite population. Plant latex is a milky white complex mixture of proteins, alkaloids, starch, sugars, oils, tan...

Present article explains insect toxins, its immune allergic, pharmaceutical and therapeutic effects. Insect venom glands generate enzymatic and non-enzymatic toxins and are inflicted by the stings. Insect's envenomation are highly painful, inflamed and life-threatening. It causes breathing difficulties, bronchospasm, hypotension and arrhythmia, car...

The present review article emphasizes anti-termite efficacy of various plant natural products for control of Indian white termite and its associating species. The Indian white termite, Odontotermes obesus (Rambur) (Isoptera: Odontotermitidae), is highly destructive polyphagous insect pest in Eastern Uttar Pradesh. It damages commercial wood, food c...

The present review article emphasizes anti-termite potential of various natural plant products against various termite species, i.e. subterranean termites, dry wood termite, and dampwood termites. Termites invade standing crops wood clothes, paper orchard vegataion and cause heavy damage to vegetable plants, seeds, bark, stems and stired grain prod...

The present review article, explain the use of plant latexes and other plant natural products for control of termites. Termites are polyphagous, highly destructive pests which cause significant loss to agricultural crops, food, fibres, wood materials and other house hold materials. However, for termite control different synthetic highly toxic chemi...

The present review article explains fish toxins from different species with their pharmaceutical and therapeutic uses. Fish stinging is a major problem in coastal areas as it exerts severe toxic effects mainly in fishermen, locals, and tourists. Fish toxins cause severe pain that radiates up in the limbs and regional lymphatics. These also impose v...

The present review article emphasized the pharmaceutical, insecticidal, and therapeutic role of Cassia fistula and its associating species. This is an ornamental plant grown in all parts of India and has a long traditional use in Ayurvedic medicines for the treatment of cough, cold, and sneezing. Plant is a good depository of chemical constituents...

Present review explains different modes of transmission of coronavirus, facts and challenges people have faced at global level. Anthropogenic activities such as trade, transport, travel, business, tourism and religious are responsible for transmission of this virus. It is noticeable that among all modes of transmission human mistakes have increased...